Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2011 | Volume:19 | Issue:1 (76)|Papers Count:17

Introduction: Thermocycling is used in most invitro studies to produce conditions similar to clinical studies, but results about the effect and number of thermocycling cycles have been different in different studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on microleakage of self and total etch bondings in class V resin composite restorations.Methods: A total of 80 anterior bovine teeth were collected and class V cavities were prepared with incisal and gingival margins in enamel and dentin. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, prompt L-pop (PLP) and in second group, singlebond (SB) was applied and restored with Z250 resin composite. Each group was divided to four subgroups with zero, 500, 1000, 2500 cycles of thermocycling at 5-55oc. Then the teeth were sealed and immersed in 50% silver nitrate followed by a developer solution for 16 hours. Microleakage rate was evaluated by stereomicroscope with 25x magnification. Data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.Results: Both SB and PLP groups showed microleakage. Statistical analysis showed significant difference between enamel and dentin margins of PLP group with 1000 cycles (p=0.02), 2500 (p=0.014) and in SB with 2500 cycles P=0.046). Statistical analysis showed significant difference in incisal and cervical margins of SB and PLP groups (p=0.013) (p=0.001).Conclusion: Microleakage was seen in self etch and total etch bondings with minimum 1000 and 2500 cycles.

Introduction: Group B Strepococcus (GBS) is one of the most important causes of neonatal infections including septicemia and meningitis. It also plays an important role in maternal infections such as chorioamnionitis, pyelonephritis, metritis and post partum infection. The present study was carried out to find the prevalence of GBS in pregnant women with 28 to 38 weeks gestational age.Methods: In this study, 100 pregnant women referring to the obstetrical clinic of Asalian Hospital in Khorramabad city in the third trimester of pregnancy (after explaining the study, getting informed consent and demographic information) were tested for GBS by taking a vaginal sample. The sample was taken by sterile cotton swab. The swabs were placed in transport media, transported to the central Lab, and were inoculated in blood agar. Then all samples were analyzed for the presence of GBS.Results: In this study, the prevalence of positive vaginal GBS culture in pregnant women was 14% (CI: 7.2-20.8%). No significant correlation were found between this positive culture and maternal age, gestational age, abortion status, diabetes mellitus and pregnancy induced hypertension, while a significant correlation was found between positive cultures and parity.Conclusion: As the colonization rate of GBS in pregnant women of Khorramabad is high, routine culturebased screening is recommended for all pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy.

Introdution: People with intellectual disability are similar to normal people with regards to their sexual needs. The aim of the present research was to compare sexual problems in mentally retarded and normal adolescents girls aged between 12–15 years in Tehran.Methods: This analaytical and cross- sectional research included 90 cases of EMR and 90 cases of normal girls who were chosen by the cluster random sampling method. The statistical tests included Independent ttest, Chi-square, Spearman and Pearson coefficient tests.Results: The result of the present research indicated that the sexual problems in the EMR Girls was more than normal girls and there was no correlation between the sexual problems and variable demography.Conclusion: EMR girls with low IQ and adjustment behavior disorder have more problems as compared to normal girls and these can lead to additional problems for themselves and their family.

Introduction: The prevalence of asthma and allergy has increased significantly over the last 30 years. Genetic factors cannot explain this prevalence and a number of studies have been performed to determine the Environmental factors especially dietary factors which are effective in the incidence of these diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the food consumption and the subsequent development of asthma and other allergic disorder symptoms in 2003 of children in yazd.Methods: We performed a Descriptive cross-sectional study of selected children in primary and secondary schools in Yazd. Standardized questionnaire (ISAAC) that was developed based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood were distributed to parents of 2768 children aged 6-7 years and 3201 children aged 13-14 years which randomly selected. The data was analyzed by Epi6.04 and SPSS software.Results: The prevalence of asthma, Allergic Rhinitis and Eczema symptoms in children 6-7 years old was 10.9%, 15.5% and 7.3% and in children 13-14 years old was 20.3%, 42.7% and 14.8% respectively. High intake of butter-fat, chocolate, sweet and Sausage were associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in children 6-7 years old. High intake of chocolate, Chips, eggs were associated with an increased risk of wheeze and in children 13-14 years old.Conclusion: Dietary factors are associated with asthma and allergies symptoms. Fast foods, chocolates, junk foods & sausage may increase wheezing and allergic rhinitis & eczema symptoms in childhood.

Introduction: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in 15 year old high school students of Yazd.Methods: A total of 295 boy students with mean age of 15 years±6 month in 2002 and 180 boy students in 2009 were selected randomly and after necessary examination, the obtained data was recorded and evaluated.Results: The overall mean DMFT was 4.8±3.13 and 11.5% of the subjects (34 cases) were caries free. 4.4% of the population had DMFT>10 and 6.92% of DMFT was due to extracted teeth. Meanwhile, 77.5% of the DMFT was due to decayed teeth. Also, the percentage of teeth with fillings was 15.53%. Of the total, 93.08% had all the teeth present in their mouth that is a little higher than the 2000 WHO criteria which is 85%.Conclusion: Preventive and therapeutic dentistry services in Yazd city are far from the standard levels and therefore the results of this study could be utilized for systematic planning of preventive and therapeutic affairs.

Introduction: The development and progress of computerized technologies has revolutionized radiology with digital imaging. The aim of this study is to compare Digital Radiography (DR) and Temporal Digital Subtraction (TDS) in detection of dentinal caries progression.Methods: 27carious teeth were placed in separate vials of sterile buffer solution after extraction.Three radiopaque restorations were placed in each tooth to aid in the alignment of successive radiographs. Each tooth was then mounted in poly methylmethacrylate and then incubated at 37oc in saliva buffer containing 5% glucose for 7 hours per day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks.Each day after the7hour incubation period, each tooth was washed with 25 ml of salivary buffer and placed in 50 ml of salivary buffer at 37oc until the next cycling day and the PH in the medium was maintained above 5. Digital radiographs were taken for each tooth on day 1 and then at week 2, 4, 6 and 8. The images were subtracted and results were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Statistical calculation showed a meaningful difference between the two methods. In other words, the progression of caries was more readily detected by the TDS technique such that during the first two weeks, diagnostic value of TDS was more than DR, but in the later stages, progression of caries was detected similarly by the two methods.Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that TDS is a more sensitive method for detecting change in tooth mineral content.

Introduction: The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Allium ursinum (AU) were investigated in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus, invitro.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into control, AU-treated control, diabetic glibenclamide-treated, and AU-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally administered (60 mg/Kg). AU-treated groups received AU mixed with standard pelleted food at a weight ratio of 1% for 2 months. Serum glucose and lipids levels were determined before the study and at the 4th and 8th week after the study.Results: Serum glucose was significantly lower in AU-treated diabetic rats at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks (p<0.005 and p<0.01 respectively) as compared to untreated diabetics. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol levels did not show a significant change in AU-treated diabetic rats as compared to untreated diabetics. On the other hand, LDL-cholesterol levels decreased in AU-treated diabetic group as compared to untreated diabetic group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Oral administration of AU has a significant hypoglycemic effect and in long term leads to decreased levels of serum LDL-cholesterol in diabetic rats.

Introduction: Seizure is one of the most common pediatric neurology problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of different kinds of food on seizures of epileptic children based on their mothers attitude and experience.Methods: In a descriptive- analytic study done at the pediatric neurology clinic of Shahid Sadoughi University, attitude and experience of mothers regarding the effect of different kinds of foods on children seizures was evaluated via a questionnaire.Results: A total of 148 mothers with ages ranging between 17-52 years (mean±SD: 31.6±6.6 years) were evaluated. Their children were 58.5% boys and 41.5% girls with age range of 1-19 years (mean±SD: 6.2±3.8 years).Eighty percent of mothers believed that different kinds of food affected the seizures and this belief was not related to their educational level, gender of child or state of seizure control. The most common kinds of food which triggered seizures based on mothers attitude were salty food and pickled vegetables and based on experience, they were cucumber and milk and. The most common kinds of food that caused decreasing in seizures frequency based on mothers attitude were coffee and cattle oil and based on experience, they were honey and sugar.Conclusion: In this study, majority of mothers believe that different kinds of food have an effect on the seizures in their children and it is necessary to educate epileptic patients about their diet after extraction and testing of effective materials of different kinds of food in animals and human models via further researches.

Introduction: Fertility regulation with plant preparations has been reported in ancient literature of indigenous systems of medicine. In this research the effects of alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium flowers on fertility indices, body weight and weight of reproductive organs was evaluated in male rats.Methods: 18 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; control, group A and group B, each group comprising of six rats. Animals in control group received 1 ml of distilled water (vehicle) and test groups (A and B) received graded doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium flowers on a daily basis for 50 days. At the end of 50 days of treatment period, fertility indices such as body and reproductive organs weight, sperm motility and count, fertility rate, epididymal sperm reserve (ESR), daily sperm production (DSP), blood testosterone concentration and fertility rate were measured.Results: There was a significant decrease in GSI (Testes weight/body weight ratio), epididymides weight, sperm count, ESR, DSP, blood testosterone concentration and fertility rate in both the lower dose group (0, p<0.05, 0, 0, p<0.05, p<0.05, and 0) and the higher dose group (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.5, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.05 as compared to the control group.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium flowers in higher doses could decrease fertility in male rats.

Introduction: Rotaviruses are one of the most important causes of severe viral gastroenteritis and death among children, worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children of Borazjan.Methods: This cross sectional-descriptive study was done on 375 stool samples of children younger than 7 years old hospitalized in 17 Shahrivar hospitals of Borazjan due to severe diarrhea. Group A Rotaviruses were identified by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) test. Data was analyzed by SPSS software.Results: Of the total, 91 (24.27%) rotavirus infections were detected. The highest incidence was observed in children aged 12-17 months (6.93%). Diarrhea (91.21%), vomiting (64.83%), moderate dehydration (57.14%), abdominal pain (56.04%) and fever (53.84%) were the most frequent clinical symptoms. There was a significant relationship between the virus and seasons (P=0). The highest prevalence was in autumn (54.94%) while the least was in summer (2.20%).Conclusion: Because of the high frequency of rotavirus infection, surveillance and expanded program of immunization is necessary, especially in children less than 2 years old.

Introdution: Presence of mentally retarded children as a source of pressure can jeopardize the general health of parents, especially mothers. The range of effect depends on the recognitive evaluation and the individual. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coping-therapy on mental health of mothers with genetically and non-genetically mentally retarded children referring to Yazd clinical center.Methods: This study was semi experimental and included 40 mothers with mentally retarded children studying in schools supported by the welfare organization of Yazd in 2009-2010 and were selected by available sampling method. They were divided to two groups; case and control. Before any therapy, all of the mothers answered a general health questionnaire (GHQ28). In the next step, coping-therapy was performed on the case group. In the end, all of the mothers answered the same questionnaire (GHQ28) and data were analyzed by covariance method and t test.Results: The research indicated that coping-therapy has a positive effect on the mental health of mothers with genetically mentally retarded children. This effect is similar on mothers of children with non-genetically mental retarded children. Coping-therapy decreases the somatic signs of depression in mothers and improves their sleeping and social efficacy. There was no association of age and educational level of mothers with coping-therapy.Conclusion: Coping-therapy can improve the mental health of mothers of both genetically and non-genetically mentally retarded children.

Introduction: Premedication with midazolam can occasionally result in increased pediatric anxiety. In this study, we compared the effects of intravenous midazolam and fentanyl as pediatric premedication in children posted for inguinal hernia surgery.Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial study, sixty pediatric patients were randomly allocated to two study groups. Anesthesia was similar in both groups. Sedation score by Richmond agitation sedation scale was repeatedly measured on arrival to the preoperative part of the operating room, during drug administration, separation of the child from parent for transfer to the operating room, induction of anesthesia, time of transfer to the recovery room and discharge from the recovery room. Post-operative nausea and vomiting was also recorded. The collected data was analyzed with SPSS 15 and P value<0.05 was considered meaningful.Results: Baseline characteristics of the two study groups were similar. Mean RASS at separation of patients from parents; the time between the study drug administrations till separation from parents, induction of anesthesia and end of operation and need for additional drug during separation was significantly lower in the midazolam group. Opioid need in the fentanyl group was higher. Other findings were similar in the two groups.Conclusion: Use of fentanyl instead of midazolam as a premedication is not a priority in children posted for surgery.