IRANIAN JOURNAL OF LABORATORY KNOWLEDGE
Year:2019 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 (26) |Papers Count:4

The Scanning Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Microscopy (SSM) has been used to measure the particle flux, as well as the investigation of superconductivity and ferromagnetic properties. SSM is a tool to capture the image of magnetic contaminants on nonmagnetic surfaces. Almost any low-frequency electrical or magnetic signal capable of converting to a magnetic flux signal is detectable with this microscope. Scanning Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Microscopy (Scanning SQUID Microscopy) applications include study of magnetic and electronic properties of materials, search for thermal energy sources of soil, paleomagnetic studies, biomagnetic research, measuring the temperature and finally identifying and detecting the magnetic structures of the surface on the ground and sea.

Carbohydrates (carbon monoxide or sugars) are a type of biological molecule that is chemically known as polyhydroxyaldehyde or polyhydroxycotone. Today, modern methods are used to isolate and extract sugars. In this paper, the methods of membrane extraction and filtration systems in the sugar industry, extracted with protected membrane, extracted with pressurized fluid-and using hot water, extracted with the help of microwave waves, extraction with supercritical solvent, extraction by field Strong pulsed electric pulses, using ultrasonic or ultrasonic waves to extract more sugars; along with presenting the latest research and available papers with the aim of identifying the best extraction method with high yields of the desirable sweetener. All the techniques described have advantages and disadvantages. In all of these methods, the amount of solvent consumed is low or non-used, faster, less toxic, high sensitivity and easier to extract than conventional methods. Due to the lack of sufficient technical knowledge and information, today, the need to address this important issue and the creation of a suitable platform for the participation of the more knowledgeable people of the country is felt more and more. In this paper, with describing the activities of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the process of developing international standards and participation in this activity is described.

Multidetector systems have been widely used in GC for many years. Even though the mass spectrometer is still the most popular GC detector in the case of complex samples, a multidetector system can provide all the information needed for the confirmation purposes. This review describes various GC setups for multidetector analysis, and modern systems available on the market. An overview of the application of multidetector systems with various detectors in GC is also enclosed. The most popular system involves parallel detectors and a post-injector or postcolumn effluent splitter.

What are electromagnetic waves? How are they created and how can they move? How can we widely understand and organize them? What are the different properties of their relationship with electrical and magnetic effects? In this paper, we intend to investigate the effects of electromagnetic waves on humans and living organisms by answering these questions. In the beginning, the types of electromagnetic waves are classified in terms of frequency range and are investigated in terms of ionization and non-ionization. It then refers to the general principles of protection against radiation. The result of the present study is that if the prescribed standards are met, the radio and microwave radio in the public environment do not pose a threat to humans.