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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Author(s): 

AHMADI FARAJ ELAH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    59
  • Issue: 

    185
  • Pages: 

    1-21
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    628
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The first Industrial Revolution in the mid-Eighteenth century contributed to the cumulative growth of industrial products in Britain and the country increasingly getting access to its colonies, thus turning Britain into the world powerful industrial pole in the first half of the nineteenth century. Like before, in the second half of the same century, this country managed to expand its power through utilizing its industrial potentiality. It was then that the technology of (tele) communication; an accomplishment of the second Industrial Revolution, provided Britain with the maximal possibility of expanding its political and economic power as well as surpassing the other European rivals in the arena of international rivalry. The present article discusses how the Red Sea Submarine Cable was initiated and how important it was in (the maintenance of) Britain’s colonial policy in the East.

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Author(s): 

EMAMI KHOUEI M.T.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    59
  • Issue: 

    185
  • Pages: 

    23-35
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2653
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The present article discusses the issue of murdering the members of the royal family who had the power and influence to threaten the sultan’s or the heir to the throne’s power. Due to the crisis of succession, by which all hereditary governments are affected, politically-driven murders have always been the established order of such systems. The Ottoman Empire was not an exception to this rule, having this crisis to contend with. The present article attempts to explicate this issue through conducting a comparative study between the Ottoman Empire and the other empires of the medieval era; especially focusing on “the law of fratricide”, attributed to Sultan Muhammad the Victor.

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View 2653

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Author(s): 

HASANI ATA ELAH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    59
  • Issue: 

    185
  • Pages: 

    37-59
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    930
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The present article intends to study the function of a medium which was established after an emigration movement and lasted for fourteen years. The content analysis of the issues of the medium, called Shams, printed during the first two years of its establishment, reveals the constitutional tendencies of its owners as well as their attempts to reestablish and retrieve the constitutional government.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 930

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Author(s): 

HOSSEINI BEHESHTI S.A.R.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    59
  • Issue: 

    185
  • Pages: 

    61-80
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    941
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Individualism is the basis to the formation of the modern man’s identity in the West. But the modern perceptions about this concept have not been formed spontaneously, in the recent centuries, not having relied on any historical background. The present article attempts to investigate the historical origins of the formation of the concept of individualism, taking the approach of political agenda, and referring to the ontological origins of the concept in the medieval era. To this end, the article first explains the concept of individualism, as it is understood in the West. Then it considers the trend of evolution of the concept from the viewpoint of the historians of the medieval thought, evaluating the various viewpoints in this regard. The final part of the article describes the concept of accentuating the normal life in the modern era, as the most significant point of distinction, regarding the emphasis on the individual in comparison with the preceding era.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 941

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Author(s): 

KHEYR ANDISH A.A.R.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    59
  • Issue: 

    185
  • Pages: 

    81-98
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1290
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The Khwarazmids and the Salghurids (Atabaks of Fars), having risen from Khwarazm and Fars respectively, became connected to each other from the beginning of the seventh century A.H. despite their geographical distance, due to their conflicts in the central and the western Iranian plateau. Both governments were after these regions. Although this conflict resulted in a military opposition between the two governments, followed by the Khwarazmids’ involvement in the Mongol-waged wars, they were finally united as allies, due to their family links. As a result, during 620s A.H., at the time of Sultan Jalāl id-Din, the Salghurids were considered as the most important ally of the Khwarazmids against the Mongols. The Salghurids continued the Khwarazmids’ anti-Mongol policy, even after their ally was toppled by the Monglos.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 1290

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Author(s): 

ZARINKOUB R.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    59
  • Issue: 

    185
  • Pages: 

    99-112
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    1485
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Since the Iranian sources provide no information about the establishment of the Medes Confederation, carrying out a study on this issue is only possible through the non-Iranian sources; although these sources differ, regarding their antiquity, authenticity, the arguments provided, and the fashion of presenting the data. The works of the Greek historians, specifically those of Herodotus and Tacitus have been the focus of attention for long, having been mainly adduced by recent researchers. Despite the contemporary scholars’ tendency to adduce to the works of Herodotus more than any other historian, in order to reconstruct the Medes Confederation, it should be mentioned that the works of Herodotus must be adduced circumspectly. Therefore, the key to the proper understanding of the history of the Medes is the appropriate recognition of the sources, accompanied by a critical view towards them.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 1485

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Author(s): 

NASERI TAHERI A.A.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    59
  • Issue: 

    185
  • Pages: 

    113-128
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2200
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Andalusia or the Islamic part of the Iberian Peninsula experienced many vicissitudes during the eight hundred years of the Muslims’ reign over it; from the very beginning, following the formation of Christian defiance circles, the Muslims were continuously involved in clashes with the Christians.From the late fifth century A.H. (eleventh century A.D.) the Christians managed to gain control of a vast part of the Islamic Andalusia. This (gradual) fall, with its tragic final years, took place in a long process. In addition to the Christians’ reliance on  their historical memories regarding the relationship between Islam and Christianity, and their perseverance in achieving their goal, it was the Muslims’ social climate as well as their tribal struggles, having started from the very beginning of the establishment of their government in Andalusia, which snowballed the process of their fall.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

VOSOUGHI M.B.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    59
  • Issue: 

    185
  • Pages: 

    129-144
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    918
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The transfer of the mercantile centers of the Persian Gulf between the fifth and the eighth centuries A.H. is one of the significant events of the region. During this period, the world of Islam and the canals of the East underwent great changes. These events greatly affected the trend of sea mercantilism, and contributed to certain conditions. The rivalry between the Mediterranean Canal and the Persian Gulf Canal took a new form, which resulted in the declination of the Persian Gulf ports and therefore the domination of trade in the ports of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The present article discusses the trend of the transfer of the mercantile centers from the Eastern seas to the Western ones, between the fifth and the eighth centuries A.H.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 918

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