Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2017 | Volume:25 | Issue:131 |Papers Count:11

Background and Objective: Computer and internet tools are necessary to facilitate the living of people today that had created risks. One of these risks can develop in the students' educational procrastination. This study aimed to discriminate normal students from those with educational procrastination based on internet addiction.Materials and Methods: The research method of this study was causal comparative. The population consisted of dormitory students studying at universities of Azerbaijan in the academic years 2015-2016 who according to Morgan table, 200 of them were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected from questionnaires for procrastination Solomon and Rasblvm and internet addiction. Data using cluster analysis and discriminant analysis were analyzed.Results: The results showed that the detection of the first cluster of students with high levels of valuation prepared for the exam, preparing assignments, preparation for addiction to internet articles that clustering students with high academic procrastination and called internet addiction. The second cluster includes students with lower levels of valuation prepared for the exam, preparing assignments, preparation for addiction to internet articles that clusters of students with low academic procrastination was called internet addiction. Detection function results showed that 81 cases (77.9%) of students with academic procrastination and 59 cases (61.5 percent) were diagnosed correctly as ordinary students.Conclusion: Educational procrastination and internet addiction are important factors that should be education; education students are considered with proper education and teach time management and effective use of the internet.

Background and Objective: Bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative cocobacilli bacterium and etiologic agent of whooping cough that in recent years, the number of its cases is on the rise. The ability of biofilm production helps this bacterium in interference with host immune system, severity of illness and antibiotic sensitivity. Thus, due to the importance of this factor, in this investigation, we tested the ability of Bordetella pertussis isolates in biofilm formation.Materials and Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from persons who suspected whooping cough from throughout of Iran from 2014 to 2016 and were transferred to pertussis reference laboratory in Pasteur Institute of Iran. The bacterium in question was isolated by culture so that finally we had 20 positive samples. At the end, we performed in vitro biofilm formation test for isolated strains.Results: All of the 20 clinical samples of Bordetella pertussis which in this study were examined could form biofilm and their final OD became between 0.606 and 1.212, the power of the biofilm made by them was intermediate. Conclusion: Findings of this study was similar to researches conducted by other researchers, which showed the ability of the strains of Bordetella pertussis to form biofilm and to create adverse effects on the host for example antibiotic resistance, illness severity, and so on. Thus, considering the importance of this issue, more and broader researches are needed in this area.

Background and Objective: Shoulder impingement syndrome is one of the most common causes of pain in shoulder joint. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week corrective exercises on shoulder pain and joint position sense in females with functional impingement syndrome.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 24 female students from Kerman Medical University were selected as subjects and randomly divided into experimental (12 persons) and control groups (12 persons). Shoulder pain and joint position sense was evaluated using Visual analog scale and photography (45 and 80 degree), respectively. The forward shoulder posture was also measured using a Double Square device. Finally, data analysis was performed using mixed repeated measure ANOVA test (p<0.05).Results: The results of this study showed there was a significant increase in joint position sense (p=0.04) and a significant decrease in pain (p=0.001) of experimental group after conducting exercises. The results also showed there was a significant difference between pain and joint position sense of experimental and control groups after exercises (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it seems that the corrective exercises protocol can be significantly effective on shoulder pain and joint position sense in individuals with functional impingement syndrome.

Background and objective: Wound infection usually appears on days fifth to eighth after a surgery. The most important clinical signs are: redness, increased pain, and swelling or warmth around infected area. An effective way to reduce an infection is use of surgical mask for reduction of bacterial drips splashing from one's mouth or nose. This study was done to compare the effect of masks and shield in incidence of wound surgical infectionMaterials and Methods: This study, which is considered as an observational study, was done to compare the role of surgical mask and face shields in a wound infection. A number of 807 individuals participated in this study. A group of 404 patients was under surgery with use of mask and 403 patients had no use of mask (shield group). In shield or no mask group, individuals under study were in access and in group of mask, individuals under study were selected the same as first group. The required information were also gathered from abservation and interview.Results: In patients who have been under surgery with face shield, infection was observed in 26 individuals (6.5%) and in patients under surgery with mask, 34 individuals had wound infections (8.4%). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.34).Conclution: According to this study, there was a 2% reduction of infection for the face shield comparing with use of mask but, this amount is negligible statistically. Therefore there is no privilege of using face shield to mask to prevent a surgical wound infection.

Background and Objective: Executive Functions, Memory and Attention has important roles in Learning, achievement and academic and job success. Studies have shown that computerized cognitive training in improving executive function, attention and memory are effective. The main purpose of this study was to determine effectiveness of computerized cognitive training on EF, memory and attention aspects in children of veterans were studying at university of Shahed.Materials and Methods: The design of this study was Quasi-experimental design with pre-posttest with a control group. 22 students from medical faculty of Shahed University was selected convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into two groups of experimental and control group. In pre-test IVA, CORSI and AHA tests, administrated for subjects, then computerized cognitive training program (Captain’s Log) was conducted in experimental group. After the intervention, in post-test IVA, CORSI and AHA administrated again. Results: the results from the study showed significant differences in the mean scores of pre-test and post-test in the experimental group. The Mancova analysis showed that captain’s log can effective in improving Memory, executive function and attention domains (p<0.01), however, Mancova analysis indicated that this practice cannot be effective for visual and auditory divided attention and executive control (p>0.05).Conclusion: the results of this study showed that computerized cognitive training could improve and enhance memory, EF and attention domains.

Background and Objective: Adult ADHD as an important disorder is increasingly known, however, little attention has taken for its side effects on students. The aim of this study was to investigate risk behaviors and suicidal ideas in students with ADHD symptom. Materials and Methods: The study method was causal-comparative and study population included Shahid Beheshti University students in the academic year 94-95. Of this population, 300 students were selected by convenience sampling and then received satisfactory explanations for participate in this study and completed Conner’s Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity diagnostic questionnaires. To analyze the data, independent t-test was used.Results: Findings showed that students with ADHD symptoms as compared to students without ADHD, significantly report risk behaviors (p<0.05) and suicidal thoughts (p<0.05) at a higher rate.Conclusion: Due to the high suicidal thoughts and risk behaviors in students with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, according to the screening, diagnosis and treatment of these students seems necessary.

Background and Objective: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can differentiate in vitro into spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes and produce a model to investigate the early developmental stages of this system. After removing of cells from their feeder layer, hESCs create embryoid bodies (EB). Plating of EB results in developing areas of beating cells. In the present study, cardiomyocyte gene expression time-points during heart development was investigated.Materials and Methods: After stem cell culture, cardiomyocyte’s mRNA was extracted in different time-points after differentiation. The expression pattern of candidate genes CD-34, OCT-4, Brachyury, Alpha-cardiac actin, FLK1 (Vegfr- 2/KDR), ANF, MLC-2a, and MLC-2v was analyzed in human EB (hEB) by RT-PCR. Results: There was an enhanced expression of CD-34 from day 21 in EB in suspension. The OCT-4 gene expression was in 5-day-old EB and Brachyury expression was significantly increased by day 21. There was an enhanced expression of as Alpha-cardiac actin from day 10 in EB in suspension. The FLK1 (Vegfr-2/KDR) gene expression was first specified in 4-day-old EB and was significantly increased by day 14. There was an enhanced expression of MLC-2a and MLC-2v from day 20 and ANF by day 45 in EB in suspension.Conclusion: hESCs might be useful as an effective model system for understanding the developmental processes and functioning of the human heart.

Background and Objective: Personal intelligence and body intelligence are the most effective factors on the symptoms of body dysmorphia and can have a basic role for the decrease of cosmetic surgery. This research was performed to compare the effectiveness of personal intelligence and body intelligence training on the symptoms of body dysmorphia in cosmetic surgery applicants. Materials and Methods: This research was an experimental with pre-test, posttest and follow-up. Statistical sample of the present study included 48 applicants who referred to Tabriz cosmetic surgery centers in 2016. They randomly assigned to personal intelligence, body intelligence training groups and control groups. Mayer’s personal intelligence, Anderson’s body intelligence and Rabiei’s body dysmorphic questionnaires were used for data collection. The data was analyzed by mixed ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni analysis with SPSS-22 software. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Personal intelligence and body intelligence training had significant effects to decreasing the body dysmorphia and aspect of body dysmorphia in cosmetic surgery applicants. But difference effectiveness of these interventions was not significant to treatment of the body dysmorphia and aspect of body dysmorphia in cosmetic surgery applicants.Conclusion: According to the effectiveness of personal and body intelligence training to decreasing the body dysmorphia in the cosmetic surgery applicants, it seems that personal and body intelligence training reduces the cosmetic surgery tendency in applicants.

Background and Objective: Nurses working in psychiatrics and physical units are at risk of being compromised regarding happiness and mental health. The purpose of this study was to compare the mental health and happiness among nurses of psychiatric and physical wards.Materials and Methods: The method of this study was causal-comparative. The population of this study included all nurses of psychiatric and physical wards in Ardabil city in the year 2015. From this population, 100 nurses (50 nurses of psychiatric ward and 50 nurses of normal physical ward) were selected as sample by using available sampling method. The tools used were Mental health (GHQ) questionnaire and Happiness Oxford questionnaire. Data analyzed using multivariate analyzed of variance. Results: The finding showed that there were significant differences between the two groups with positive correlation between mental health and happiness (p<0.01). Specifically, the amount of mental health and happiness of nurses in physical ward was more than that of nurses of psychiatric ward (p<0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the service to patients affects the psychological characteristics of their nurses, that is, nurses of psychiatric wards have less mental health and happiness as compared to nurses of normal physical wards.