KOWSAR MEDICAL JOURNAL
Year:2010 | Volume:15 | Issue:1|Papers Count:13

Aims: In this study the protective effect of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) were compared against sulfur mustard (HD) on human skin fibroblast cells line HF2FF.Materials & Methods: The effects of HD (180 mM) and simultaneous or pre treatment with HMT (15 mM) and NAC (0.1 mM) on cell death and cell organelles were investigated using electronic microscope. Results: The HMT and NAC prevented cell death more than 50% and about 35%, respectively. EM observation revealed that HD caused destruction of cell membrane and organelles (mitochondria, lysosome, etc.) and cell necrosis signs. HMT caused an increase in normal cells with intact lysosomes, but the reticulum endoplasmic and Golgi bodies were partially vacuolated and the Struma of some mitochondria was lost. In NAC group mitochondria were concentrated. Cytoplasm was not normal and nuclear had some signs of vacuolization, but destruction was less than control and cell organelles such as Golgi bodies and lysosomes remained intact.Conclusion: HD induces the destructive effects immediately after exposure and pretreatment is the most effective way. Application of either HMT or NAC strongly prevents the cell death and the organelles changes. The protective effect of HMT against the cell death is higher than NAC’s.

Aims: In the present study, the effect of oral morphine consumption on hippocampus development in Wistar rat embryos of weight range of 250-300g was investigated.Materials & Methods: 12 pregnant Wistar rats with weight range of 250-300g were fed daily with 0.05 g morphine solution in water until day 19 of pregnancy. Then, pregnant rats went under surgery and the embryo was removed with the uterus and was fixed in formalin 10% for 60 days. Then, using some stages such as processing, cutting and staining, the samples were provided and evaluated using light microscope and MOTIC software.Results: Diameter of inner, middle and an outer layer of hippocampus reduced in the experimental group comparing to control group; while, the cell number increased in experimental group comparing to control group but their cell size was considerably reduced.Conclusion: Oral morphine consumption may delay hippocampus development in Wistar rat embryos, which it is seen in cell increment of this area to its different layers and layer diameter decrement of each layer.

Aims: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) occurs in both sporadic and hereditary forms. The important role of the RET proto-oncogene mutations in MTC development has been well demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of common mutations in exons 10 and 11 of RET proto-oncogene among Iranian patients with MTC and their family members.Methods: 76 MTC patients and 21 members of their families were selected voluntarily by call method and then were examined. Genomic DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood samples of participants according to “standard salting out/proteinase K” method and exons 10 and 11 of RET proto-oncogene were proliferated using PCR method. Then, PCR products were exposed to certain limiting enzyme and polymorphism pattern of parts length obtained from limiting enzyme operation on poly acrylic amide gel was analyzed. Results: By analysis of patterns obtained from RFLP, 13 mutations were detected in exons 10 and 11 of RET proto-oncogene, of which 8 mutations were related to the codon 634 (exon 11) and 5 mutations were related to codon 618 (exon 10). The number of mutations in patients was 12 cases and in their family members was one case.Conclusion: The prevalence of RET proto-oncogene mutations in exons 10 and 11 among Iranian MTC patients and their family members is relatively high (13.4%).

Aims: This study was performed to investigate the possibility of diagnosis of HIV-1 human serum infection and to differentiate the infected serum from healthy ones using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy along with Support Vector Machines (SVM) analysis as a rapid, cost-effective and non-destructive method. Materials & Methods: 35 HIV-1 infected serums and 15 healthy ones were selected and scanned within the range of 600-1100 nm using spectrophotometer device and their absorbance was obtained. The given results were then subjected to SVM for conducting the training phase and calibration process. After determination of training structure of SVM, absorbance data obtained from 21 HIV-1 infected and 20 uninfected serums at the same wavelength range were subjected to SVM as the unknown samples for test process and diagnosis of infection or the lack of it.Results: Among 21 infected unknown samples, 2 cases were diagnosed as uninfected and the rest were diagnosed as infected and from 20 uninfected unknown samples, only 1 case was diagnosed by SVM as infected. The sensitivity of the method was estimated 91% and its specificity was 95%.Conclusion: NIR-spectroscopy along with SVM analysis can be used as a pre-diagnostic method for detection of human serum infection with HIV-1.

Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease which causes high costs. Evaluation and reduction of effective factors are useful in the incidence and severity of clinical manifestation of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Heliobacter pylori serology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy individuals.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 159 persons who referred to rheumatology clinic of a hospital in Tehran were selected as participants of the study. The level of IgG, IgA and cytotoxin antibody depend on specific gene of Helicobacter pylori were evaluated in serum of individuals with ELISA test. Data were analyzed with independent sample T test and Levien test.Results: The average age of 91 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 42.5±1.14 and 68 patients of control group were 39±1.4. Anti IgA and IgG serum level in rheumatoid arthritis group were 36.27±3.05 and 27.26±2.05U/ml respectively and their difference was statistically significant (p=0.016). But there was no significant correlation between the serum level of the IgG and cytotoxin antibody depend to specific gene of Helicobacter pylori in participants of patients and control groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: IgA serum level of Helicobacter pylori was higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients comparing with healthy people.

Aims: Sleep apnea is defined as an intermittent cessation of airflow at the nose and mouth during sleep. Sleep apnea syndrome refers to a clinical disorder that arises from recurrent apneas during sleep. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of anatomical abnormalities of throat and nose in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Materials & Methods: The participants of the study were 62 patients dissatisfied with sleep disorders that referred to one of Tehran’s hospitals during 2008 who were referred to sleep lab by physician and the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea was confirmed for them after conducting the polysumnography. The researcher-made questionnaire of patients’ demographic information and risk factors of sleep apnea were completed. After collection, data was analyzed by SPSS 16, Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi-Square test. Results: There was no significant correlation between both male and female groups in terms of BMI (body mass index), neck circumference, nasal septum deviation, nasal turbinate hypertrophy, nasal polyps, overjet of upper jaw, retrognathia, macroglossia, lateral pharynx constriction, mallampati classification; but tonsillar hypertrophy was significantly higher in males (p=0.02).There was a significant correlation between severity of sleep apnea and nasal septum deviation, macroglossia and also mallampati classification (p<0.05).Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between both male and female groups in terms of BMI (body mass index), neck circumference, nasal septum deviation, nasal turbinate hypertrophy, nasal polyps, overjet of upper jaw, retrognathia, macroglossia, lateral pharynx constriction, mallampati classification; but tonsillar hypertrophy is significantly higher in males.

Aims: Etomidate is used for induction of anesthesia for cataract surgery. This study was conducted to compare the effect of using of Etomidate and Propofol as the anesthesia induction drug on intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in cataract surgery with Phaco technique.Materials & Methods: this study is a double blind randomized clinical trial. 60 patients who have referred to one of Tehran’s hospital were selected among the other patients who were candidate for cataract surgery with Phaco technique and were divided into two experimental and control groups. Etomidate was used for experimental group and Propofol was used for control group. Intra-ocular pressure and hemodynamic indices were measured and evaluated for both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS 14 software. Results: Changes’ mean of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) before and after the anesthesia induction in Etomidate group was 4.81±2.67 mmHg and in Propofol group was 3.73±2.20 mmHg, which did not show statistically significant difference (p>0.05). in Etomidate and Propofol groups, mean heart rate was (6.50±6.39 per minute and 12.13±7.65 per minute, respectively), mean of systolic blood pressure changes was (16.60±9.26 mmHg, vs. 40.66±16.64 mmHg, respectively) and mean of diastolic blood pressure changes was (6.33±7.32 mmHg, vs. 14.06±11.72 mmHg, respectively) before and after anesthesia induction, which showed significant difference (p<0.05).Conclusion: Etomidate is an effective drug for induction of anesthesia in cataract surgery without any clear clinical effect on intra-ocular pressure and patient’s hemodynamic status.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of conical biopsy of frozen cervix in patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, in order to investigate the lesion’s margin and to rule out invasive carcinoma.Materials & Methods: 20 patients of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, who all underwent conical biopsy of frozen cervix, were studied cross-sectional from March 2008 until September 2009 and the results of frozen biopsy were compared with permanent biopsies in them.Results: 15 cases (75%) had completely the same results for frozen and permanent biopsies. In 2 cases, the degree of CIN was lower, in the other two cases it was higher and in one case it was the same. Only one case was found in which the FSE result was CIN III and the result of the permanent sections was reported invasive carcinoma that was significant regarding its clinical effect. The comparison of these two results with the Paired Sample T-test showed no significant difference between these two groups (p=0.716); the results of these two methods were quite related to each other (r=0.716).Conclusions: Frozen section is highly valuable in evaluation of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in cervical biopsies and has considerable efficacy.

Amis: Osteoporosis is considered as a widespread problem for women, which causes bone fractures after simple trauma. In long term, exercise can reduce the risk of osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of walking program on bone mass density in prevention of bone loss and osteoporosis in obese and thin girls.Materials & Methods: 40 non-athlete obese and thin girls of Gilan University who were volunteered to participate in the study were randomly divided into four experimental and control groups. The measurements of bone mass density or BMD (hip and spine), body composition (weight, fat mass percentage, fat free mass) and blood variables (phosphorus, calcium, serum estrogen) were done before and after the intervention. Experimental groups performed an exercise program that included 30 minutes walking with heart rate intensity of 50 to 75%, 3 sessions per week for two months. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: bone mass density in both experimental groups slightly increased after two months. But this increase was not significant (p>0.05). Also no significant change was observed in blood factors of young girls comparing to basic value (p>0.05). But, walking program had significant effect on all components of body composition in obese and thin girls (p<0.05).Conclusion: long term and intensive walking program has positive effects on BMD and its effective factors in young girls.

Aims: The active form of vitamin D affects mineral homeostasis and bone metabolism. Stimulation effect of vitamin D in early pregnancy is effective for fetal-placental growth and development. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and initiation of labor.Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in Taleghani Hospital in Arak in 2008. 152 normal pregnant women were divided into two groups of having symptoms of labor initiation (76 cases) and without symptoms of labor initiation (76 cases). 25-hydroxy vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, phosphatase alkaline and magnesium of the blood were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U, linear logistic regression and student T test.Results: The mean level of 25-Hydroxy vitamin D in plasma of the labor group were more than the non-labor group (59.78±2.08 vs. 51.66±2.04 nmol/l p=0.006). The mean difference of parathyroid hormone was not significant between two groups. The mean differences of calcium, phosphorus, phosphatase alkaline and magnesium was not significant in the two groups, too.Conclusion: Considering the mean difference of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in two groups and lack of difference in the mean of parathyroid hormone, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and phosphatase alkaline in both groups, there is the possibility of the existence 25-hydroxy vitamin D’s effect at the initiation of the labor.