IRANIAN SOUTH MEDICAL JOURNAL (ISMJ)
Year:2003 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:15

Herpes Simplex Virus type -1 (HSV-1) of human causes important diseases in its hosts, Because of emerging of new strains of HSV-1 which are resistant to current antiviral drugs it is necessary to produce an effective vaccine. Different vaccines have been produced to prevent HSV-1 infections of which DNA vaccines are among suitable candidates. The aim of this project was to evaluate the immunogenicity of individual clones including pcDNA3-gD-1 and pcDNA3- gB-1, which carry gD-1 gene or gB-1 gene respectively. At the same time attempts were made to test the immunogenicity of combination of both clones. Three groups of susceptible BALB/c mice each including 10 mice were inoculated with either clone or combination of them separately. Three injections with 21-day intervals were given to each of mice. Blood samples were collected immediately before and 21 days after each injection and all blood samples were tested for HSV-1 neutralizing antibodies. At the same time 3 more groups of 10 BALB/c mice were used as controls of which one group was injected with standard HSV-1 strain of KOS (as positive control) and other groups received either empty plasmid or PBS and used as negative controls. Twenty - one days after last injections all test and control mice were challenged with 1.65 MLD50 of wild – type HSV-1. Results of virus neutralization test and resistance to challenge of each group were compared. Based on data obtained from this project it was shown that each of clones or combination of them were able to induce protective immunity in the test animals against wild-type of HSV-1. The level of HSV-1 antibody reached its highest level after third injection whereas, mice receiving combined clones showed higher level of neutralizing antibody than the other test groups. No neutralizing antibody was produced in negative control mice and their resistance to challenge virus was much less than that of the test groups or positive control.

Extensive evidence indicates that the Accumbens Nucleus (AN) probably involved in emotional memory. The present work investigated possible of AN involvement on acquisition and consolidation memory in passive avoidance learning (PAL) task. This is experimental research and during that Albino male Wistar rats (n=80) were surgically implanted bilaterally with cannulae aimed at the A were trained to PAL task. They received one trial PAL (1 ma 1.5 s) foot shock. Retention was tested 2 days after training. Lidocaine 2% (0.6 ml/side ) 20 min before of training for assessment of acquisition and Tetrodotoxine (5ng/0.6ml/side)immediately, 60 and 120 min after training for assessment of consolidation were used to temporarily inactivate the AN. Control rats were injected with the same volume of saline. The data indicate that bilateral inactivation of AN immediately and 60 min after training significantly impaired consolidation of memory (P<0.01).But inactivation of AN 20 min before of training and 120 min after training had no significantly effect (P>0.05). These results suggest that A make contribution and involvement of long term memory and may be more important to the consolidation (time dependent) of memory for the PAL.

Determination of the obturator nerve distribution pattern is essential in reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation. To reveal pathway and branching of the nerve, 64 fixed cadavers in Bushehr and Tehran University of Medical Sciences were evaluated. In all cases, the obturator nerve arised from the anteriorbranches of the 2nd-4th lumbar nerves and passed through the medial side of psoas muscle to pelvis and in obturator grove divided to anterior and posterior branches; the anterior division passed over the external obturator muscle. The skin of the medial side of thigh in 3.12% of cases was innervated by a direct branch of anterior branch. The posterior division of obturator nerve passed over the external obturator muscle in 3.12% and passed through it in 96.88% of cases. The articular branch for knee joint passed through the distal part of adductor Magnus muscle in 82.8% and through the Hunter channel along with femoral artery in 17.2% of cases. Therefore, the distribution pattern of obturator nerve is accordant with the other researches except for adductor brevis muscle which was innervated only by the anterior branch of obturator nerve.

In tropical regions of Iran, scorpion's envenomation is counted one of the most important medical difficulties. Without information or attention to fauna and activity seasonal in a zone, adopting alike prophylacticor control methods to various species of scorpions, in more cases are unsuccessful. According to the kind of habitat of digging and non-digging scorpions, for scorpions collecting, probable refuges were searched by two methods daily searching and DV lamp at night in various zones of Abomosa, Great & Small Tonbs and Hengam Islands. The Scorpions were transferred to the laboratory and were identified and appointed their sex ratio. In this study, 311 and 134 scorpions were collected form Abumosa and Great Tonb, respectively and all of them were classified as Buthotus jayakari. In our study we couldn't find any scorpion. In Hengam island 155 scorpions were collected, that 134 and 21 scorpions respectively were belong to B.jayakari and Mesobuthus eupeus species. In conclusion B. jayakari and M. eupeus is scorpion fauna in the Persian Gulf Islands.

Fluconazole is one of the triazole antifungal agents for Candida albican. For comparison of single versus sequential dose of fluconazole, a double-blind randomized clinical trial was counducted on 80 married 20-45 years old women who had chronic vaginal candidiasis. The patients randomized into two groups, 40 patients received two ( zero and 72 hours) doses of fluconazole and the other group received one 150mg dose of the drug at zero and placebo at 72 hours later. The patients were examined at 2 & 6 weeks after treatment. The groups showed decreased signs and symptoms of vaginal candidiasis during examination periods, however there was no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). Wet mount & culture were negative in the 2nd week in two groups but at the 6th week after treatment, 95.3% and 72.5% of patients in control and case groups, respectively had negative results (p<0.05). Therefore, single and sequential doses of fluconazole have the same result for treatment of vaginal candidiasis but sequential dose reduces the relapse rate of the disease.

Separation of children from their parents at the time of transfer to operating room commonly causes severe anxiety which can induce undesired physiologic and psychologic Sequalea. For the purpose of sedation different pharmacologic and non pharmacological methods have been used. In the present study in order to achieve this object clonidine, a a2 agonist had been used because of its easy availability tastelessness and oral route of usage. 105 children aged 4-8 with ASA: I, candidate of elective operations were selected and randomly divided into three groups of 35 patients each; the control, the clonidine-2 and the clonidine-4. 90 minutes before the expected time of transfer to operation room, 1ml/kg apple juice containing no drugs (control), clonidine 2mg/kg (clonidine-2) or clonidine 4mg/kg (clonidine-4) were given to the children. The state of sedation before premedication, at 30th, 60th and 90th minutes after premedicaiton, at the time of separation from the parents and anesthesia induction were evaluated. Also discharge readiness time was recorded. Comparison of sedation state showed that oral clonidine (in doses 2mg/kg or 4mg/kg) improved sedation and 90 minutes after usage only 12.5% of the control group patients, as compared with, 78.3% of the clonidine-2 and 90.5% of the clonidine-4 were drowsy (P<0.001). At the time of separation from the parents, 31.4% of the patients from the clonidine-2 and 42.9% of the clonidine-4 were sleepy-calm. But in the control group no patients had such sedation, but instead 77.1% were combative-crying (P<0.001) In the operating room, 18 patients of the control group were combative-crying, but 22 children of the clonidin-2 and 19 of the clonidine-4 were slightly afraid and could be calmed easily (P<0.001). Discharge readiness time was not different for the three groups (P=0.0864). No statistical differences were detected between clonidine-2 and clonidine-4 patients in any parameters. The effect of oral clonidine in significant and for this purpose we recommend the usage of clonidine 2mg/kg apple juice, 90 minutes before transfer to operation room.

Graded compressive sonography may be useful as an adjuvant in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. To determine the role of sonographyin the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis, preappendectomy sonographic data of 164 consecutive cases in Fatemeh-Zahra Teaching Hospital were evaluated. Of 113 (68.9%) patients who had acute appendicitis in histopathology, 64 (56.6%) cases had preoperative sonographic diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Of 51 patients who had normal; appendices, 40 (78.4%) cases had normal appendices in sonographic evaluations. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of sonography for acute appendicitis were 56.7%, 78.4% and 0.63, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 85.3% and 44.49%; respectively. As a result, sonographic evaluation is an additional diagnostic tool in acute appendicitis.

Cyclic pain associated with menses during ovulatory cycles, but without demonstrable lesions affecting the reproductive cycle, is a common disability, which causes significant absence from school or work. To evaluate the efficacy of naproxen, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid in the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal, 120 girls were randomized to four groups (three as treatment groups and the other as placebo). The pain intensity was recorded using self visual analogue scale in 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after treatment. There was no significant difference in intensity of pain between groups at zero time, however the intensity decreased treatment pain significantly In all group In comparison to placebo (p<0.05). The mean of pain intensity was lower in ibuprofen in comparison to the other treatment groups; however there was no significant difference in pain intensity between the treatment groups in the sixth hour of treatment. Therefore, ibuprofen is recommended as a treatment choice for pain reduction in primary dysmenorrheal due to its rapid onset of action.

Serum calcium and phosphorus levels are the important biochemical markers of bone in health and disease. The normal range of these bone biochemical markers belong to the populations with different racial and nutritional states. In order to determine normal range of these elements, fasting sera of 1463 (619 males and 749 females), 20-69 years old healthy subjects were evaluated using Selectra autoanalyser. The subjects had not disorder of bone and predisposing conditions for osteoporosis. The mean of serum calcium level was 9.26 mg/dl (CI: 95%, 9.22-9.31 mg/dl for females and 9.43- 9.54mg/dl for males). The mean of serum phosphorus level was 4.12 mg/dl (CI: 95%, 4.16- 4.24mg/dl for females and 3.97-4.07 for males). Therefore, calcium and phosphorus levels are in concordance to international standard normal range in Bushehr port.

Exercise and nutrition have a significant impact on health. To evaluate nutrient consumption pattern of soccer players in city of Shiraz, 323 players were selected by proportional multi-stage cluster random sampling from 11 clubs in Shiraz. Anthropometric indices, socioeconomic status, 24 hours dietary recall and food frequency data were collected. Protein, carbohydrate and fat intake of the players were 73.73gr (10.8%), 493.3gr (72.4%) and 50.8gr (16.7%), respectively. Calcium (689.6 mg), phosphorus (734.4 mg), iron (20.3 mg), vitamin B1 (2mg), vitamin B2 (1.6 mg), vitamin C (107.5mg) and vitamin A (962.4 mcg RE) intake were lower than the desirable levels. The mean energy consumption of the players was 2723 Kcal per day. In conclusion, protein and micronutrients intakes are not desirable in Iranian players in Shiraz.

The concept and problems of reproductive health is emerging as an essential need for health development. Focus group discussion was used to reveal the opinions of the parents, teachers, and students (mid and high schools) about educational needs in reproductive health. A series of 24 group discussions with participation of 162 persons (64 students, 50 teachers and 48 parents) was held. All the participants noted to a true need in education of puberty health in order to provide essentials for preadolescent students to adopt the psycho- and somatic changes of puberty. However, a few fathers and a group of mothers believed that education of family planning is not suitable for students. A need for education of AIDS and marital problems for students were the major concerns in all groups. The female students emphasized a need for programming counseling in pre-marital period. In conclusion, essentials in puberty health, family planning, AIDS and marital problems should be provided in mid- and high schools in order to narrow the knowledge gap of the students.

Cross over ordering of blood much in excess of actual or anticipated needs led to rising costs and transfusion associated morbidity. In order to reveal blood utilization, we evaluated blood ordering and transfusion practices in 437 cases in general surgery, obstetrics & gynecology, orthopedics, neurology and urology wards of different hospitals in Bushehr province using cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T ratio) and transfusion index (TI). The maximum (8.9) and minimum (1.2) ratios for C/T index were in obstetrics and gynecology and orthopedics wards, respectively. The maximum (1.85) and minimum (0.70) TI index were in orthopedics and obstetrics & gynecology wards, respectively. TI indices for general surgery and urology wards were 0.59 and 0.70, respectively. Therefore, blood ordering and transfusion practices in some wards of Bushehr hospitals, especially obstetrics and gynecology ward, should be reevaluated.