Journal of Police Medicine
Year:2024 | Volume:13 | Issue:1|Papers Count:26

Background and Aim: Suicide has existed in all cultures and eras and is a tragedy for the individual, family, and society. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of integrative monotheistic therapy on resilience, life expectancy, and sexual activity of women who attempted suicide. Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study was women who attempted suicide who referred to the counseling and psychotherapy center at Sina Hospital in Tabriz in the first half of 1403 to solve their problems, from which a sample of 30 people (15 people in the integrated Tawhidi experimental group and 15 people in the control group) was selected through purposive sampling. The tools and data collection included the Women's Sexual Function Questionnaire by Rossen et al. (1997), Connor and Davidson's Resilience (2003), and Snyder et al. 's Life Expectancy (1991). Data analysis was performed using the univariate covariance test in SPSS version 26 software. Results: The results showed that integrated monotheistic therapy training was effective on resilience, life expectancy, and sexual activity of women who attempted suicide, and the average scores of the experimental group increased compared to the control group in resilience, life expectancy, and sexual activity of women. P<0/05. Conclusion: The findings indicate the effect of integrative monotheistic therapy on resilience, life expectancy, and sexual activity of women who attempt suicide. Therefore, by implementing integrative monotheistic therapy in a broader context, social harms, including female suicide, will be reduced, and it is better to pay attention to these treatment methods in counseling and treatment centers.

Introduction and Objective: In the realm of safety and health regulations, governmental systems bear legislative and supervisory responsibilities in addition to executive duties. This has led governments to pay particular attention to this area, and they face criticism when incidents occur in the field of safety and health. In this context, it is necessary to compare the criminal policies of Iran and the European: union: in order to better understand the similarities and differences in the approaches of these two political systems. The objective of this research is to analyze the similarities and differences between legal systems in the area of criminal policy, particularly in the field of safety and health. By identifying legal gaps and shortcomings in Iranian laws compared to the European: union: , opportunities and challenges for developing more coherent and systematic laws are identified, paving the way for designing more robust legal structures. Research Method: The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and data collection was carried out through library studies and review of relevant documents, books, and articles. Findings: The findings indicate that the reflection of a preventative approach in criminal policy in both systems is the most important similarity, but legal gaps in Iran necessitate the development of codified and systematic laws. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that designing coherent rules is an essential necessity, and a systematic system must be created in this area in order to be able to take more effective legal and preventive measures in the field of safety and health.

Aims Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Military personnel may be at increased risk due to occupational stress, irregular work hours, and varying patterns of physical activity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated demographic, occupational, and metabolic factors among Farajaa personnel in Tehran. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data recorded in the FARAJA health system from police personnel in Tehran who underwent blood pressure measurement in 2022 were analyzed. Blood pressure was classified based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, and laboratory data were extracted from the Behdaad system. Personnel were categorized according to their occupational unit. Both univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression were used to assess associations between variables and blood pressure levels. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 17, with significance set at p < 0. 05. Findings Among 4, 781 police personnel, the overall prevalence of hypertension was 59. 5%. Most participants were male (97. 8%), with a mean age of 36. 2 ± 7. 3 years. Higher BMI, elevated fasting blood sugar, low HDL cholesterol, and male sex were significantly associated with higher blood pressure levels. Occupational unit was also an independent predictor: staff in operational and relief units had lower hypertension risk compared to those in the patrol unit, while administrative personnel were at greater risk—even after adjusting for other variables. Conclusion The type of occupational unit, independent of clinical indicators, plays a significant role in the development of hypertension. Differences in physical activity levels, job-related stress, and lifestyle patterns across units may inform the design of targeted preventive interventions, particularly for administrative personnel.

Aims: Determining identity is an important issue for police. The purpose of this research was the pathology of identity authentication methods in unidentified decedents. Materials and Methods: The present research is a descriptive survey which was done with practical purpose and in documentary survey form. 90 cases of unidentified corpses (2017 to 2021) were investigated by the police of Qazvin province and after evaluating the cases, a questionnaire was prepared and used as a research tool. The questionnaire was distributed among the experts of the Department of Combating Criminal Crimes, Identity Detection, and the Forensic Medicine Organization of Qazvin Province among the statistical population (48 people). The aforementioned research was full-scale and the criteria for entering the study was at least 5 years of service experience and the exclusion criterion was not being satisfied with continuing to participate in the study. Analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistics (skewness and skewness, Friedman) using SPSS 23 software. Findings: In this research, 3 women and 45 men with a service history of at least 5 years of executive work with education, respectively, 2 had diplomas, 8 had associate degrees, 27 had a bachelor's degree, 8 had a master's degree, and 3 had PhD. The validity of the questionnaire used by experts was confirmed and its reliability was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 0. 79. Examining the questionnaire showed that doing the DNA test was more valuable than other variables in authenticating the corpses. The use of criminal photography, the matching of databases, and the corpse's belongings are in the next ranks. In examining the cases, the most important variable in identity authentication was the examination of fingerprints, and criminal photography, database matching, and corpse belongings were ranked next. Conclusion: According to the opinion of experts, DNA testing is the most effective method in authenticating the bodies, but due to its high cost, lack of sufficient laboratory equipment, and lack of knowledge in this field, this method is not used optimally. On the other hand, in the investigation of cases, the use of fingerprints was found to be an effective method. This method is suitable, easy, accessible, and low-cost, and the use of a fingerprint database and sufficient and appropriate knowledge of the relevant experts to use this method has made this method effective and suitable.

Aims: According to the type of activity in different parts of the work environment, military employees are subject to burnout and suffering from back pain. Considering its importance, this study evaluated the quality of life in patients with lumbar spine pain based on the type of treatment (surgical and non-surgical) in military personnel referred to Valiasr Hospital. Materials and Methods: In this cohort study, the samples were selected from among the military personnel patients who were referred to the physical medicine clinic, pain clinic, and spine surgery clinic of Valiasr Hospital in 2021 with chronic back pain. Sampling was done non-randomly and among the eligible patients and after obtaining the patients' consent, they were included in the study. The samples were divided into two non-surgical treatment groups and a surgical group, and at the beginning of the research and also one year after the start of the treatment, quality of life, pain intensity, and Oswestry questionnaires were completed by the researcher and through interviews with the patients. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t-tests, Wilcoxon, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis. Findings: In this study, 230 patients with an average age of 43. 3±8. 2 years were included in the study. In terms of gender ratio, the percentage of patients were female and 84% were male. Also, the average height in the patients of both studied groups was 169. 72±8. 60 cm and the average weight in both groups was 74. 25±8. 330 kg, which statistically did not have a significant difference between the two groups (p=0. 537). In terms of the indicators examined in the treatment of patients, the quality of life in both groups increased statistically significantly after treatment, and this increase was greater in the non-surgical group than in the surgical group. Also, both groups had a decrease in disability and pain intensity, which was statistically significant (p<0. 001). By comparing the amount of changes between the two groups, it was found that the decrease in disability and increase in quality of life was greater in the non-surgical group and the reduction in pain score was greater in the surgical group (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Both surgical and non-surgical treatment methods are significantly effective in improving the performance of patients with chronic back pain, but non-surgical treatments are more effective than surgical treatments in improving the quality of life and reducing pain in patients with chronic back pain.

Aims: Salmonella typhi is a gram-negative pathogen that causes typhoid fever. Since the least expensive way to combat this pathogen is vaccination, access to an effective vaccine is very important. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the proteome of this bacterium with 4322 proteins was extracted from the NCBI server and screened for antigenicity and allergenicity. Finally, the remaining proteins were used to predict T-cell-specific epitopes, and two immunogenic recombinant constructs consisting of epitopes and molecular adjuvant were designed (the first construct contains one repeat of each epitope and the second construct contains two repeats of each epitope). Physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structures, antigenicity, solubility, immune system stimulation ability, and molecular docking of each construct were evaluated by reliable online servers. Findings: At the end of the evaluation of 4322 proteins, seven proteins remained, and the process of predicting their MHCI and MHCII epitopes was completed, after re-evaluation of the epitopes, the desired structures were designed. Despite the observed expected results in both immunogenic structures, the second structure showed more stability and antigenic (the antigenicity of the first and second structures was 0. 6701 and 0. 6760, respectively). While both structures were hydrophilic, the distribution of extended sheet and random coil structures in the second structure was higher than in the first structure. Furthermore, the second structure was able to bind to its cell surface receptor with a lower docking energy and shorter average hydrogen bond length. Both structures were able to direct the immune system towards stimulating cellular immunity, i. e. increasing the secretion of T helper and T cytotoxic cells. Conclusion: Based on the presented results, it seems that the second construct, which includes two repeats of each epitope, is a more suitable candidate for the development of an immune vaccine against typhoid fever.

Aims: At the core of healthcare economics is cost analysis and pricing for each service unit. The purpose of this study was to calculate the costs of inpatient services covered by the global tariff and compare it with the approved tariff in hospitals in terms of profit and loss. Materials and Methods: This research is a type of applied research that was carried out in a descriptive-cross-sectional way and a cross-sectional and retrospective manner. The financial statements and files of global inpatient services included in the tariff of diagnostic and therapeutic services were reviewed. The cost allocation method in this research was based on a standard model and conformed to the conditions and requirements of military hospitals. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 29 software. Findings: The findings of the study showed that in ValiAsr hospital in Tehran, Iran, the average total tariff or cost related to matricectomyand nail bed, excision of cyst or pilonidal sinus (PNS), excision of cyst and fibroadenoma or other benign or malignant tumor, nasal fracture treatment, open treatment of nasal fracture and the retreatment of radius and ulna fractures was significantly higher than the rate of non-governmental first-class center related to this code. (P<0. 001). Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the costs of Global services and their approved tariffs, and because the actual service costs are high compared to the approved tariffs, ValiAsr and Imam Sajjad hospitals do not benefit from profit.

This article examines the importance of screening and cognitive assessment of elderly drivers in renewing their driving licenses. Given the increasing elderly population in Iran and the world, driving safety of this group has become an important issue, because the natural decline in cognitive abilities with age can negatively affect driving performance. In this regard, many countries have addressed this issue by implementing mandatory examinations and issuing conditional licenses, but in Iran, there is still no systematic system for cognitive screening of the elderly. Various studies show that 1) a decrease in cognitive abilities, especially processing speed, selective attention, planning, and cognitive flexibility, is most closely related to driving violations in the elderly. 2) Regular cognitive assessment can help reduce accidents and improve driving safety, 3) localization of cognitive screening methods and conducting national studies to adapt these methods to the cultural and social conditions of Iran are essential. Finally, 4) developing alternative transportation options for seniors who are no longer able to drive safely will contribute to community safety by maintaining their independence.

Aims: The staff and operational personnel of the police force are at risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders due to prolonged exposure to certain positions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of eight weeks of corrective exercises on the improvement of Upper Crossed Syndrome among staff and operational personnel of the police force and to compare this syndrome between the two groups. Materials and methods: In this applied study, which was an experimental interventional study, all 30 selected samples were classified into two groups of 15, consisting of staff and operational personnel, determined by the nature of their jobs, based on the inclusion criteria. All participants were selected through a census sampling method from individuals who visited the Hamadan Province Police Healthcare Center between March 2023 and June 2024 with complaints of cervical spine and shoulder pain. During the pre-test phase, forward head posture and rounded shoulders were assessed using photography, while increased kyphosis was measured using a flexible ruler. Participants then underwent eight weeks of selected corrective exercises. At the end of the protocol, post-test measurements were conducted in the same manner as the pre-test assessments. The dependent t-test was used for statistical analysis, and all data analyses were performed using SPSS software version 27. Findings:  In this study, the staff and operational participants were studied with a mean age of 34. 47±3. 46 and 38. 67±4. 22 years, respectively, and a body mass index of 26. 34±1. 81 and 23. 64±0. 62 kg/m2, respectively. The results showed that the selected corrective exercises in the staff group reduced the severity of forward head tilt (p=0. 005), rounded shoulders (p=0. 006), and increased kyphosis (p=0. 003). Also, in the operational group, the corrective exercises reduced the severity of forward head tilt (p=0. 003), rounded shoulders (p=0. 003), and increased kyphosis (p=0. 007). Conclusion: Regular and targeted corrective exercises are effective in reducing the severity of upper cross-over syndrome and musculoskeletal pain in police personnel.

Aims: Digital dentistry is not the wave of the future, it is happening now. Whether a dentist embraces the new technology determines the quality of treatment and possibly his future,for this reason, dentists and medical centers have no choice but to use and become familiar with digital dentistry. The present study aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of setting up a digital dental laboratory for a dental clinic and ultimately use its results to make better decisions about setting up this department. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted with the participation of 10 dental laboratory technicians and dental equipment stores, as well as 108 dentists and other dental department staff of several military centers in Tehran in 2024. In the first stage, a briefing plan for a prosthetic department with a digital approach was developed. Then, a questionnaire was developed based on the study of Bowen et al. to assess the opinions of dentists and dental department officials, and its validity and reliability were evaluated by 10 general dentists or dental prostheses specialists. Then, after reading the summary of the briefing plan, the participants answered the questions of the standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27. 0. 01 software and independent t-test. Before performing statistical tests, the assumption of normality of the total score distribution was examined using Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Findings: In the prepared justification plan, the investment cost required to launch a digital dental department was estimated at 10 billion Tomans, and then profitability indicators were calculated, and all indicators were assessed as appropriate (accumulated profit and loss of the first to fourth year in terms of million Rials, 16, 096 and 58, 059 and 140, 239 and 276, 621, respectively, as well as an internal rate of return of 60 percent and a payback period of 3 years). In the survey, participants predicted a high need for this department (76. 8 percent of people) and a high use of the services provided by dentists in this center (86. 4 percent). On the other hand, based on the participant's perspective, technical ability (65. 7 percent of people), the ability to provide the necessary environment (60. 9 percent of people), and the ability to provide financial resources for the initial investment (52. 8 percent of people) were the limitations in launching a digital dental department, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the developed plan, a review of service statistics, and then calculating the cost-income ratio, financial indicators assess the appropriateness of establishing such a center.

Aims: In war-torn areas, triage systems face challenges such as the destruction of healthcare infrastructure (72% in Gaza, 2023), resource shortages, and ongoing security threats that negatively impact their efficiency and effectiveness. This situation results in reduced patient survival rates, ethical dilemmas, and limitations in the application of new technologies. This study aimed to provide evidence-based solutions to improve the management of triage systems in war-torn areas, focusing on regional differences, ethical challenges, and technological solutions in the wars in Gaza, Yemen, and Ukraine, to help increase the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of health care delivery in humanitarian crises. Materials and Methods: This narrative review was conducted by analyzing secondary data from the wars in Gaza, Yemen, and Ukraine (2015-2024). Quantitative data (survival rate, triage time) were extracted from WHO/ICRC reports and PubMed articles. Qualitative data included interviews with medical staff and content analysis of field reports. New technologies (artificial intelligence, VR) were evaluated using purposive sampling. Analyses were conducted using a SWOT framework and a descriptive-analytical approach. Findings: Survival rates in Ukraine (78.5%) were higher than in Gaza (51.2%), which is due to better infrastructure and international cooperation. Local systems in Yemen need standardization. Ethical dilemmas, such as decision-making based on the chance of survival, were reported in 68% of cases. The use of AI in Ukraine reduced triage time by 40%, but in Gaza, it was limited due to power outages. It was suggested to develop protocols based on START and TCCC and to establish strategic reserves of triage kits. Conclusion: Improving triage systems requires multifaceted policymaking, encompassing enhancements to infrastructure, the strategic use of technology, and the resolution of ethical dilemmas. International cooperation and standardization of indigenous systems are essential. New technologies such as artificial intelligence and VR play an important role in reducing operation times and training forces. The development of comprehensive protocols and strategic reserves should be on the agenda, and the future should focus on the impacts of climate change and the ethical aspects of new technologies.

Aims: Fentanyl is a morphine-like drug that has a higher pain-relieving potency and is effective in a short period. This study aimed to examine and analyze the challenges facing police in dealing with fentanyl as a growing global threat. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted with a mixed approach (descriptive-research) in the spring and summer of 2024 at the Forensic Chemistry Laboratory of the Farajah Identification Center. The descriptive part included a review of reliable scientific sources to describe the nature of fentanyl and the threats associated with it. In the experimental part, the collaboration of the Criminal Chemistry Laboratory of the Police Identification Center and the Narcotics Group of the Police University was utilized. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was used to accurately identify fentanyl in suspect samples. Findings: In this study, out of a total of five suspicious powder samples analyzed using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, two samples contained fentanyl and heroin. Conclusion: The findings of this study, including the results of laboratory and experimental work on suspect samples, indicate that the Iranian Police Command is able to accurately identify fentanyl in various samples by utilizing advanced drug analysis methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (G-MS). These findings also indicate that the force is prepared to face possible future fentanyl crises. In addition, the challenges faced by the police in managing this crisis are identified, and accurate and rapid information is provided to the competent authorities.

Journal of Police Medicine is the only scientific journal of the Directorate of Health, rescue, and Treatment of Iran police headquarters, which generally publishes articles related to the physical and mental health of police forces, rescue, treatment, and rehabilitation of police forces and police missions too. This journal started its twelfth volume as a bilingual journal and published the full text of 28 articles out of 85 received in both English and Persian languages from the beginning of 2023. Since 2022, to increase the international audience, this journal has published the main content of articles in English under the title of an extended abstract, and in 2023, it completed this action by publishing the full text of all articles in English. The acceptance rate of articles in this period was 32.94% and the rejection rate was 69.41%, of which 63.4% quickly and 21.6% after the refereeing process were rejected. In this journal, with the frequency of continuous publication, compared to the articles published in the previous volume, an 11.46% decrease in the acceptance rate and a 13.81% increase in the rejection rate were observed. Finally, the number of articles published in this issue decreased by 30% compared to last year. It seems that one of the most important reasons for the increase in rejection and decrease in the publication of articles in this volume and issue was a rejection of articles without an ethics code, which caused a large drop in the acceptance of articles even though the number of submissions was almost the same as in volume 11 [1]. The average time to decide to accept articles in 2023 was 83 days and the average time from acceptance to publication of articles was calculated to be 18 days.

Aims: CRISPR is one of the most important gene editing tools that has been developed rapidly in biotechnology. Apart from the application of CRISPR in gene editing, this technique can be used to design new and accurate diagnostic methods. The aim of this study is to introduce the diagnostic applications of CRISPR and to examine the unique futures of this technology. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted from spring to winter 2024 by reviewing and interpreting authoritative articles and related scientific books. The keywords searched were generally related to CRISPR technology and included gene editing, cas, CRISPR based biosensor, and CRISPR-Chip in Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and other authoritative databases. Findings: The coronavirus pandemic has led to the development of diagnostic methods that can quickly and accurately detect the presence or absence of a pathogen. The design of portable CRISPR kits, while being simple to operate and not requiring the participation of specialized individuals, can be a suitable option and be beneficial to society in terms of money and time. CRISPR microarrays or CRISPR–Chips are the latest diagnostic kits that are capable of identifying the target at femtomolar detection levels without the need for genome amplification. This method can also be used in criminal identification. Conclusion: In the fields of medicine, criminal identification, biosecurity and food security, the development of diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity, low cost, rapid response and simultaneous detection of multiple targets is very necessary. The CRISPR–Chip is considered one of the promising methods for the development of new diagnostic kits for the identification of biological samples and genome pathogens.

Aims: Shift work is implemented in various formats or systems, each with its characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages, and can adversely affect various aspects of human life. Reduced life expectancy affects physical and mental health and is the final consequence of job stress in many shift work occupations, including nursing. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting life expectancy in shift doctors in the emergency department. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted in 2023 at the Applied Research Center of Police in which shift-working doctors of the emergency department were included. The study population consisted of shift doctors in the emergency department of 50 hospitals and clinics related to Iran and Alborz Universities of Tehran and Karaj with at least 6 months of continuous work experience with fixed and rotating shifts in 2022. Sampling was done using a stratified method with a sample size of 300 people (95% confidence level). For this purpose, Miller's Hope Questionnaire along with a questionnaire to collect demographic information was provided to the doctors in different work shifts while explaining the objectives of the study and training instructions and how to complete them. Then the data was analyzed by SPSS software version 26. Appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests, including t-test and ANOVA, were utilized to compare numeric data. Also, correlations between numeric data were assessed through Pearson’s correlation and linear regression. Findings: 313 people (158 women), including 94 general practitioners (30%), 197 emergency physicians (62. 9%), and 22 physicians specializing in other fields (7%), with a mean age of 44. 07 ± 7. 47 years, were included in the study. The mean score of the life expectancy test had significant differences in different subgroups of marital status (p<0. 001), parenthood (p<0. 001), child living with the parent in question (p<0. 001), field of study (p<0. 001), spouse employment (p=0. 008), level of satisfaction with one's work situation (p<0. 001), level of satisfaction with one's life situation (p<0. 001), desire to change careers in the current situation (p<0. 001), traveling to relieve job stress (p<0. 001), interacting with relatives to relieve job stress (p<0. 001), exercising to relieve job stress (p<0. 001), adequate sleep during the day (p<0. 001), specific illness of first-degree family members (p=0. 04), and shift status in the emergency room (p<0. 001). Also, the results of linear regression showed that the age of physicians, the duration of physicians' marriage, the overall work experience of physicians, and the experience of physicians working in the emergency department significantly predicted the life expectancy test score (R2=0. 216 and F=(5, 211)11. 64 and p<0. 001). Conclusion: Inappropriate shift work reduces life expectancy and, as a result, disrupts the personal, family, and professional lives of healthcare personnel. In addition, demographic characteristics, shift work, adequate nighttime sleep, living conditions, travel, exercise, contact with relatives, specific physical or psychological illnesses, and specific illnesses of family members have a significant effect on life expectancy. Also, increasing shift work of emergency department physicians, especially night shifts, significantly reduces the life expectancy of this group of physicians.

Aims: The loss of a child due to a violent death, such as homicide, is a harrowing event for any parent. The present study aims to identify the coping strategies of grieving parents who have lost their child as a result of homicide and to explore the principles of working with this group of survivors. The study was carried out in two phases. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study, using a phenomenological approach, was conducted in the first half of 2024. The study population consisted of parents who had lost their child due to intentional homicide. These individuals were selected via purposive sampling from among those who attended the judicial courts in Gilan Province. The sample size was based on data saturation, and data were analyzed using the Collaizi method. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were used to assess the content validity of the intervention. Findings: 13 mothers and one father participated in this study, with a mean age of 55.69±8.24. The qualitative analysis of the interviews identified 16 principles and 11 coping strategies. Additionally, according to the CVI and CVR values (0.98 and 0.84), the Integrated Homicide Bereavement Intervention (IHBI) demonstrated strong content validity in the study's second phase. Conclusion: The principles identified in this study provide a practical framework for psychologists working in organizations such as prisons, courts, police, and forensic medicine to effectively guide the bereavement process of homicide survivors in a way that addresses the specific needs of this group. Some of these principles have a general nature, while others are focused explicitly on homicide-related grief.

Aims: Job stress, reduced quality of life, and fatigue are major factors in reducing productivity in organizations and causing physical and psychological complications in nursing personnel. Since job stress in nurses, as an important component of the health care system, has a significant impact on the quality of clinical care, this study investigated the effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral stress reduction on job stress, dimensions of quality of work life, and components of fatigue in nurses. Materials and Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with two groups (an experimental group and a control group). The statistical population of the study included all nurses working at Shahid Mahallati Hospital in 2023, which is about 500 people. Among the nurses working at the hospital, 30 people who met the inclusion criteria for the study were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The research tools included Chalder et al.'s Chronic Fatigue Questionnaire (1993), Job Stress Questionnaire (1990), Walton's Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (1973), and cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention according to the Anthony model (2009). The experimental group received training in 9 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using SPSS software version 28. Findings: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral stress reduction training affected reducing fatigue and its components (mental and physical) in nurses (p<0.05). Cognitive-behavioral stress reduction training had an effect on occupational stress in nurses (p<0.001). Cognitive-behavioral stress reduction training affected components of quality of work life in nurses (p<0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that cognitive-behavioral stress reduction training can be used to reduce fatigue, quality of work life, and job stress in nurses.

Aims: The military forces protect the country's independence and security, and due to their inherent characteristics, they are always faced with numerous job issues, and the physical and mental health of these employees is at risk. The present study was conducted to investigate the structural model of the relationship between organizational support, job stress, and quality of work life with depression with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in employees of Tehran Police Stations. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this correlational descriptive research was all the employees of Tehran Police Stations, and 350 of their forces were selected as the research sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research tools included the Beck Depression Inventory, Eisenberger's Organizational Support, Iran Police Stress Scale, Walton's Quality of Work Life, and Garnefski and Kraaij's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. The analysis of the research data was done in two sections, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method using SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 software. Findings: The findings of the research showed that adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies played a partial mediating role (p<0. 01) in the relationship between organizational support and depression, and played a fully mediating role (p<0. 01) between the quality of work-life and depression,However, non-adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation only had a partial mediating role (p<0. 01) in the relationship between organizational support and depression. Organizational support directly and indirectly and the quality of work life indirectly affected depression (p<0. 01). Job stress only directly predicted depression (p<0. 01). Conclusion: Adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation can reduce the effects of job problems and improve the mental health of police officers.

Aims: The phenomenon of stress and psychological strain is an inevitable part of professional life in the workplace. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a group training package based on cognitive empowerment on police personnel's burnout. Materials and Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population included all police officers in Urmia in 2024, of whom 30 people were selected as the research sample based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent a cognitive empowerment-based training package for 8 sessions (2 sessions per week for 60 minutes), and the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data analysis was performed using the repeated measures analysis of variance method and SPSS 23 software. Findings: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the group were 32. 80±5. 92 years and the mean and standard deviation of the age of the control group were 32. 19±6. 07 years. The group training package based on cognitive empowerment was able to explain 37. 6% of the changes in emotional exhaustion, 33. 7% of the changes in lack of personal success, and 29. 2% of the changes in depersonalization. The results of data analysis showed that after the intervention, the effect of the training package based on cognitive empowerment on the burnout of police employees was significant (p<0. 001) and these positive effects remained stable during the follow-up period (p<0. 001). Conclusion: The results showed that the group training package based on cognitive empowerment was effective in reducing burnout and its components.

Aims: Mistakes in transferring a doctor's prescription to a patient are among the most common causes of prescription errors. These errors can often result from a doctor's illegible handwriting. The introduction of electronic prescriptions is expected to reduce the mistakes associated with manual prescriptions. This study aimed to examine the errors in prescriptions recorded in the Social Security insurance electronic prescription system during the first three months after the implementation of the electronic prescription requirement. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the last quarter of 2021 at the 13 Aban 24-hour pharmacy in Tehran. The research involved a review of 6, 210 electronic prescriptions recorded in the Social Security Organization's electronic prescription system from November to March 2021. The study focused on identifying the number of prescriptions that contained incorrect drug entries, ambiguous drug prescriptions, and those that included specific annotations or the phrase "as prescribed" in the drug instructions. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2010. Findings: In a review of 6, 210 electronic prescriptions, 4, 350 (70. 06%) were found to have no errors or ambiguities. Conversely, 1, 436 prescriptions (23. 12%) contained at least one error, while 459 prescriptions (7. 39%) included at least one ambiguity. Additionally, the phrase "as prescribed" appeared in 3, 183 prescriptions (51. 26%), and 928 prescriptions (14. 94%) included additional explanations. Conclusion: This study's results indicate that while converting prescriptions from handwritten to electronic formats has eliminated errors associated with illegible handwriting, it has also introduced new types of errors. As a result, the overall rates of errors in electronic prescriptions have not significantly changed compared to handwritten prescriptions.

Aims: Proving forcible sexual offenses (Zina bil-onf) within the Iranian criminal justice system faces significant challenges, where forensic medical opinions serve as crucial evidence. This study aimed to analyze the role of forensic medical assessments in establishing such crimes, focusing on their capacities and limitations throughout the judicial process. Materials and Methods: This research employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library sources, legal documents, forensic reports, and selected court rulings. First, the legal and theoretical framework was examined, followed by content analysis of judicial decisions and forensic medical reports related to sexual offenses involving force. Findings: The study's findings revealed that forensic medical opinions were often undermined or ambiguous due to delayed referrals, destruction of evidence (e.g., washing), lack of cooperation from the victim, or the absence of clear standards for interpreting findings. However, in cases where the examination had been conducted promptly and both physical and psychological evidence had been properly documented, the forensic opinion had played a decisive role in establishing rape. Conclusion: Enhancing the role of forensic medicine in the criminal process, developing detailed guidelines for the documentation of examinations, and providing specialized training for forensic experts and law enforcement officers could have contributed to increasing the accuracy of rape adjudication and improving judicial integrity.

AIMS: Nurses in the emergency department encounter life-and-death situations daily and are required to deliver skilled and high-quality care to their patients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of mindfulness-based stress management training on distress tolerance, psychological fatigue, and job performance among emergency department nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current research employs a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design involving two groups. The target population includes all nurses working in the emergency department of Al-Ghadir Hospital in Tabriz in 2024. A sample of 32 nurses was purposefully selected from this population and then divided into two equal groups using simple random sampling. The experimental group participated in mindfulness-based stress management training, which consisted of eight sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. In contrast, the control group did not receive any intervention. The research utilized several data collection tools, including Simon and Gaher’s distress tolerance questionnaires, Yoder’s mental fatigue questionnaire, and Paterson’s job performance questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using both univariate and multivariate covariance tests in SPSS 26 software. FINDINGS: In this study, one sample from the control group and one from the experimental group were removed, leaving a total of 30 participants. The average age of subjects in the control group was 35.13±6.76 years, while in the experimental group, it was 35.40±7.01 years. The results of the multivariate covariance test indicated a significant difference in distress tolerance among emergency department nurses between the experimental and control groups following mindfulness stress management training (p<0.05). Furthermore, the univariate covariance test revealed significant effects on mental fatigue (p<0.001; F=108.53) and job performance (p<0.001; F=44.99) among participants in the experimental group, with substantial improvements in their average scores. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study, mindfulness-based stress management therapy can be a suitable option for reducing job stress and increasing job performance in nurses. According to the results of the present study, mindfulness-based stress management therapy can be a suitable option for reducing job stress and increasing job performance in nurses

Aims: Cognitive biomarkers are indicative of the diagnosis or progression of cognitive disorders. Military personnel can suffer from numerous behavioral disorders that affect their cognitive processes. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the most important effective biomarkers and investigate therapeutic opportunities based on them in order to improve the psychological disorders in question. Materials and Methods: In the present non-systematic review study, after identifying keywords equivalent to psychological disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and chronic stress in MeSH among military personnel between 2000 and 2024, articles related to biomarkers involved in the target psychological disorders and their corresponding drug combinations were searched in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, ISI, and Google Scholar databases. Finally, the obtained data were collected and interpreted. Findings: The data indicated the presence of 56 cognitive biomarkers linked to the aforementioned disorders. These biomarkers encompass a range of indicators such as those associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, steroid hormones, metabolic hormones, immune system, proteomics factors, inflammation factors, serotonin receptors, growth factors, autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, and antioxidants. These biomarkers are the focus of various clinical studies as potential functional biological targets for pharmaceutical compound development. Conclusion: Psychological disorders can have profound implications on the well-being of military personnel and their effectiveness in carrying out duties, impacting both their own health and that of others. Hence, precise screening and identification of diagnostic factors are crucial for implementing appropriate treatment measures, particularly among military personnel.

Background and Aims: Determining the chemical profile plays a fundamental role in identifying the medicinal impurities of heroin and investigating the harmful effects of its abuse. The purpose of this research was to identify the medicinal impurities of exposed heroin using the techniques of gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to compare and investigate the changes in heroin impurities in the past few years. Method: The current research is analytical-applied. The statistical population of the research included 440 seized heroin samples nationwide, and the samples were analyzed in the reference laboratory for the analysis of narcotics and psychotropic substances by the police in 2023. To determine the profile of heroin samples, 5 mg of each heroin powder sample was dissolved in one milliliter of ethanol and chloroform (1: 1) solution containing 0. 3 mg of docosane external standard, with the help of an ultrasonic device, and to identify drug impurities in heroin by GC-MS and GC-FID devices were injected. Finding: The drugs acetaminophen, caffeine, dextromethorphan, diazepam, phenobarbital, lidocaine, clotrimazole, and phenolphthalein were present as impurities in the exposed heroin samples. Caffeine, acetaminophen, and dextromethorphan were added in high amounts to increase the amount, and diazepam, phenobarbital, lidocaine, and clotrimazole were added in small amounts to increase the effects of heroin. In 440 examined samples, 75% of the samples had caffeine, 41% acetaminophen, and 28% dextromethorphan, 5% of the samples had other drugs and 25% of the samples had no drug impurities. Result: The drug profile of exposed heroin shows that marketed heroin has numerous drug additives and their type and frequency are changing. Caffeine, acetaminophen, and dextromethorphan are the most important heroin additives that are added to increase the effects and quantity. The addition of these drugs to open heroin has an increasing trend. Tramadol, bipyridine, pheniramine, chloroquine, and clonazepam, which were added to heroin in 2006 and 2007, have been removed from the composition of heroin since 2013 and replaced by clotrimazole, diazepam, phenolphthalein, and lidocaine. Despite reports of the presence of xylazine, fentanyl, olanzapine, sertraline, and trimethoprim in the composition of open heroin in other countries, the desired medicinal substances were not found in open heroin in the country.

Aims: Musculoskeletal injuries are one of the most common injuries during military training. These injuries can increase absenteeism reduce the ability of people during military operations and bring huge costs to the annual budget of the armed forces. In this research, concerning police training, the prevalence of these injuries and related factors among the participants of the police training course were investigated. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in that interviews with people were conducted between December and February of 2023. 360 people (including 4 groups of 90 people) who met the study criteria were selected and included in the study. Definitive diagnosis of trauma patients was based on history, physical examination, and, if necessary, examination of images and radiology report. The prevalence of physical traumas as well as the frequency of injuries in each area compared to the total injuries were measured and the possible relationship between the variables and the incidence of trauma was measured by SPSS 29 statistical software and the conclusion was reported. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests for normal variables and Mann–Whitney test for abnormal or qualitative variables were used to test and investigate the hypotheses. Findings: The average age, weight, height and body mass index of the employees were 21. 19±0. 81 years, 75. 7±8. 25 kg, 180±2. 514 cm, and 23. 20±2. 4 kg/m2, respectively. The results showed that the prevalence of trauma among police personnel during training was 43. 3%, and the highest percentage (60. 90%) was related to the lower limbs. 44 out of 90 fourth-year participants had injuries. People who had trauma were significantly older, heavier, and taller than the group without trauma (p<0. 05),But the average number of hours of physical training in them was less than that of employees who did not have trauma. The results of the chi-square test showed that having trauma had no statistically significant relationship with pre-service activity (p=0. 614) and history of fracture before the course (p>0. 05), but absenteeism had a statistically significant relationship with employee trauma (p<0. 0001). Conclusion: During the training period of police officers, the most trauma is in the lower limb area, and people with older age, higher weight, higher height, and less physical training are more exposed to trauma.

Aims: Criminologists agree that the increase in cybercrimes, including cyberbullying, is a result of technological advances that have changed social interaction and people's behavior and has become a common psychosocial problem and maladjustment in the child and adolescent population. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the antecedents, consequences, and interventions related to cyberbullying and victimization in the available research conducted inside the country in the years 2013 to 2023 and based on a systematic review. Materials and Methods: Research records were searched using multiple internal electronic databases and using keywords such as cyberbullying and victimization, cyber violence, cyber harassment, cyberbullying and cyber victim, cyber violence, and cyber harassment. After extraction, the content of the research was qualitatively evaluated, and content analysis was used to examine the data. Findings: After searching and evaluating the studies, the final analysis was done on 30 studies with 40 investigated variables. Most of the research included the fields of antecedents and equally related to outcomes and interventions. The findings showed that the antecedents can be placed in three categories of factors related to culture, cognition, and emotion. Also, interventions and estimated outcomes can be placed separately in a separate class, as a summary. Conclusion: The present research can help to clarify the antecedents, consequences, and interventions related to the field of cyberbullying and victimization and provide a comprehensive plan for conducting studies in a more coherent and high-quality manner for researchers in future research.