Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2018 | Volume:25 | Issue:133 |Papers Count:9

Background and Objective: According to definition of probiotics by WHO/FAO that is “Live microorganisms which, when present in sufficient amount, confer beneficial effects to the host”.Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis the first non-pathogenic yeast which is known as a probiotic for humans that its helpful effects for humankind has been proved.Pseudomonas aeruginosais one of the most significant opportunistic pathogen that has notably resistance to many antibacterial agents. This study evaluated the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the pathogenic factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosasuch as elastase, alkaline protease, and motility.Materials and Methods: In this study, we used local strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has the probiotic property and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) PAO1 strain). In order to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (supernatant-lysate) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, appropriate phenotypic tests were used.Results: The extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from local strain has inhibitory effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three factors involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosapathogenicity, which was studied in this research (elastase, alkaline protease, and motility), to the acceptable extent, controlled and inhibited.Conclusion: According to results of this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has reducing effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which with more extensive research in this field, it can be used as a promising and innovative way to treat infection of this bacteria.

Background and Objective: liver disease is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and exercise training is effective in preventing and treating diabetes-induced hepatic injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic swimming exercise on the hepatic matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) level of liver tissue in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, 28 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (7 rats per group) of control, diabetes, exercise, and diabetes-exercise. Diabetes was induced by alloxan (90 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals exercised by swimming training at 5 min to 30 min per day, five days a week over 8 weeks. The rats were killed 48 h after the last treatments and liver MMP-2 and TNF-a level were evaluated by zymography and ELISA methods.One-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis.Results: Findings showed that the diabetes significantly increases MMP-2 activity and TNF-a level in animals (p˂0.05). In addition, 8 weeks swimming training were associated with a significant decrease of TNF-a level and MMP-2 activity in the liver tissue of diabetic rats (p˂0.05).Conclusion: It seems that regular swimming training can partially prevent diabetes-induced liver injury via decreasing MMP-2 activity and TNF-a level in diabetic rats.

Background and Objective: In the present study, PEGylated liposomal formulation containing doxorubicin was synthesized in order to study the effects of surface charge on its cytotoxicity.Materials and Methods: Liposomal doxorubicin containing DPPC, cholesterol and phospholipid DSPE-mPEG with various amounts of cationic phospholipid, DOTAP, (0, 5.2 and 20%) was prepared by pH gradient method. Prepared nanoparticles were evaluated in term of percentage of drug loading, particle size, polydisparity index, 48-hour drug release, and surface charge. The cytotoxicity of free and entrapped doxorubicin on Saos-2 cell lines was also compared.Results: The percentages of drug loading for all three formulations were higher than 82 percent. All formulations were monodisperse. The particle size was reduced by increasing cationic properties of particles. The zeta-potential varied from -23 to+22.4, and 43% of the drug was released from the liposome during 48 hours. Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin increased with encapsulation. Addition of cationic phospholipid reduced cell survival.Conclusion: Increasing cytotoxicity of doxorubicin loaded into cationic liposomes is due to the more sustained-release of the system and also the toxicity created by DOTAP in the structure. Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin improved by entrapping it into liposomal vesicles. Doxorubicin loaded into cationic liposome shows highest toxicity.

Background and Objective: OCT4 is the most important transcription factor for reprogramming of somatic cells and maintenance of pluripotency. Moreover, it has recently been shown that loss of P53 or its mutations improve the efficiency of reprogramming. This study was designed to reprogram human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) by overexpression ofOCT4 and inhibition ofP53 expression.Materials and Methods: The ADSCs were isolated from abdominal fat tissue of patients who underwent cosmetic abdominoplasty. For characterization of the ADSCs, the expression of some mesenchymal stem cell markers was assessed by flow cytometry and the cells were differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. The third-passaged ADSCs were transfected with a plasmid expressingOCT4 and a P53-shRNA. One week after transfection, the expression of pluripotency genes was studied by quantitative real-time PCR.Results: The third-passaged ADSCs showed a fibroblast-like morphology.Meanwhile, 94%, 80.2%, and 81.1% of the ADSCs showed positive staining for CD90, CD73 and CD105 markers, respectively. Moreover, the ADSCs showed adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. As revealed by qPCR analysis, the expression ofOCT4, SOX2, LIN28, REX1, CCND1 and C-MYC mRNAs were significantly upregulated after transfection of the ADSCs with hOCT4/shp53 vector compared to the control group.Conclusion: Overexpression of OCT4 and inhibition of P53 can improve reprogramming of the ADSCs toward a pluripotent state. This method may improve the differentiation capacity of the ADSCs for clinical applications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, rumination, worry and pre-sleep arousal in students with insomnia of the University of Kurdistan.Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental study conducted in a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of all students who were educating at the University of Kurdistan in the academic year of 2015-16. The study sample consisted of 34 students with insomnia that were selected by convenience sampling, 17-person experimental and control groups and completed Insomnia Severity Index, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale, the Ruminative Response Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale. Experimental group received 12 sessions of 75 minutes about Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia, but the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed by descriptive and repeated measures statistical tests.Results: Results showed that test scores for insomnia severity (41%), dysfunctional beliefs and attitude about sleep (35%), rumination (29%), worry (44%) and pre-sleep arousal (26%) significantly reduced in the experimental group as compared to control group participants, in both post-test and follow-up (p<0.01), indicating the effectiveness of the treatment.Conclusion: Based on findings of this research, cognitive and emotional variables can be considered as key intermediates of therapeutic efficacy in cognitive behavior therapy. Therefore, exclusive treatments focusing on these variables may lead to better treatment outcomes.

Background and Objective: Irisin was identified as a myokine secreted by exercise which plays an important role in energy metabolism and regulation of metabolic diseases such as obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks aerobic training on serum levels of irisin in male obese Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 adult rats (weight: 250 to 300 g, BMI>30 g/cm2) were divided into two groups: aerobic training with 70 to 75% Vo2max (moderate intensity) and control group. Aerobic training included: eight weeks walking on treadmill (5 sessions/per week for 60 min per session). After the training period, the level of irisin was measured. Statistical techniques for data analysis were paired and independent sample t-test to determine the intra- and inter-group comparisons between groups and the level of significance was considered at p<0.05.Results: The serum levels of irisin in the aerobic training group with moderate intensity significantly increased as compared to the control group (t=4.18, p=0.001). In addition, weight in aerobic training significantly reduced.Conclusion: According to the results, eight weeks of aerobic training lead to a significant increase in serum levels of irisin. Moreover, it seems that aerobic training with moderate intensity has led to an increase in theremogenesis, weight loss, and energy expenditure.

Background and Objective: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is associated with dysfunction and impairment of vascular system. Exercise training in diabetic patients improves angiogenesis, which helps treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this study was investigation of aerobic exercise effect on cardiac expression of the proteins Spred-1, Raf1, and VEGF in diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of diabetic, intact aerobic exercise (8 weeks for 6 sessions per week), diabetic, and intact control. Cardiac muscle was removed and placed immediately in liquid nitrogen. Protein expression of VEGF, Raf-1 and Spred-1 was investigated by ELISA method. Data were analysed using SPSS (version 16.0) at a significance level of p<0.05. One way ANOVA was used for data analysis with Tukey’s test to find differences between groups.Result: Results showed that diabetes leads to decreased cardiac expression of Raf-1 (p<0.05) and VEGF (p<0.05) proteins and increased cardiac expression of Spred-1 protein (p<0.05). As well, eight weeks of aerobic training led to increase of cardiac expression of Raf-1 (p<0.05) and VEGF (p<0.05) protein and decreased cardiac expression of Spred-1 (p<0.05) protein in diabetic rats.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training increases expression of VEGF and Raf1 protein and decreases expression of Spred-1 in cardiomyocytes, therefore, the effect of diabetes on these proteins in the presence of aerobic exercise is attenuated.

Background and Objective: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the probiotic yeasts that has positive effects on health.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the important opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supernatant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on preventing the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its effect on exotoxin S gene expression by Real-Time PCR method.Materials and Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured in brain heart broth. Total RNA extraction was done by RNA Protect Bacteria kit and cDNA extraction was performed with Quanti Tect Reverse Transcription kit.Saccharomyces cerevisiaewas cultured in potato dextrose broth culture media and its supernatant was gained. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test for supernatant against P. aeruginosa was done by micro dilution broth method three times. The bacterial suspension of P. aeruginosa was admixed three times with pure culture, supernatant yeast. Each Real-Time PCR test was performed with a Quanti Tect SYBER Green PCR kit to measure the expression of Exotoxin S gene.Results: Supernatant Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test against Pseudomonas aeruginosawas 2048 mg/ml. The results of Real-Time PCR test represent theExotoxin S gene expression efficiency in the culture of bacteria and supernatant was 1.77.Conclusion: Supernatant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae could prevent the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but increases the expression of Exotoxin S gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, because supernatant 1.2 MIC concentrations was used and the gene expression efficiency number was greater than 1.