JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TEHRAN)
Year:2004 | Volume:53 | Issue:163-164|Papers Count:15

In this article after translation of "In the name of God" and in form of prose and poetry, the author tried to consider all previous records about that verse and study all literary views of shiit and sonni commentaries such as Jamaol Bayan of Tabari, Altebyan of Sheikh Toosi, Jamaol Bayan of Tabard, Kashshaf Zamakhshari and Aljameol Ahkam Al-Quran of Qartabi, Anvar Al-Tanzil of Qazi Biezavi, Alketab of Sibvay and etc, and compared these commentaries with each other.

Jalaloddin Abdolrahman Soyoti is one of the great scholar and writer of Mamluks dynasty and one of the leader of composeing and effective Islamic writers. the number of his works are more than 500 that are about different subjects of religious and literary matters. His books are in subjects such as commentary, Quranic sciences, tradition, religious Juris - pmdence,Arabic sciences(e.g.Lexicon,morphology,syntax,and rhetoric) and history, classified biography and fables. About 25 of his short stories have been left. His important works are ""AI - Dor - 0 - Al - Mansoor Fi Tafsir - bel - Masoor," Al - Etteqan Fi Dlumol Quran, Al - Jame - 01 Saqir Fi Hadis - 01 - Bashir - 01 - Nazir and etc. At the end of his life he secluded himself from teaching and Judgment and died at 911 H. Q. in Cairo at the age of sixty two.

The honourable of Quranic verse "Therefore give good news to my servents, those who listen to the word, then follow the best of it" has pretense of eloquents and scholars and has been used according to the various situation. Since the hest way" of reaching to the Quranic realities is thinking about it, so the "best word and following it" has been studied according to the Quranic method. As a result we receive to a new and different interpretation toward the famous contemporaries and it shows the value and the importance of thinking and its role.

The ever - going and additive expansion of science and communication in the cu"ent age, the necessityfor countries to make mutual relationships,and the significance of transferringhuman heritage from one nation to another have increasingly highlighted the importance of the process of translation. Cu"ently, there is common agreementon the concept of translation as a "technical Skill" whose principles and norms should be compiled and taught to the audience. Considering the ancient ties between the Arabic and Persian languages as well as the close links between the Arab world and the Iranian, the urgency to translatefrom Arabic to Persianor vice versa is quite noticeable. Since one of the most important and troublesome steps in translation, which has attracted a lot of attention among translators, if .finding equivalents, accordingly, here, attempts are made to provide practical guidelines for translation of Arabic terms into persian. Among these guidlines, there exist the effort to find the relationhips between literal meaning and idiomatic meaning, concretemeanbJgand figurative meaning, the idiomatic meanbzgand actual meaning of terms on the hand and paying attention to the context of sentence and situational parameters on the other hand.

During the 20th and late 19th centuries, a great number of Arabs from syria, Lebenan and Palestine, looking for better living standards and getting rid of various social and intelectual problems and crises in their home countries emigrated to different countries in South and North America. These countries are called "Mahjar" (Land of immigration or land of immigrants) and the kind of Arabic literature developed in these lands is call{!d "the literature of immigrants". The most famous personalities of these people include "Djobran Khali/- Djobran", "Ilia Abu Mazi, Michael Naeemeh)"Amin- AL- Reihani" a!ld Rashid Ayyoub and ...Emigrant literary critics, through establishing literal assemblies as well as issuing literal newspapers and joumals helped and improved the intelectual movements which were began long times ago in the Arab countries. Aslo, they tried. to propagate and disseminate their feeling, affections, willings and ideals through this context. The emigrant poets in disseminating romantic attitudes played very deep and vast roles. Being affected by the existing romantisism in America, the resisted against the traditions of Arabic poetry and the old classism. Literary works of the emigrant critic writers differ from the classic works (classism) from different aspects including "topic", "stmcture" and "the spirit of poetry" due to the long effects of European and American literatures on them as well as their own new imaginative and affective aspects. This paper looks at "the migration of Arabic conterrnporary poetry to the American continent", using comparative- literature approach with the aim of illustrating, some aspects of the effects of the Western- contemporaryliterature on the Arabic contermporaryliterature through emigration phenomenon.

Ghudama is the criticwho made a great change in the Arabic literary criticism.It is said that Arabic criticismwas based.on taste and interest before him, the poetry was based on taste and it was critisised tastefully, because their life was based on taste and interest,so it is natural that there was not a creterionand a scale in their criticism. But he chose the way which was the imitation of the Aristotle"s method, so the dominance of logic and Philosophy was cleared in his thought and it seems that this way is the first scientific effort for companning the fundemetal of logic and science upon poetry and Arabic literature. According to this, he has fettered his scientific though in all of the "NAGHD AL SHER"S" chapters and tried to bring the original and scientific work by going a correctway.

This article treats with the linguistic meaning of world "omm" or "mother" in koran and in Arabic dictionaries. This study compares this word in the Semetic languages too. This article treats with tree form of omm. This article also studies different form of this word; noun, verb, etc. in Arabic grammar. This study speaks about biliteral words in semetic languages and tries to show that these languages desire to tripartite words and change of this words of biliteral word to tripartite word. Arabic language made very sumame (or KUllyat) of "omm" for humans or things or animals. This word (omm) was widden in Arabic language. This article studies all of these subjects.

Conjugation, the paradigm of every lexical item, occupies a significant place in Arab literature.Arabic has extendedto its present statusas a result of all the variousparadigmsprovided by the specialists of thefield. In thefirst half of the century (ITijriX Aim Othman Mazani published a book on conjugation which initiated the fllovenlent ot" . writing on conjugation until the 715 century (IIijri) when Ibn Hajib published his book of Al - Shafiyeh - Fi - Tasrif. a hook highly recognized by different scholars. In coming years many books with more or less the same content werepublished to further elaborate his views on conjugation. Among all these books, that of Radzi - Al - Din Astarahadi "s has gained a lot of attention. The present article attempts to provide a brief history of conjugation as well as reviewing Shatiyeh and its elaborations.

This article is an analytic study of a kind of termS in Arabic syntax. This kind of terms is called «origin» and «semi». These terms are often used separately but they participate and differ each others in many sides. By adopting the use resources and meanings of the mentioned tenns in this article, the author tried to discover the reasons of using these terms by grammarians also he refered to its position in Arabic syntax. The most important of these terms that we Clln refer to are «Sentence and semi sentence», «adverb and semi adverb», «verb and semi verb».

Ibn HanI, like other Arab poets, has been influenced by Quranic versesalthough he preservedArabic poems, historiesand information. He invoked to Quranic verses in his poems and reminded the rightfulnessand inocence.He was a courtierpoets and eulogist who eulogizedthe caliphssuch asAl -MoezoddinAllah and like otherpoets, eulogyis the most part of his Divan. His view toward eulogydifferfrom the other eulogists.By discribingwarsand eulogizingobjects of prise he expressedthe virtues and good qualities of the prophet families (A.S.) verybeutifully, eloquently,clearlyand without any ambiguity. In this article the author tried to state the biographyof the poet and show the literarymen"s viewpointsabout him, his poetic motivations and the verses that he used in his poems and his opinion about the family of prophet (A.S.)

Salah Abdalsabur is one of the famous Arabic poets. He was bom in a Zaghaghig village in Egypt in 1931 and his death was in 1981. He wrote in modem language. His poems are full of grief and sorrow. Because he was sad for Arab"s problem especially for the poverty, in fact he was reckoned as a reformist in Arabic society. His famous worke is a play about Mansoor Hallag. He believes that Hallage was one who was pleads for justice but the caliph killed him tyranically and unjust.

This article has a critical and Psychologicalglance to Ibnu , L-Rumi"s Life. He was bom in 836 A.D.= 221 A.H., at Baghdad, and died there in 896 A.D.=283 A.H. His name is Ali Ibn Abbas Ibn Gregoirus. The poet descendedfrom two races, Persian and Roman. His fore father was Roman, and his mother was Hasnah, the daughter of Abdollah from Sagestan or Sistan. In this article we will review the principle viewes belong to the literary and professional life Ibnu "1 - Rumi. We also"criticise the accounts that have already found in old and new Sources. At the end, with psychological analysis we have proved that Ibnu "L-Rumias a greatpoet in thirdcentury,and againstto the numerouse unreal accounts about his psychological disease, in literary and historical Sources, he was an elegant and accomplished artist and sane personality.

In the idolatry age, the saracen poet was drowned in the environmentaldesertand nature. The naturefilled his soul, spiritand all his existence and busied his thought, affection and imagination, therefore the idolatry literature, which is the fruit of his thought, imagination and affection, has the colour of the desert. Therefore,the writingthat you have in hands is called: "Naturalphenomena in the divan of Aswad ben Yacfur"So that it demanslratespoet"s intelligence and present mind and pictures his subtle sentment and precise awareness.

Madam Meyziadah" a poet and a deep in thought learned woman, is among the incomparable geniuses in the field of contemporary Arab literature. She was born in Nasereh, the Palestine, and moved to Beintt, Lebenon, to continue her studies. She grew up in Egypt and many great poets, literary critics and learned men and women felt proud to have relations with her. Having given a lecture at the American university of Beintt, Professor Salim Heidar said about her: She will be an everlasting smile on the face of the east". Although she resembles Forough farrokh zad to some extent, she doen"t have a complete counter part in the Persian literature. so, she is not a well-known figure among the Iranians. Her Poem"s outstanding features include familiarity with the sufferings, relation with the nature, inclination toward freedom and the unknownd etc. in terms of romanticism. She moves toward an absolute perfection and thinks about discussed in this article.