Koomesh
Year:2006 | Volume:7 | Issue:1-2|Papers Count:25

Introduction: Pain is the most common complaint of patients and its treatment is the most ancient problem of human being. Opioids have many side effects that have limited morphine administration. Recent studies have shown that cimetidine (CIM) induces analgesia in animals. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of CIM on modulation of post-operative pain in comparison with morphine (MOR). Materials and Methods: This study was a double blind clinical trial. 90 patients (male & female) after earning satisfaction were divided into three groups: 1-CIM (5 mg/kg), 2-MOR (0.1 mg/kg), and 3-CIM+MOR. Drugs were injected (IV) in peak of pain during post-operation period. Numeric rating pain scale (RPS) method was used for pain scaling. Pain was measured in 30 min and 60 min after the drug injection.Results: Confounding variables including age, sex, and type of anesthesia and surgery had no significant effects on pain scores. Pain intensity was not significant at 30 and 60 min after the drug or vehicle injections among three groups, but it was significantly lower when compared with pain score before injection of drugs (P=0.0001). Also, there were no significant differences in duration of analgesia among three groups Conclusion: The above findings indicated that the analgesic effect (time and quality) of CIM is compatible, with that of morphine.

Introduction: Stereopsis is ability for spitual perception that is an important factor influencing person's functions especially in some jobs such as medicine, aviating. In this research, the correlation between refractive errors (myopia& hyperopia) with stereopsis was studied. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytic-cross sectional study that has performed on 96 cases in Feiz eye hospital in Isfahan city at second half of year 1383. The degree of refractory errors was determined by autorefractometer. Then with Polaroid Spectacles and target sheet of Titmus test stereoacuity was defined. Age, sex and educational levels were recorded. Data was analyzed by SPSS H. Results: A significant correlation between refractional error rate with stereoacuity was seen. In myopia group, mean of stereoacuity was better. Difference of stereoacuity in these groups was 46 sec of arc (CI=95, r=0.753, p<0.001).Age and sex had not significant effect on stereoacuity.Myopic patients with high educational level had better stereoacuity. Conclusion: The results show refractive error is a determining parameter on stereoacuity and myopia group has better stereoacuity than hyperopia group.

Introduction: Proprioception is an important sense to recognize limb position and to detect the direction of limb displacement during a movement. The present study is performed to compare the proprioception sense of ankle joint between healthy non-athletic women and athletic women with jogging activities and with non- jogging exercises. Materials and Methods: Experimental study was done on 63 healthy women between 20-30 y/o. They were divided into 3 equal groups that included non-athletic group, athletes with non jogging activities and athletes with non-jogging activities to measure the ankle proprioception. We used two pedal goniometers for four movements of ankle joints. Statistical analysis was used by Kruskal-wallis. Results: The results revealed that the least error of the angles in all movements, was in the group of athletes with jogging activities and the most error of the angles in all movements, was in the group of athletes with non- jogging activities. In analysis of mean different between each two groups together, we found that only dorsiflexion was significant difference between the group of athletes with jogging activities and the group of athletes with non- jogging activities, and also between the non-athletic group and the non-jogging athletic group.Conclusion: This research revealed that jogging exercises affect the improvement of proprioception. This effect focuses more on dorsiflexion. Hence, we suggest that jogging activities for improving of this sense or paying more attention to dorsiflexon when we reeducate for the subjects.

Introduction: With increasing in mobile communications, exposure to electromagnetic fields due to mobile handset and base station antenna has increased. This study was planned for evaluating the effects of whole-body exposure to 950 MHz GSM electromagnetic field on acquisition phase of spatial memory. Materials and Methods: 35 naive male Wistar Rats (3 month old, 220+15 g) randomly divided in three groups (control n=12, sham-exposed n=11 and exposed n=12) and were trained in a circular water maze (3 days at 2 blocks, with 3 hours interval between blocks) to locate a submerged platform. For 10 session exposure program, the day before training, they were exposed with four 45 min electromagnetic field and one hour interval between exposures. In other days, according with training sessions, exposure was done just before each training session. Performances of animals were tested 24 hours after the last training, by a 60 second probe test. Evaluation indexes were escape latency at target and opposite quadrants, swim speed and length. Results: Analysis of the probe data test indicated that, there were no significant difference between control, sham and 950 MHz exposed groups (P=0.368). Conclusion: Results of this study provide no evidence indicating that acquisition phase of spatial memory can be affected by the whole-body exposure to 950 MHz electromagnetic fields.

Introduction: Pneumonia is the most common fatal disease in infancy. Since most of factors which make infants susceptible to Pneumonia, arising from incorrect caring of infants in family, therefore the role of mother in prevention, recognition the sign and necessary caring in pneumonia is undeniable. The present research is carried out in order to determine the effects of designed care plan on the duration and rate of re-infection pneumonia in infants in children medical center in Tehran. Material and Methods: This research is a Quasi-experimental study. 66 infants in the age span between 1-12 months who suffered from Pneumonia together with their mothers were selected with the random allocation technique. They were assigned to two groups of experimental and control. Data collection tools include questionnaire, form for recording the duration and rate of pneumonia and observational-interviewing checklist. The designed care plan was taught both theoretically and practically with an eye to the strengths and weaknesses of the performance of mothers at home, while the control group had taken only ordinary care from their mothers, and mothers function were observed in three times before and after intervention. Every examining unit was followed up for 3 months after intervention. The data were analyzed with T Test and Chi-Square test. Results: According to the results, independent T-test indicated that the performing designed care plan can reduce the duration of pneumonia in infants in experimental group (P=0.0001). Chi Square test indicated that there wasn't a significant difference between experimental and control group in the rate of re-infection pneumonia (P=0.163).Further, there was a clinical significant difference and researcher believes that with increase in the length of follow up there might be a statistically significant difference.Conclusion: According to our results, it can be claimed that using a designed care plan is an effective approach in reducing the duration and rate of re-infection pneumonia in infants in our samples. Moreover the results indicate that home-training is a good strategy in the betterment of mother's caring behaviors.

Introduction: Different approaches were used for shortening labor stages without inducing any side effects on mother and newborn. The aim of this clinical research was to study the effect of epidural anesthesia with marcaine and fentanyl on labor course and neonatal apgar scores. Material and Methods: 100 subjects divided into two groups: labor with epidural anesthesia (n=50), and labor without epidural anesthesia (n=50). The age, weight and parity of both groups were matched. The former group injected intra epiduralty with 7cc hyperbaric marcaine+7cc distillated water+25mg fentanyle. The later group injected vehicle solutions. Then, labor stages and newborn apgar scores in 1st and 5 th minutes were measured in both groups. Results: Two methods had the same apgar scores in 1stand 5 th minutes after birth (P=0.749). In epidural anesthesia group, the first stage, but not second and third stages of labor was shorter than normal Iabor(P=0.0301). Also in epidural anesthesia group, pain severity of episiotomy site was subsided faster than normal labor.Conclusion: According to the results of this study the epidural labor analgesia with two marcaine and fentanyle drugs was safer and better approach than normal labor.

Introduction: Children, due to childhood peculiarities are vulnerable; so being aware of their nutritional status will lead to the betterment of scheduling in education and health policy making. It has turned to be evident that proper and healthy nutrition shares and influences learning and brings about the enhancement of investment in educational affairs and resulting in national achievements. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study (descriptive analytic), the nutritional status of school students of 6-12 years of age and some related factors were studied in Shahrood. Through cluster method, out of 30 elementary schools- including 18 boy and 12 girl's schools - were chosen, and 630 subjects were randomly assigned. To determine the nutritional status the anthropometric methods were used and compared with NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) standards. The nutritional status below -2SD was considered as an index of malnutrition and above or equal to -2SD as normal. Registering and analyzing the assembled data were done using SPSS and Epi-info soft wares. For determining the relationship between the nutritional status and independent variables X2 was used. Results: The malnutrition prevalence percent in relation with W/A, H/A, and W/H indices were found to be 6.5, 8.1, and 5.9, respectively. Regarding the aforementioned indices, the malnutrition prevalence among the students whose mothers were illiterate and their fathers were of low education was significantly higher than the students with literate mothers and higher educated fathers. A significant relationship was also found between all three indices due to parental occupation and present malnutrition. Moreover, malnutrition prevalence in relation with the trine indices was significantly higher among the public school students than the private school students.Conclusion: According the yielded results of the study, malnutrition is prevalent among the school students and the highest rate of malnutrition is of stunting kind. It has been also detected that the past mal-nutritional status had role on children to whom many factors such as parent's education, their occupation and the kind of school proved to be effective. In all, for decreasing the rate of malnutrition, proper nutritional training to students at schools and their parents can be a suitable solution for this health problem.

Introduction: The period of breastfeeding in all societies is one of the most important health factors. The pattern of breastfeeding is different in most societies, so it is important to know this pattern in every population. This study was performed to investigate the period of breastfeeding in under 36 month old children at Zahedan. Material and Methods: This study was performed in late 2004 and early 2005 at Zahedan. The sample size was 450 mothers with at most 36 months old children which had visited the 5 health centers of Zahedan in 2004. The sample size in each center was equal and it was chosen using cluster random sampling. Every mother were asked about her and the child age, the period of breastfeeding, the education and job of the mothers, number of children, the age of complementary feeding, kind of delivery, number of breastfeeding in 24 hours, the situation of mother, breastfeeding at nights, breastfeeding to ill child and breastfeeding of ill mothers to their child. Results: The median of breastfeeding was 15 r 1.17 month. The 98% of the babies start breastfeeding after the birth. The proportion of breastfeeding in months 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 were 92%, 85%, 69% and 8% respectively. The period of breastfeeding has a significant relation to the age of the baby and mothers, mother education, breastfeeding at night, breastfeeding to ill child, breastfeeding of ill mothers to their children and the number of breastfeeding at 24 hours. There is no significant relation between the period of breastfeeding and the job of mothers, the number of children, the mother situation, the kind of deliveries and the age of complementary feeding. Also, the period of breastfeeding reduces during the last three years.Conclusion: To avoid the decreases of the period of breastfeeding, it is essential to have some health education to young and pregnant mothers. Also, it is necessary for the health authorities to plan some program to prevent this problem.

Introduction: Delayed onset muscle soreness (DoMS), which may occur after eccentric exercise, is due to the sarcoma disruption or excitations-contractions coupling dysfunction after eccentric exercise. This may cause some reduction in sport activities especially among professionals. For this reason, several studies have been designed on preventing and controlling DoMS after eccentric exercise. It has been shown that vibration training (VT) may improve muscle performance and increase force generation of muscles. This study has been designed to find weather VT may improve muscle function and prevent DoMS after eccentric exercise. Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy non-athletic volunteers were assigned randomly in two experimental, VT (n=25, 12 male and 13 female, age 20.6 P 1.9) and Non-VT (n=25, 13 male and 12 female, age 20.6 P 2.1) groups. A vibrator apparatus was used to apply one minute 50 Hz vibration on the left and right quadriceps, hamstring and cuff muscles in VT group, while no vibration was applied in the Non-VT group. Then, both experimental groups walked downhill on a 10 degree declined treadmill at a speed of 4 km per hour. The measurements included; the isometric maximum voluntary contraction force of left and right-quadriceps muscles, pressure pain threshold (PPT) on the 5, 10 and 15 cm above of patella and also on the middle line of cuff muscles of both lower limbs before and the day after the treadmill walking. In the next day, we also measured the serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), and also the level of DoMS by visual analogue scale. Results: The results showed reduced MVC force (P=0.006) and reduced PPT (P=0.0001) in the Non-VT group, compared to the VT group. The mean of DoMS and CK levels were significantly lower in the VT group than the Non-VT group (P=0.001).Conclusion: Comparison the obtained data from both experimental groups indicates that the applying of vibration before eccentric exercise may prevent and control the DoMS effects. More studies should be done to find the stability and effectiveness of the VT method in the athletics.

Introduction: One of the first cognitive abilities of children is naming and name perception. There is numerous tests in English and other languages about perception and/or expression of names but there is not in Persian language, and also some researches studied these abilities in children and adults. In this research our aim was to determine statistical descriptive of these abilities in a sample of normal Semnanian children, and to compare mean scores of different age and sex groups. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study, at first we prepared a collection of 195 pictures and a special record sheet. Perception and expression of each picture have 2 scores, and then, sum of scores is 390. We selected randomly 150 subjects from 4-8 years old children of the kindergartens and the schools in Semnan. Then, we determined the perception and/or expression of names of children with the pictures of test (abbreviated in farsi, ATA). Children were normal in hearing, speech, language and intelligence. To determine, correlate and compare of mean scores, we used "T test", "Correlation" and "one-way ANOVA".Results: Mean score of name expression, perception, and sum increases as a function of age increase (P=0.000). Girls, in comparison had lesser ability than boys in name perception, expression, and sum (P=0.05). Ability of children in name perception increases, as their name expression ability increases (r=0.8212, P=0.000).Conclusion: The results of this research represent useful information about name perception and expression skills in 4-8 years old children. Our findings can prepare a foundation for pathological studies on some aspects of languages learning disorders. Therefore, a test may be designed to determine name perception and expression ability in children. Although the test used in this research is appropriate, it is long and time consuming, needs to be categorized, and standardized. It must be investigated why girls, in comparison with boys showed statistically significant less abilities. One of the possible causes of semnanian boy's priority in name perception, and expression maybe their cultural and environmental circumstances which may prepare more communication facilities with others for them (in comparison with girls).

Introduction: Sleep is one of the human's basic needs. Sleep deprivation has several side effects on human mind and body, regarding sleep importance for patients hospitalized in coronary care unit, meeting this basic need is necessary. The object of this study is to determine the effect of sensory stimulations on sleep deprivation symptoms in patients hospitalized in coronary intensive care unit of selected hospital of Isfahan medical sciences college. Material and Methods: In a Quasi experimental research 90 patients were selected by simple method and were divided into 3 groups of 30 patients. Each 30 patients were assigned in back massage, sound replacement and no intervention groups. Questionnaire was used to gather information. All three groups were interviewed at the beginning of the research and the questionnaire was completed in admission. In the massage group, massage was used for two days, each day for two times. In sound replacement group, cassette tape was broadcast two times a day for two days. The questionnaire was completed once more at the end of first 48 hours of admission. The research data were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods by applying SPSS software. Results: The research findings showed a significant statistical difference in the mean scores of anxiety and fatigue after 48 hours between three groups. Also there was a significant difference in mean changing scores of anxiety in admission and after 48 hours.Conclusion: Performing back massage and sound replacement for the patients hospitalized in coronary care unit, is an effective method for reducing anxiety and fatigue of the patients.

Introduction: Adolescence is one of the most important and vital stages of human-growth. The third and last stage of quick growth and metabolism occurs in these years. In fact, adolescence is characterized by growth index and the more increased need for nutrients than other stages of life. Whereas we hadn't access to sufficient information regarding the status of nutrition and receiving nutrients by the adolescence in various regions of Iran and Damghan, it was necessary to conduct studies in this regard. Materials and Methods: In a sectional study, 150 students in 8 public schools were selected through two-stage random sampling and studied. Their height and weight was measured and then body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all individuals. The results were compared with the standardized weight, height and BMI diagrams prepared by American Center for Disease Control and Prevention. To assess nutrients intake, a food record 24 hours questionnaire. The findings related to receiving dietaries were compared with the dietary reference intakes (DRI).Results: 11% of boys and 9% of girls are underweight, 7% boys and girls are overweight, 5% boys and 4% girls are obese. Also 12%boys and 13%girls suffer from being of short height due to nutritional deficiency. Adolescences under this study suffer from shortage of daily intake of acid folic Vitamin B12, C, A and calcium and zinc minerals.Conclusion: A remarkable percentage of adolescences suffer from malnutrition problems (underweight, nutritional short height). Also shortage of receiving particular dietaries is evident in these adolescences. There fore this task seems quite necessary regarding nutrition status of this age group.

Introduction: it seems that hubble-bubble smoking is most common smoking habit among Iranian women, especially in southern districts of the country Therefore there was a motivation to evaluate its harmful effects on newborns whose mother smoke hubble-bubble during pregnancy. Materials and methods: A group of women with newborn babies who smoke hubble-bubble during pregnancy were identified and data was collected for them and their babies. A group of women without hubble-bubble smoking in pregnancy were also participated in study as a comparing group. Sample sizes in two groups are 82 and 162, respectively. Results: There was a difference between means of birth weight of newborns in two groups. Multiple and logistic regression was applied to analysis data to ease confounding effects of other characteristics. There was a significant difference of about 160 gr between standardized means of birth weights in two groups. And also risk of having a low body weight (LBW) baby in group with hubble-bubble smoking is three times higher than the control group.Conclusion: This study shows that hubble-bubble smoking in pregnancy increases risk of LBW in newborns, there for to pay more attention and establish suitable policies to decrease prevalence of smoking habits among women is recommended.

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most important common chronic illness which is increasing in the world as an example in Iran. This illness is the fourth factor of death in the most of the developed countries. On the other hand, weakening of the antioxidant defensive system may lead to different diseases such as diabetes which in this study the capacity of antioxidant serum and saliva in diabetics patients of type I in the comparison with the control group is investigated in order to study the diagnostic value. Material and Methods: This is a cross - sectional study in which those under studying are 42 people of type I of diabetics called on to Arak diabetes center as the appointed group compared with 42 people as the control group which were in the same age and sex and other criterions of entrance with the first group. The total antioxidant capacity in serum and saliva of these people were measured by FRAP method. Results: The mean and standard deviation (mean r SD) of the total antioxidant capacity of serum and saliva in the case group were in this manner: 2.51r .088, 1.73r .072 and in the control group were: 2.9 r .107, 1.97r .090.Conclusion: From the statistical viewpoint the decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of serum in the case group was meaningful, but the decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of saliva was not meaningful. In other words the production of free radicals in case group which can be probably the case of disease has been increased and therefore the antioxidant defensive system has been weakened. It is advised to these people to consume more Natural antioxidant in order to decrease the damages caused by free radicals.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is may be associated with protective effect of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) which causes the deletion of free radicals of superoxide. Trace element like Zinc has important role for doing normal cellular functions. Diabetes mellitus may be related to the changes of Zinc. The aim of this study was to determine the changes of plasma Zinc and erythrocyte SOD activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy control in Gorgan. Materials and Methods: This project is comparative study. The sample population were 50 type 2 diabetic patients choser) randomly from the patients referred to the 5th Azar hospital in Gorgan and 50 healthy people were included in this study (matched age, BMI and sex). Results: The level of plasma Zinc from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (116.78±5.51 mlg/dl) and control groups (146.86±9.06 mg/dl) were determined, respectively. Erythrocyte SOD activity from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (675.34±60.89 U/gr Hb) and control groups (1052.70±52.76 U/gr Bb) were determined.Conclusion: The decreased plasma Zinc and reduced erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD) may predispose patients with type 2 diabetes to the development of cardiovascular complications. We propose that patients with type 2 diabetes may have supra-physiological antioxidants requirements. Supplementation with Zinc and other free radical scavengers such as vitamins E and C or foodstuff containing these such as tomato, oranges and similar have the potential to boost antioxidant defenses and thus may be important for patients with diabetes.

Introduction: One of the most frequent causes of going to cardiovascular clinics is chest pain. The origin of chest pain can be cardiac or non-cardiac. Non-cardiac chest pain may be due to corporeal such as (esophageal, respiratory, arthritis). With regard to this point, psychical causes can be generated and also make intense.in cardiac diseases. Therefore, more attention should be paid to theses psychical causes. This study was planed to determine the prevalence of psychical disorders such as obsession, violence, anxiety, depression, paranoid, phobia, somatization, and psychosis and chest pain. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out on 400 patients with chest pain referred to Semnan Fatemieh hospital. These patients did not have cardiovascular diseases and related test and exercise test were negative. Data from these patients were collected by questionaire. Results: Fifty three percentages of patients were men and 47% were women. The most prevalence psychical disorder in this study was depression with %66.2 and the least one was psychosis with 16%. Depression intensity in 72.9% of patients was light. Moderate and vigorous intensities in patients were 26.1% and 1.1%, respectively. The percentages of anxiety and obsession with different level intensities (light, moderate and vigorous) were 83.8%, 16.2%,0% and 78.8%, 18.1%, 2.9%, respectively.Conclusion: In this study, depression and agitation were the most common of psychical disorder agents in patients with chest pain with non-cardiac origin. This fact showed a similarity with other studies, while agitation was the most common agent of the chest pain in some studies. It seems this difference arising from cultural diversity of patients. The most prevalence of psychical disorders in men and women (mid ages) were 47.18% and 47.8% respectively.

The patient is a 67 years old man who called on a doctor at emergency ward at Shefa hospital following backing from Mecca because of suffering from fever, shivering, dyspnea and coughing. He was admitted in medical ward with initial pneumonia diagnosis but immediately transferred to ICD and connected to ventilator because he becomes worse. After that he was caused kidney and hemorrhagic problems. He finally died because of DIC and severs hypotension. Traveling to endemic areas in where hemorrhagic fever diseases were spreaded and signs of hemorrhage were seemed was reason for writers to research CCHF base the case study. The article will present more detail.