GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH
Year:2008 | Volume:23 | Issue:2 (89)|Papers Count:9

In this paper 366 maps of mean daily temperature have been prepared using 620 synoptic and climatologic stations. Spatial resolution of these maps is 18Km*18Km. A cluster analysis applied to these maps showed that there are six different temperature regions in Iran. Geographical configuration of these regions is mainly controlled by elevation above sea level. Meanwhile some synoptic systems like Gang Low Pressure (GLP) and Azores High Pressure (AHP) play a role. Generally speaking Iran may divide into two parts from temperature point of view: cold mountainous areas and warm and hot lowlands.

The present paper is an attempt to recognize the social- economic features of informal sector in Tabriz metropole. The results obtained show that this phenomenon is complicated and its importance in urban economy is such that cannot be ignored. The informal sector has attracted the significant number of people in Tabriz and plays a major role in the economy of the metropole. In this study the descriptive- surveying method has been used which has been observed random applying the documental and field studies through filling 350 questionnaires (277 men and 73 women). Through exploiting the descriptive statistical and inferential methods as well as GIS system, the data have been analyzed. Findings indicate that in Tabriz metropole: 1-Distribution of geographical activities in informal sector is not monotonous. 2-The education of most people employed in informal sector is under diploma. 3- There is a relationship between the activities in informal sector and rural-urban immigration. 4-Most of the employees in the mentioned sector reside in squatter settlements and others in other parts of the city. 7- Most of the employees in the above sector are married and middle-age. 5-There is a relationship between unemployment and occupation in the informal sector. 6-There is a difference between females and males, activities in the mentioned sector. 8-Most of the employees in informal sector do not pay tax. 9-Most of occupants of this sector face problems such as job dissatisfaction and not being insured.

Precipitation is one of the most complicated atmospheric phenomena. Condensation nuclei, humidity and uplifting are important in producing cloud and precipitation. Caspian Sea, as an important humidity source in the north of Iran can feed humidity into rain systems. In order to survey the synoptic conditions in Anzali station, daily data in upper levels and daily precipitation were provided and dynamic and thermodynamic variables were calculated in 1000 to 100 (hpa) levels in 2003 then, precipitation prediction models were estimated using multiple regression analysis and stepwise method for each of Caspian region nodes in varies precipitation groups. At last, final prepared for each of precipitation groups. These models show that the first candidate variable in the precipitation group of higher than 50 mm is vorticity (1000 hpa, 8 node), in the precipitation group of higher than 40 mm is omega (600 hpa, 1 node), in the Geographical Research precipitation group of higher than 30 mm is relative humidity (850 hpa, 22 node) and for total precipitation it is geopotential height (925 hpa, 29 node). The maps show that in the of models, candidate variable particularly uplifting dynamic factors locate on lands. Adjusted R2 for final model is more than %81 for total precipitation.

The focus of geomorphology is concerned with an analysis of the nature, arrangement and differentiation of landforms and an understanding of the processes that have shaped or are shaping those landforms. One of these shapes is evaporates. Varposht evaporite is one of them. This collection contains numerous hills on Neogen-Quaterner basin from central Iranian zone .Geo-chemical witnesses explain sedimentation on Miocene shallow environments. Evaporites contain clay and evaporate minerals such as gypsum, anhydrite and halite. Varposht evaporites sediment, at the formation time was single mass, but for sensitive and weak construction, have been caused a separation structure and a collection of hills in the present time. Study of the hill geomorphology shows a significant different on their shape. In this paper we have been tried to show some aspects of geomorphic quantitative parameters that they affect these differences. Results showed a significant different between erosional level above all hills. If hill tallness increase, the elevation of erosional level of hill will decrease. Meanwhile a significant relationship exists between hill shape and stream density on the hill slope. According to the results we can find the most stable hill shape using quantitative tools. Therefore the hill shape and drainage density illustrate the stability of hills. Recognition the best condition of hill stability is important for environmental managers, for example for gypsum mining, managers must be consider the best hill shape that increase the form factor of hills and as a result hill stability.

The main objective of present work is to use GIS, along with the model obtained, to find suitable areas for main crops of the province. To do this, at first the rain fed wheat yield data was collected from ministry of Jihad-agriculture data bank during the 1374- 1382. These data were organized as output matrix of network. The input matrix of this model contained, initial meteorological parameters. For training the neural network model, v years of data was defined as train file and y remain data were the test file for the model, after fitting the data to the model and obtaining Root Mean Square error (RMSE) of the difference matrix of the input data, we find that when we used the 6 meteorological parameters (annual rainfall, number of days with thermal and cold stress, rainy days, moisture available index, and mean daily temperature) the model produced minimum RMSE amount. So we find the best model using neural network software and climatic data to predict wheat yield.In the second stage, we obtained the agroclimatic maps of Wheat using GIS. To do this, at first we should prepared the wheat climatic requirement maps. These layers were moisture available index, rainfall, rainy days, days with thermal and cold stresses and temperature maps. Finally after preparing these layers according to climatic requirements of wheat, we used IDRISI software and overlay model to produce climatic potential maps of the province for rain fed wheat.

Processed products play an important role in agriculture, rural and employment development. The major function of these industries is to process agriculture and domestic products into valuable and final productions. This paper followed two principal goals: 1) determination of the best site for establishing a fruit juice factory in Bonab county and 2) application of analytic hierarchy process in site selection. The method of the research is an analytic-statistical one. Thus at the aid with use of centrality model and location coefficient, we selected suitable sites for establishment of the industry. Then analytic hierarchy process we selected the best site for establishment of the industry.

The most of exogenesis forms and processes are influenced the climatic characteristics and the climatic changes created various geomophological evidence in land surface. These evidences can help us to reconstruct the past climatic conditions. The conclusion of climatic changes in quaternary is consequent of glacial and interglacial period and the evidence of its concern to landscapes. The glaciers created in area which has annual temperature less than zero or equal, and therefore these area are covered by snow during all months .humidity, cold, slope ,direction and are other variables affect creating glaciers. The famous forms of glacial processes are cirques. Dehbakry cirque is one of the biggest cirques of Iran. It is located near Bam city and we try to reconstruct the past climatic condition using Wright method in this area which is now on the most arid and warm zones of the world. Dehbakry village is located in south - east of Barn and has only a few kilometers far from it. This village in earlier glacial period had been a big cirque and the tongues of ice river's come down until 10 kilometer of Bam city, the city now produce one of the most famous varieties of palm, in Iran.