OLYMPIC
Year:2007 | Volume:14 | Issue:4 (SERIAL 36)|Papers Count:11

The aim of this study was assessment of anthropometric and physiologic characteristics of Iranian female's athletes and relationship with their success. So 25 subjects include the invited athletes in the camping of Iran national team. Taekwondo athlete's success was estimated according to their grades in national, international and Asian competitions in 3 years ago. To control the number of competitions variable, combine average of their points in given competitions was considered as their success score.After assessment of anthropometrical and physiological characteristics of Taekwondo athletes according to the descriptive statistical and analysis Pearson correlation, the result showed that there was a significant relationship between BML speed, anaerobic power, agility, body fat and reaction time with females athlete's success. Based on result, these factors have an important role in females Taekwondo athlete's success.

We assessed the effect of an 8-week aerobic exercise program on cardio-respiratory fitness, plasma glucose and insulin concentration and the lipid profile in patients with NIDDM. 24 male subjects with type II diabetes (aged 46.9 ±7.8 yr; height 165.2 ±5.5 cm; weight 73.5 ±12.2 kg; VO2max 40.3±6.5 ml/kg/min; mean±SD) participated in this study. Subjects were divided into high glycemic (LG; i.e. blood sugar were higher than 180 mg/dl) and low glycemic (LG; i.e. blood sugar were lower than 180 mg/dl) groups. After baseline measurements, exercise-training program that consisted of 30 min moderate-intensity (60-70% Max HRR) cycling 3 times a week, carried out for 8-weeks. For the 19 subjects finishing the study, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased significantly in both group (p<0.05). Blood glucose concentration reduced significantly in HG group (p<0.05) but this reduction was not statistically significant in LG group. Total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels did not change significantly after exercise program in both groups. High-density lipoprotein (LDL) increased in the HG group (p<0.05) but not in the LG group. Bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), and percent body fat decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05).Comparing the relative changes in physiological parameters shows there were no significant differences between the two groups. It was concluded that 8-week exercise-training program improved the glycemic control, lipid profile, cardio-respiratory fitness, and body composition of type II diabetic men and the most favorable changes were in patients with high glycemic.

The objective of this research was surveying and analyzing the way in which School-Champion Plan competitions were held from the perspective of experts, schools managers, and physical educators of both successful and unsuccessful provinces. This research is a descriptive one and was field-based. The required data were collected by a questionnaire, validated by 4 physical education experts. Its reliability was calculated (0.9). The statistical population included all school managers, physical educators and sport sciences experts at Education Organizations. Cluster sampling was performed randomly. On the basis of Morgan Table, the number of statistical sample of male and female teachers of physical education, of both successful and unsuccessful provinces was 381; the number of statistical sample of male and female school managers of these provinces was 375; and the number of statistical sample of male and female teachers of physical education of unsuccessful provinces was 375; and the number of statistical sample of male and female school managers of these provinces was 375. In order to analyze the data the researcher has used descriptive and inferential statistics (Kruskal Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney-U Test, X2). The results of the research shows that from successful and unsuccessful statistical population's perspective, School-Champion Plan had significant effects in the following areas of development: 1. Developing schools sports and increasing the number of engaged students (a = 0/000); 2. Providing the grounds for development and progress of student's sports abilities (a= 0/000); 3. Using empty capacities of schools facilities for physical education and sports (a = 0/000); 4. Creating more appropriate background for the development of physical education and sports at schools (a= 0/000); 5. Moreover, the results exhibited that, according to statistical populations of successful and unsuccessful provinces, School-Champion Plan is significantly superior than traditional method of holding schools matches (a = 0/000).

The purpose of this study was to investigate home advantage in Iranian Football League, in 1383-84. The information about the number of winning, drawing, losing, scores and received goals, yellow and red cards and points in home and away games of 16 teams which obtained via website of www.soccerway.com and analyzed by using descriptive statistics and t-test. The results of this study shows the positive effect home advantage on team's performance as the number of winning in home games have been significantly more than away games (t= 3.69, p < .05), the number of losing in away games has been more than home games (t = -5.96 , p < .05), also the number of scored goals in home games has been significantly higher (t = 4.30, P < .05) and the received goals in home games were observed to be lower (t = -3.71 , p < .05 ). The result also shows that scores number in home games have been higher than away and this differences is significant (t= 5.18, P < .05). Significant difference was observed between number of lose and, red and yellow cards in home and away games (p >.05). In conclusion, teams when played at home obtained more points than when played away (53.4% vs. 35.9%). The results show the better performance of the teams in home games.

The present study separated the effect of degree of overlap of cell assemblies and number and spatial extent of precues and number of choices on reaction time (RT) for the purpose of investigating of the effect of precue on the stages of sensorimotor processing. Therefore, 24 non-athlete students (age range=18-24 years) participated in a within subjects design and performed 5 precue and 1 control conditions by parameter precuing apparatus. The task was isometric force production immediately after appearing target. The participants repeated each precue condition 30 times with random order after performing 200 training trials. RT of different conditions was measured and analyzed by 6 (condition)*30 (repetition) ANOVA with repeated measures. According to results, RT of the low overlap condition was significantly longer than high overlap in the same spatial extent and number of choices; RT of the high spatial extent condition was significantly longer than low spatia extent in the same overlap and number of choices; RT of the 3-choices condition was significantly longer than 2-choice condition in the same overlap and spatial extent; and RT of uncertain precue condition was significantly longer than certain precue conditions in the same overlap, spatial extent and number of choices (p<.01). These findings indicated that the precues reduce RT by involving of perceptual processing, response selection and motor preparation stages of sensorimotor processing.

The purpose of this study was to compare two groups of injured and non-injured student athletes with regard to cognitive and somatic anxiety, self-confidence, risk taking, sensation-seeking and aggressiveness. Therefore 75 injured (during the last two year) and 94 non-injured athletes were selected. Also 26 athletes who were injured during competitions were compared with non-injured subjects. The following instruments were administrated to all subjects: a Demographic Questionnaire, Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI) Riner Martens, Eysenek's Risk taking, Sensation-seeking, and Aggressiveness Questionnaires. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the injured group scores were significantly scored higher than the non-injured group on all the variables (p<0.01). It was suggest that there need to be a sport psychologist to control the probable effects of the variables on the results of competitions.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relations between physical activity and mortality in a 5 year follow-up of a sample of East Azarbaijanian women over 30 years of age (n =3310), which was initiated in 2001. Age-adjusted relative risks relating quartiles of average daily energy expenditure (kcal.kg-1 .day.-1) to mortality were estimated. These relations were due mainly to the contribution of non-leisure (household chores) energy expenditure, which represented, on average, 82% of women's total activity. The results illustrate the importance of non-leisure energy expenditure in the assessment of total activity. These data support the hypothesis that physical activity is inversely associated with risk of death in women. The results of this research show that the lack of physical activity causes independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular disease, also medium increase of energy expenditure resulted in considerable decreased risk.

The purpose of the present research is to study few P.E. and sports culture of ancient Iran in Ferdosi's Shahnameh. For this purpose following attributes in 3 fictional sportsmanship and historical periods of Shahnameh were analyzed including 8 physical attributes, 14 martial arts-sportsmanship attributes, 11 cognitive-moral attributes, and few other attitudinal characteristics. The main source of the study was 9 version of Shahnameh, and related studies with regard to those to confirm any of the concepts and attributes, verses were selected from Shahnameh. The results of the study indicated that the following attributes were in priority comparing to others; between 2103 times repetition of physical attributes, attributes of "body" had 52% repetitions, between 4755 times repetition of martial art-sportsmanship attributes, attributes of "horseman" had 23% repetition: and between 3134 times repetition of attributes of "cognitive -moral" had 36%. The highest repetition of attributes is in sportsmanship period. Totally, the traits of martial art sportsmanship (47.58%), and cognitive- moral (31.36%), and physical attributes (21.4%) consists the attributes under study in Shahnameh. The highest form of athletic education that is manifested in Shahnameh is development of man of action and the man of cognition in sportsmanship concepts. These concepts have been emphasized in many verses of Shahnameh to focus on cognitive guidance and reliance to moral and sportsmanship principles. Even though little unwise and immoral action also has been observed by few sportsmen, however these behaviors are very rare, and considering the military and political functions of sportsmen, these behaviors could be ignored according to Ferdosi. From 13 military instruments, which have been repeated 357 times in Shahnameh, sword, thorn, bow and arrow with 26% and 20% times of repetitions in order framed the most important military skills of Iranian people. This founding indicates that in Iranian culture, physical education and sports acquired tremendous development and riches. Few of the positive attributes, characteristics and attitudes of this culture could be used at the present times.

In football home advantage has been a very important factor in determining the outcome of a game. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of injury in professional football players when playing at home and away. In order to assess injury in professional football league over period 2005-2006, 38 matches from Zobe- Ahan and Sepahan have been selected and were analyzed using video analysis system. The rate of injury, injury time, side and cause of injury both at home and away games were compared and analyzed.The results of this study showed that the rate of injury at away games (n=69) was 14 percent more than home games (0=52) but this difference was not significant (p>0.05). For time of injury results showed that injury in second half (n=68) was more than first half (n=53). For location of injury most of injury occurred in mid field zone (n=87) of the pitch but difference was not significant between the homes and away games. The highest number of injury was moderate (n=64) and happened at the left side of body (n=47). Most injury was occurred due to tackle (n=48) but no significant difference was observed in grade of injury, side of injury when data compared between home and away games. It can be concluded that home advantage had no effect on rate of injury, location of injury, time of injury, side of injury and causes of injury. Therefore, existence of more injury in away games must be considered by health professional and team doctors

This study aimed to investigate the effect of taurine supplementation on the lipid peroxidation following exhaustive endurance exercise in wistar rats. Thus 28 wistar rats aged 4 month were assigned randomly into one of 4 groups: rest, rest taurine, endurance exercise, and endurance taurine. The supplement groups, were administrated a daily dose of 500 mg/kg/body weight of 5% taurine in water for one month. All groups were subjected a familiarization treadmill protocol for two weeks. Finally, rats in endurance exercise group exercised at 70%v02max. The running speed was 25 m/min at a gradient 5%. blood samples taken following the exercise from rested and exercised groups. Plasma taurine and serum malondealdehyde (MDA) were measured. Results showed: There was a significant ejevation in plasma taurine following taurine supplementation in rest and endurance groups, 416±84.86, 452.29±87.22 respectively compared with rest group (301.43±43.59) (p<0.05). The MDA increased significantly in endurance exercise group (2.13±0.32) compared with rest group (0.75±0.2). The elevated response of MDA reduced significantly in endurance taurine group (1.02±0.3) compared with endurance group (2. 13±0.32).It is concluded that endurance exercise can result in the lipid peroxidation in wistar rats and taurine can prevent lipid peroxidation following endurance exercise.