Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2004 | Volume:12 | Issue:53|Papers Count:14

Infection remains the major cause of death following burn injury. This high rate of infection has been attributed to immune suppression. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell mediated and humoral immune responses following thermal injury in an animal model. Material and Methods: Male Balb/c mice were anesthetized and given a 10% total body surface area full-thickness burn. The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and humoral responses to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) were quantitated on different days of post burn. Results: We have demonstrated that marked suppression of DTH occurs during 30 days after burn trauma, with maximal suppression that occurring in 10 to 14 days after burn injury. Simultaneously the antibody response to SRBC was increased after thermal trauma. Discussion: These results show that severe alterations occur in DTH and antibody responses following burn injury. The severity of these changes varies at different times of post burn period. Moreover this study presents an ideal rodent model of burn exposure which can be used for further investigation in this area.  

Introduction: Glucose 6-phostphate Dehydroganse (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common enzymatic disorders with genetic origin. Jaundice is one of the symptoms of G6PD deficiency. This prospective study was performed to evaluate of prevalence of G6PD deficiency in admitted jaundiced newborns. Methods: This prospective study was performed in 573 jaundiced newborns were admitted to one university hospitals from September 2000 to March 2003. In all jaundiced newborns, G6PD activity was measured using spot fluorescent method. Results: 33 neonates (28 males and 5 females) had G6PD deficiency. Incidence of G6PD deficiency in jaundiced newborns was 5.76% (8.02% for male and 2.23% for female). The male: female ratio was 6:1. The mean total serum bilirubin concentration was 20.5 mg/dl and mean Hb concentration was 15.1 g/dl. All of the patients received phototherapy and exchange transfusion in 30.3% were done for this group. Conclusion: This justifies the recommendation to measure of G6PD activity in all cases of neonatal jaundice and screening of the male neonates for G6PD deficiency through examination of the cord blood at birth is suggested.    

Objective: In order to evaluate occupational exposure to Nickel compounds in electroplating, 35 male workers in a big electroplating workshop in west of Tehran were examined. Four of them excluded due to exceed of their urinary creatinine defined values. Methods: Stationary and personal air, urinary samples were collected and evaluated by standard methods (04185-90 ASTM standard with the flame atomic absorption for air and the flameless atomic absorption for urine samples). Results: The results related to air pollution revealed that the mean of pollutant (Ni) amounts in air of all parts of the workshop was less than threshold limit value reported by ACGIH (100µg/m3). The mean of urinary Ni concentration in the electroplater (17 cases) and polisher (7 cases) exceeded from the standard limit for unexposed personnel (4.5µg/lit) with significantly differences (77.45 and 64.75 µg/lit respectively). Meanwhile, the above values had not difference significantly with Finland Biological Action Level (BAL=76 µg/lit). These data, of course, when corrected by creatinine, it also exceeded the control group exceeded from the control group's urinary samples (50.5 µg/gcrea versus 21 and 24 µg/gcrea). The values related to-urinary in smokers and nonsmokers had not difference significantly (43 and 46 µg/gcrea respectively). Age or occupational history had not effect on urinary Ni concentrations (low correlation). In electroplaters were observed relatively high correlation between personal air and urinary Ni concentration (R=0.5053, P<0.001) and low relationship in polishers. On the other hand, the level of the urinary Ni concentration determined in all of the subjects was more than that one expected in the electroplating workshop. Discussion: Altogether and taking into consideration the low concentrations of pollutant (Ni) in stationary and personal air in this electroplating workshop regarding threshold limit value recommended (100µg/m3) there is still the risk of exposure to pollutant in this factory which the data of Ni concentration in urine of the workers definitely reflect this matter. This study concluded that the workers in this factory could exposure to the Ni compounds by other than air, including by skin and by digestion it which would be appeared in their urine.  

History and Aims: Brucellosis is a common disease between animal and human. Side effects of brucellosis treatment regime need to find new antimicrobial agents. Garlic has many compositions such as allicin. Allicin is the most important compound of garlic with antimicrobial activity. Material and Methods: In this study choloroformic extract of garlic was prepared and quantity of allicin calculated. MIC and MBC for two strains, B.melitensis Rev1 and B.abortus S19 calculated with both macrodilution and agar diffusion (agar well) methods. Results and Discussions: Results indicated that 1:160 dilution of extract (128 microgram per ml allicin) was MIC and 1:80 (218 microgram per ml allicin) was MBC for each strains Rev1 and S19.    

Introduction: Preterm Labor, which is defined from 22 to 37 weeks of pregnancy, is the cause of 75% of fetal Mortality and morbidity. The survivals carry the risk of cerebral palzy, visul and audio deficiencies and respiratory disease. The post neonatol cost is considerably higher than usual. The main aim of this study is to clarify the incidence and risk factors of preterm labor which intern can help to discover the ways of control its accordance. The impacts are to increase the health standards in the society. Patients and Methods: The type of study is cross sectional as the total number of preterm labor "within the periods of 1/10/78 to 30/3/79" is 257, therefore to study risk factor, 293 women were considered as control groups. The results show that lack of prenatal care, multifetal pregnancy, the history of infertility, use of ovulation induction, breech presentation, fetal growth restriction, history of preterm labor, PIH, oligo hydroamnious and hydroamnious, male gender, IUFD and low apgar have meaningfully relation with preterm labor. Finally it is concluded that preterm labor is multifactorial event. Knowing the risk factors, proper women cooperation and advancing their knowledge can decrease the rate of peterm labor.  

Introduction: P. T. S. D is a psychiatric (anxiety) disorder that may develop after a catastrophic stress. One of its symptoms is nightmares that usually is sever and impaired sleep. Some studies show increased activity of adrenergic system in this disorder. Also, some drugs such as clonidine, guanfacine and prazosin that decrease the activity of this system, decrease symptoms of PTSD, such as nightmares. In this study we compared the effects of clonidine and prazosin on nightmares of these patients. Method: On a dobule blinded clinical trial we studied two groups of inpatient PTSD by using clonidine or prazosin in each group for 8 weeks. Then we rate the frequency, deepness and severity of the nightmares. All of the patients were male, married and chronic form of disorder and those who abuser or addicted, psychotic disorders or had a medical problem for taking these drugs were not in the trial. Results: In both groups the average of nightmares severity reduced, and they were statistically significant (P<0.001), but the difference between two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Discussion: Prazosin and clonidine may be effective for treatment of nightmares of PTSD patient's but there are not significant differences between them.        

Noise-related hearing impairment has been diagnosed since the beginning of written history and studies have begun to find ways of protecting from noise and providing suitable treatment. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between noise-related hearing impairment of rabbit being exposed to continuous noise and its relation to glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in liver and blood. Animals well randomly divided into four groups: Groups 1, 2 and 3 exposed to continuous noise (8 h/day for 96 hours) respectively (SPL=110 dBA, 250Hz to 20KHz), (SPL=110 dBA, 250 Hz to 3540Hz) and group 4 (SPL=110dBA, 3540Hz to 20KHz) and group 4 (Control) Pre-exposure and after the noise ended, animals were anaesthetized. Then auditory Brain Stem response (ABR) and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) measurement were performed in animals before and after exposure to noise. Following audiometery, venous blood was obtained into tubes with heparin. Then rabbits were decapitated, liver samples were collected and used to measure levels of MDA and GSH in blood and liver samples. Comparisons among groups were used by one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). Differences at the level of P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Comparison of the auditory and biochemical parameters measured in treated groups with reduction in hearing threshold respecting control showed significant (P<0.05). This was associated with alternating in the balalce of preoxidant and antioxidant parameters.  

Adentonsillectomy is the most common surgery in childhood and pain is one of the problems after surgery, so the ability of eating and drinking reduced. The aim of this research was the effect of Dexamethasone injection before Adenotonsillectomy on the pain after the surgery. This research was done in the form of randomized clinical trial and double blind. 46 patients that had indication for Adenotonsillectomy selected and divided in to two groups. One group 30 minutes before surgery IV injected distilled water and in another group injected ./15mg/kg Dexamethasone. The questionnaire was completed in three sections, cause and indication of surgery, symptoms and pain after surgery and during the first 24 hours after surgery and follow up of patients during 7-10 days after surgery. The pain in the first 24 hours after surgery was recorded with scale of VAS (visual analog scale) in three times (8, 16 and 24 hours after surgery), and the mean of them was recorded us the pain value in the first 24 hours. For statistical analysis we used the T-Test and K2 and SPSS software. The 47.8% patients had mild pain, 36.9% had moderate pain and 15/2% had severed pain. In Dexamethasone group 65.2% had mild pain, 26% had moderate pain and 8.6% had severed pain. In control group 30.4% had mild pain, 47.8% had moderate pain and 21.7% had severed pain. There was meaningful statistical difference between 2 groups in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and appetite but there was not any difference in fever and trismus and the need for acetaminophen. This research showed that there was a meaningful relation between pain after surgery and the Dexamethasone injection in 2 groups of patients (p=0/007) and the injection of Dexamethasone before surgery caused pain reduction.    

Introduction: The card vascular disease is most common disorders and there is high mortality rate in cardiac disease. Drags and no drags the therapy can decries of cardiovascular problems. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study which is carried out in order to determine "The effect of Benson Relaxation and Premedication on homodynamic parameters in patients under coronary angiography", who had hospitalization in heart and post angio unit of Shahid Beheshti center of heart in Zanjan in 2003. 60 patients under angiography selected (Relaxation, Premedication and control group) for the purpose of this research. Data collection tools include: Two forms applied to record, homodynamic parameters in 8-12 hour and half hour after, during and before angiography and one questionnaire for record demographic data. Senson relaxation has been educated in group Relaxation, a day before angiography, then they was requested to carry on 2-3 times after coronary angiography, in group Premedication, patients had taken drugs of including Diazepam, Chlorpheniramine, Plasil and Hydrocortisone. In Control group, patients had taken only routine nursing cares. In three groups homodynamic parametes have measured in 8-12 hour and 0.5 hour after, during and before angiography. Results: According to the results analysis variance indicated that there was not a significant difference between Relaxation and Premedication in parameter homodynamic (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, Respiratory Rate, L.V.P pressure, end diastolic pressure, systolic and diastolic aorta pressure) (p>0.05).Therefore research hypothesis indicated that "compare group Relaxation and Premedication show equal changes homodynamic signs". Therefore proposed to be used Senson Relaxation instead of Premedication before invasive procedures.