OLYMPIC
Year:2011 | Volume:19 | Issue:1 (SERIAL 53)|Papers Count:16

The purpose of this research was to establish perspectives and strategy map for the national Olympic committee (NOC) through balance scorecard (BSC). The research methods were quantitative as well as qualitative. The statistical population consists 114 of the NOC general assembly members, experts, and elites who were familiar with NOC. The samples of this study were chosen purposefully (89 people in the quantitative study, and 27 people in the qualitative study). Interview and self-made questioner were used as investigation tools. Reliability and validity of self-made questioner was assured through physical education experts and university teaching faculty members opinions. The pilot study as well as internal validity was found to be applicable bycronbach’s alpha coefficient (n=30, a=0.84). Collected data was analyzed by x2 and logical inductive reasoning. The research finding showed the NOC had four perspectives, such as finance, customer, internal process, learning and growth and as well as 41 objectives. In the NOC’s strategy map there were cause and effect relationships among all perspectives and also among some of the different objectives. Ultimately it can be concluded that suggested perspectives, objectives, and strategy map are capable of being applied in practicing strategies of NOC.

The aim of present study was investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training on plasma homocysteine, vitamins B6 and B12, andfolate concentration in obese girls (BMI>30). In this regard, 24 girls (age: 21.6±2.4 years, BMI: 32.10±3.08 kg/m2, weight: 80.49±8.45 kg, and height: 159.10±5.63 cm) were selected and randomly divided into aerobic exercise training (ET) and control (C) group. The ET carried out the aerobic exercise training eight weeks, 4 sessions per week, and each session 5060- minutes (Intensity=65 -75% Maximum Heart Rate). The result showed that there are no significant changes in plasma homocysteine (P=0.714), vitamin B12 (P=0.600), and the folate (P=0.568) concentration, but there was significant increase in vitamin B6 concentration (P=0.020). Possible mechanisms are inadequate duration or intensity of exercise training.

Customer satisfactory in public organization especially university had been based on service quality analysis in various areas. This article portrays clarifies role of physical exercise administration of Yazd University student using artificial neural network technique. On the study we try to design standard questioner was analyzed by the artificial neural networks. There for between Yazd university students 142 were sampled and standard questioner were distributed between them. Research measurement scale based on tree conception perception, exception and the importance of every service quality parameter. Validity and reliability analyzed via expert advice, factor analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha and a comprehensive comparison between service quality measurement methods were applied. The results show that the artificial neural networks have much ability in predicting student’s satisfaction from athletic facilities. This study also showed the ANN can predict the customer’s satisfaction from athletic services by weighted SERVQUAL model as entry using different evaluating models of services quality.

This research was carried out for evaluation of the effect of combined aerobic exercise with vitamin C+E supplementation (500 mg.day-1 vitamin C, 400 IU.day-1 vitamin E) on plasma levels of CRP, IL-6 and F2 -Isoprostane concentrations in obese sedentary women. For this reason a total 40 sedentary and healthy obese women (Age: 33.95±4.93, Height: 150±7.85, Weight: 80.23±15.11 BMI: 35.52±5.23, Vo2max: 33±8 ml.kg-1.min-1) Elected for this study and randomly divided on 4 groups as below: 10 subjects in aerobic training group (G1), 10subjects in vitamin supplementation group (G2), 10subjects in combined (exercise with vitamin) group (G3) and 10subjects in control (G4) group. Each group obtained from personal protocol for 4 weeks. Pre and post protocol blood and urine samples were collected and the rate of CRP, IL-6 and F2 -Isoprostane concentrations were measured. The result of this research showed that interaction effects of exercise and vitamin supplementation has co-increment impact on significant reduction of CRP and F2 -Isoprostane means. Basesd on research results aerobic exercise with definitive intensity combined with vitamin C+E supplementation by reducing body fat percent and restrict of upstream inflammation signals decreased cardiovascular risk factors and oxidative stress in obese sedentary women.

Current severe and rapid weight loss is being used by wrestlers to qualify for competition. These methods caused concerns about their health and performance. The purpose of this investigation was to assess weight loss practices among elite Iranian freestyle and Greco - Roman wrestlers. Using a standard questionnaire, weight loss methods were assessed in 22 cadet, 24 junior and 12 senior elite wrestlers who participated in national training camps. Most weight loss in cadet, junior and senior wrestlers in average was 2.72±1.37, 4.79±1.48, 3±2.08 Kg respectively. The most used methods for weight loss were gradual dieting (48.99%), increased exercise (48.33%) and restricting food (33.71%). Results indicate that senior wrestlers use more methods for weight loss than young wrestlers. But eating disorder was more prevalent among junior wrestlers.

There is little and conflicting information regarding whether or not a time course of treadmill exercise could be decrease lipid peroxidation results of homocysteine administration in brain, particularly in dorsal hippocampus. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of either 4 or 8 weeks of treadmill intermittent running on the homocysteine-induced lipid peroxidation in the male rat dorsal hippocampus. Sixty-four rats weight 300±40 gram were randomly assigned into various groups include; the training and age-matched control groups and related-subgroups. The rats in the training group performed the progressive running exercise of 12 to 18 m/min for 10 to 58 min, 5 times a week. After 4 and 8 weeks, SOD and MDA parameters in the dorsal hippocampus were measured by using Elisa and Spectrophotometer methods, respectively. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey (post Hoc) tests. Statistical Significance was accepted at P<0.05. Results showed the 4 weeks group tended to show insignificantly decrease amounts of the homocysteine-induced lipid peroxidation in the dorsal hippocampus, while animals in the 8 weeks group significantly increase SOD concentrations and significantly decrease MDA concentrations compared with age-matched controls. Our study support to the idea that the longer training periods could yield to greater benefits in the homocysteine-induced lipid peroxidation in hippocampus compared to the shorter training periods.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between blood buffer capacity and aerobic power with performance ability of high intensity intermittent activities in young football players. Subjects were 27 male football players. The average age, height, weight and Bf% of the subjects were as follows: 17.66 years, 173.47 cm, 64.33 kg and 14.28%. Blood sample were taken before yoyo test. Then yoyo intermittent test was performed. Immediately after performing the test, blood sample were taken from the subjects. After 48 hours, VO2max was measured by Bruce protocol on treadmill. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for statistical description, and the Pearson coefficient correlation for inferential analysis of data. Statistical significance was set at P£0.05. The result showed that There was significant relationship between the H+, Hco3-, BE and performance ability of high intensity intermittent activities (r=0.609, p=0.001; r=-0.381, p=0.050; r=-0.401, p=0.038). Also, there was significant relationship between the aerobic power and performance ability of high intensity intermittent activities (r=0.761; p=0.000). But there was not significant relationship between PCo2 and performance ability of high intensity intermittent activities (r=-0.130, p=0.517). Totally, results showed that blood buffer capacity and aerobic power are effective factor in the performance of intermittent activities in football players.

Exercise could have some effects on heart structure and function. The aim of this random study was comparison of the rate of changes in end systolic and diastolic diameter, end systolic and diastolic volume, inter ventricular septum, posterior wall thickness and stroke volume of left ventricle in male athlete and nonathletic teenagers that they were measured by M-mode and 2-D echocardiography with a single observer in a blinded fashion. Three groups (30 person, 15 -17 years old) completed the study. The first group was ten, 16.5±0.52 years old, 1.67±0.09m2 middle distance runner athletes. The second group was ten, 16.4±0.69 years old, 1.67±0.10 m2 taekwondo player athletes and the third group were ten, 16.2±0.42 years old, 1.64±0.14 m2 no athletes. Statistics method was analysis of Covariance and MANOVA and LSD test at the level of P£0.05. Results showed that there were no significant differences in mean of end systolic diameter and posterior wall thickness of left ventricle in three groups, but mean of end diastolic diameter was significantly larger in middle-distance runner and taekwondo groups than control group (50.48±3.2 versus 50.17±3.52 versus 41.51±3.43mm respectively, P£0.05). Furthermore mean of left ventricular end systolic volume, end diastolic volume and stroke volume was more in both middle-distance runner and taekwondo athlete groups in comparison with control group (LVESV: 38.70± 1.97 versus 33.98±2.7 versus 27.27±1.36 ml respectively, P£0.05) and (LVEDV: 89.89±2.66 versus 79.11±4.87 versus 60.04±2.05 ml respectively, P£0.05) and (SV: 51.18±5.26 versus 45.12±9.27 versus 32.76±3.49 ml respectively, P£0.05).The mean of inter ventricular septum thickness was significant larger in middle-distance runner than taekwondo and control groups (9.57±0.024 versus 8.86±0.024 versus 7.79±0.024 mm respectively, P£0.05). The weight and body surface area of the subject were no significant effects on results. The present study confirmed that probably stroke volume could increase in taekwondo athletes with three year background as well as middle-distance runner athletes.

Analyzing satisfaction dimension of volunteers participating in the 9th Iranian universities sport Olympiad (summer 2008) was the main aim of this study. The statistical sample in the current study consisted of 396 volunteers at the 9th universities sport Olympiad that held in both Buali Sina and Yazd Universities (396 volunteers) in which 219 of volunteers (73.74%) participated in this research. The research instrument was a questionnaire which was comprised of 34 items that its content and face validity was confirmed by 10 expert university panels. With the use of Cronbach’s alpha score test the internal consistency of the instrument was calculated .92. The exploratory factor analysis with the Varimax rotation was used to assess the main factors of the instrument and 8 factors: Acquiring experience, Career, Material, Purposive, Enhancement, Social, Protective, and Commitment emerged with a total of 63.59% variance explanation. Meanwhile, in volunteers’ point of view, satisfaction of acquiring experience (4.01±0.64), purposive (3.93±0.74), and social (3.92±0.70) were the most important factors and material (3.04±0.84) was the least important factor of their satisfaction. Sport event managers could provide the opportunities for the volunteers to gain experiences, with an emphasis on the worth of voluntary activities and also holding social activities, to improve the satisfaction, retention, and participation of volunteers.

Bipolar disorder is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders, but fewer studies have dealt with the effect of exercise training on this complication. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of selected aerobic training on plasma homocysteine, vitamins B6, B12, folate concentrations and manic score in male patients with bipolar Ι disorders. To do this, twenty seven male inpatients with bipolar Ι disorders hospitalized in Ebn-e-sina Hospital in Mashhad [age 37.149.5±yr, body weight 71.4215.2± kg, BMI 24,65± kg/m2 (means±SD)] were selected and randomly assigned to either a control non-exercise group or an aerobic training group. The aerobic training group completed a six-week-training program (4 sessions per week, each session 50 minutes, intensity 7080%- HR max.). Blood samples from antecubital vein were taken before and after exercise training program. Manic symptoms were assessed by a researcher-made questionnaire before and after exercise training program. Homocysteine, vit B6, B12 and folate were measured using ELISA kits. Independent and dependent sample t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that six weeks of aerobic exercise training did not create any significant effect on plasma homocysteine (p=0.057), vitamin B12 (p=0.372), B6 (p=0.456), folate concentrations (p=0.582) and manic score (p=0.362). Insufficient intensity and duration may be possible reasons for these results. Generally, it can be said that six-weeks aerobic training probably can not produce desirable changes in homocysteine, vitamin B groups and manic score in bipolar I disorders. Perhaps inadequate exercise intensity as well as inefficiency of the questionnaire to detect the real effects of training on patients behavior change can be attributed to gain this results.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in physical education organization of Iran and which dimensions of organizational justice enhance organizational citizenship behaviors of employee. The population of this study was 273 employees of Physical Education Organization; those 220 employees completed the questionnaire (80.5%). The employees were asked to complete organizational justice scale and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale. The validity and reliability coefficients of questionnaires were calculated. The findings indicated that the scores of organizational justice and citizenship behavior were medium and there was a significant relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior (r=0.52). Multiple regressions indicated that organizational justice was a strong predictor for organizational citizenship behavior. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated organizational justice has a coefficient effect equal with 0.65 on organizational citizenship behavior. It is recommended that managers of physical education organization increase perceived organizational justice that employees show more organizational citizenship behaviors.

The purpose of the present study was determine the effect of combination of physical practice with self-as-a-model interventions (feed-forward self-modeling, positive self-review self-modeling and self-observation) on acquisition and retention of long badminton service. 48 right-handed female participants, with no experiences on the task (mean age=24±2.5) were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. Performance form (with checklist of making researcher) and performance outcome (with Scot and Fox test) were evaluated for badminton long service. The data were analyzed with mixed factorial ANOVA, one way ANOVA and Bonferroni and Duncan post hoc testes. All groups received interventions in two days per week over a period of three weeks. Results indicated during six session Feed- forward combined with physical practice and positive self- review combined with physical practice groups improved significantly in performance outcome and Feed-forward combined with physical practice group improved significantly in performance form and Feed-forward combined with physical practice group was better than other groups in both form and outcome performance (P<0.05). Also in retention test Feed-forward combined with physical practice, positive self- review combined with physical practice and self-observation combined with physical practice groups improved in performance outcome and Feed-forward combined with physical practice and positive self- review combined with physical practice groups improved in performance form and feed-forward combined with physical practice in retention test was better than other groups in form and outcome performance (P<0.05). These findings suggest that skill practicing via combined physical practice with feed- forward self modeling intervention provided more learning.