Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2011 | Volume:18 | Issue:91 (SPECIAL EDITION ON MEDICAL SCIENCES ARTICLES)|Papers Count:9

Background and Objective: Lipoarabinomannan mannesylated (Man-LAm) is one of the lipoglycans which forms a considerable percent of Mycobacterium Bovis BCG’ cellular wall. Considering that generation of monoclonal antibody against Man-LAM antigen has many applications, specifically, in order to design the diagnostic kit for rapid diagnosing of tuberculosis, so the main objective of this study was based on production of monoclonal antibody against this antigen.Materials and Methods: The female BALB/c mice were immunized by regular injections of sonicated BCG and LAM antigen, then after each injection, circulation of generated antibodies were investigated. Spleen lymphocytes of immunized mice and SP2/0 myeloma cells were fused into each other. The cells were selected by HAT medium. Identification and selection of anti-LAM antigen producing clones were performed using ELISA test. After purification of anti-ManLAM, detection of ManLAM antigen and sonicated BCG carried out by western blot technique.Results: The two H1-3D3, H2-3B9 clones, producing specified antibody were selected which had higher absorbance in ELISA test. The results of Western blotting showed that 30KDa band was related to sonicated BCG and ManLam antigen, using IgG3 IgM antibodies.Conclusion: The results indicated that using the fusion of hybridoma myeloma cells, it is possible to produce and purify monoclonal antibodies, and before performing diagnostic studies in order to have rapid diagnosing of tuberculosis in patient`s urine, and investigations for immunizing the BCG vaccine, conformation of specified reaction of mentioned antibody will be considered.

Background and Objective: The victims of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) might become prone to mental disorder. ‎The aim of this study was to compare CT scan findings and clinical characteristics in patients with and ‎without mental disorders following traumatic brain injury.Materials and Methods: Overall, 238 patients (43 females and 195 males) with TBI in the form of a descriptive-longitudinal study were chosen by nonprobability and consecutive sampling procedure and each of them were under neurosurgical examinations and psychological evaluations. After 4 months of follow-up‎, 65.1% (155 cases) of patients referred to a psychiatrist to determine the nature of mental disorder due to TBI, using a structured clinical interview, based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria.Results: CT- findings showed significant differences between two groups of patients with and without mental disorders four months after TBI, regarding variables for skull fracture (p<0.03) and the occurrence of any subcranial damage(p<0.003). Moreover, in the area of clinical characteristics between these two, variables of TBI severity (p<0.01), level of consciousness (p<0.001), duration of loss of consciousness (p<0.003), duration and severity of post traumatic amnesia (p<0.01), general disability resulting from trauma (p<0.02) a significant difference was found out. However, the demographic variables did not appear significant.Conclusion: Based on these results, it is suggested, when patients with brain or subcranial damage are accepting in the section of neurosurgery, they should be cared enough for at least a four-month period after TBI for presentation, psychological assessments and management of mental disorder.

Background and Objective: Utilization of plants as antioxidants in food processing is a hope for substitution of synthetic antioxidants. Biological properties of Saturejasahendica Bornm. essential oils have not been studied yet.Materials and Methods: Ferrous ion chelating, nitric oxide radical scavenging and cytotoxicity of S. sahendica and commercial Satureja essential oils were studied.Results: Chelating reaction was dose dependent with an IC50 of 750 and 190 mg in S sahendica and the commercial oils respectively. S.sahendica oil with 39.5 fold flavonoid content exhibited nitric oxide radical scavenging with an IC50 of 6 and 195 mg in S sahendica and the commercial oils respectively. The total phenolics of Satureja sahendica and the commercial Satureja were 170.5 ± 8.53 and 23.83 ± 2.24 mg Gallic acid equivalent per mg sample. The concentrations from S. sahendica and commercial satureja oils required to exert 50% fatal effect (IC50) on healthy human normal lymphocytes and Hela cells were 253.66, 1490, 0.19, and 1.09 mg respectively.Conclusion: The results indicate nutritional value of these plants in preventing formation of toxic reactive oxygen species and that Satureja, as a good antioxidant, can directly scavenge NO and O2−. With a view to cancerous cells killing properties of the oils at their lower concentrations, one may conclude applicability of these oils in combating cancerous cells without having a adverse effect on normal healthy cells.

Background and Objective: The Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Revised (GMFCS E&R) has been widely utilized for objective classification of gross motor function of patients with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter rater reliability of Persian version of GMFCS E&R in patients with CP.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive analytic study, carried out in Tehran on 202 children with CP (95 girls, 107 boys), (SD =0.5). At first, patients with CP were classified by researcher, and then five occupational therapists were asked to classify patients with CP in different levels of GMFCS E&R, at least one hour, up to one week. The result of each tester was evaluated and adapted with researcher. Data analysis was performed using non-parametric McNemar and Cochran tests.Results: The Cochran test was used for determining inter rater reliability of Persian version GMFCS E&R and it showed p< 0.05 for the total score and showed no difference between testers, so there is high repeatability of GMFCS E&R.Conclusion: The Persian version of GMFCS E&R is a reliable classification system to classify patients with CP by medical and rehabilitation professionals.

Background and Objective: Determining adequate model and estimation of target dose with high precision is a key goal in dose-response studies. MCPMod is a new method that used for model selection and estimation of target doses and unlike other methods it does not have any limitation. In this method, selection of models has performed by hypothesis testing; also increasing responses that are a critical assumption, is assumed in MCPMod method. The purpose of this study is determining of good models by MCPMod method and estimation of the median and maximum effective dose of antispasmodic medicine.Materials and Methods: Seventy piggy were surveyed in seven groups (n=10) and one dose was studied in each group. We used Tm statistic for model selection and logistic, log-linear, linear, exponential and Emax models were used for data analysis. Then, for estimation of median and maximum effective dose, we used the method of MCPMod method and R software was used for data analysis.Results: In all of the models, hypothesis tests were significant (p<0.001). Emax model had the maximum Tm (Tm=10.21). Median and maximum effective dose were estimated 17*10-5 and 0.007 respectively.Conclusion: In addition to flexibility of MCPMod method, it seems this method is efficient for model selection and estimation of target doses in dose-response studies.

Background and Objective: DOMS is commonly experienced following novel physical exercise, especially with eccentric exercises. The main aim of this research was the study of ultrasound influence on DOMS indicators.Materials and Methods: Twenty male students (age: 21±2 years, height: 167±3 cm, weight: 67±16 kg) who did not take physical exercise and have no record about DOMS for the last six months, voluntarily took part in this investigation. Ten subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups (experimental and control groups). The program of physical activity for creating DOMS including bench step-testing for fifteen minutes was applied. Dependent variables (pain and creatine kinase (CK)) were assessed at baseline, 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey and independent t-test (p<0.05) were used for data analysis.Results: The significant difference occurred between pain and ck of experimental and control groups (p< 0.05).Conclusion: According to results, ultrasound has positive effects on DOMS indicators. Finally; this results showed that ultrasound usage may be an effective method for DOMS treatment.

Background and Objective: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive impairment in immature brain which hemiplegic kind of it referred to more impairment in one side of the body. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of treatment environment on results of the modified constraint-induced movement therapy in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.Materials and Methods: In this single blinded, randomized controlled trial, hand function of 10 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy in a simple random sampling of Ahvaz city was measured in 2 equal groups in 2010. Treatment protocol consists of constraint-induced movement therapy for 3-week by an occupational therapist in 2 environment (home and clinic). Measures were conducted pre and post and 1 month after the treatment period by Pediatrics Motor Activity Log and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor proficiency. Sample randomization and data analysis by analysis of variance with repeated measures were conducted by SPSS-16 software with alpha level set at 0.05.Results: All subjects exhibited significant improvement (p<0.05) in post treatment measures (speed and dexterity mean change: home group from 0.60±0.32 to 1.50±0.26 and clinic group from 0.52±0.38 to 1.52±0.24) except subtest upper limb coordination. At follow up, improvement in both groups sustained but home group exhibited significantly continued (p<0.05) and higher improvement than clinic group (mean change from 1.50±0.26 to 2.10±0.16).Conclusion: Modified constraint-induced movement therapy appears to improve hand function. More improved performance in home group, places the practice in natural context as preference method for treatment of children with cerebral palsy.

Background and Objective: Agouti related protein (AGRP) is an orexigenic peptide and found to be secreted from hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and has important role in appetite and food intake. It has been shown that AGRP has an important role in weight control and plasma levels of this peptide increases in fatness and starvation. The aim of this study was; studding the effect of 8 weeks of circuit training on lymphocyte AGRP gene expression in well trained wrestlers.Materials and Methods: Ten well trained wrestlers volunteered to this research and conducted 8 weeks of wrestling based circuit training, according to researchers recommended protocol. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the first and after the last sessions of training. After lymphocyte separation, lymphocyte AGRP gene expression was evaluated with semi quantitative RT-PCR method.Results: Circuit training significantly increased AGRP mRNA lymphocyte expression (P<0.001).Conclusion: It seems that increase in lymphocyte AGRP expression is accordant with increase in its expression in hypothalamus in response to negative energy balance induced by training to increase in appetite and compensation of body energy sources.

Background and Objective: The charter of patients’ rights has designed to support medical care to patients without any discrimination. It is very effective way for facilitation of patients and health care provider relationship. The aim of this study was to determine general practitioners’ awareness about charter of patients’ rights.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study. In this study, 351 general practitioners were selected by non-random sampling (converience) method and data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed with t-test, ANOVA and spearman correlation test. Statistical software was SPSS.Results: The mean age was 39.9±8.33 years and the proportion of males and females were 59% and 41% respectively. The findings indicated that physicians had a moderate level of awareness regarding charter of patients’ rights and significant correlation between knowledge score and job experience (p<0.01, r = 0.3).Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that general practitioners had inadequate knowledge about charter of patients’ rights and need special plans for solving that problem.