Ethics in Science and Technology
Year:2012 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Background: Human cloning is one of the most controversial issues in Medical ethics, having both advocates and opponents. This paper examines and critiques the opponents’ reasons against human cloning.Methods: The methods of this paper is analytic. First, the most important reasons given by the opponents of human cloning are presented and then they are analyzed and critiqued. Some of these reasons are as follows: the violation of human dignity and the principle of human autonomy, the violation of the principle of authority and the Principle of Informed Consent, as well as the risk of eugenics, its being unnatural, and its being interference in the work of God.Conclusion: The writer believes that the opponents’ Ethical arguments on the prohibition of human cloning are not convincing -as they do not prove the essential immorality of this new technology. Therefore, given the potential benefits of this technology, research may be permitted to be carried out on it. Controlled human cloning on a limited scale is acceptable from ethical point of view.

Background: Challenges existing and facing Human Today, such as economic issues, environmental and social are important challenges of new century. In order to solve these problems by experts, sustainable development has been raised. In order to achieve sustainable development, the importance of attention of The various sciences is felt. operation research according to Their ethical duties Must now more than ever, considering the complexity of community issues, to play Its role in community decision-making process.Methods: In this review, while addressing issues of sustainable development and the complexities of the Today world Note this is that Traditional approaches Operations Research is not responsive to complex problems and the Not structure present, and the role of Two approaches advanced of Operations Research In contributing to sustainable development has been introduced.Results: This study With review of literature on ethics in Operations Research and Management Science, assistance with respect to ethics in the field to sustainable development has identified. Also, two approach multiple criteria decision making with respect to various aspects such as environmental, social and economic issues facing sustainable development and system dynamics with capable of investigating long-term effects of decisions policy makers on environmental and society has been introduced.Conclusion: Traditional and single-dimensional approaches operations research are not Responsive to complex social and ethical issues today human. can be to use of two advanced approaches system dynamics and multiple criteria decision making in solving the problems of sustainable development. Operations Research Society and the professionals required to develop and use techniques that are responsive to these issues is human and social.

Background: Art is treated the main road of different sciences for discovering the truth in transcendental way and also is a place for manifestation the conceptual unknown thoughts with the help of pleasurable subjects and scenes. The base and fact of creating attractive artistic works and the great reason of its aesthetics and eternality is the existence of artist who can convey his/her individual characteristics by ethics. In this view the medium is art production. According to this point, the art also has the situation of understanding artist’s ethics and also attending his/her inner intuitions. The marvelous beautifulness of artistic works specially the old one is for the case of artist purification who could obtain chivalry methods to gain the best existence features by patience and show the whole in art. Nowadays the fastness of daily life and the speed entering of new technology to our life caused us to forget what is the real and extract meaning of being alive. The influence of such a changing on modern arts can be observed by everyone since the concept of traditional Iranian arts has two features, one is the surface and the other is the meaning. We are focusing on the second part more than other elements in this article. Ethics and chivalry are the best known characteristics of the artist which will be the cause of innovation. Today by considering high rate of Iranian population among the youths if we don’t note to the ethics structure of artistic works, we will see wandering works without identity as a result. Loosing these items and forgetting the ego of the creator of artistic works establish a kind of changing towards down grading of our last civilization.Methods: Documentation from library and similar places has been the main source for surveying on this article according to analytical evaluation for result.Conclusion: Morality must have suitable place on producing Iranian arts as conceptual point of view. By putting away this function maybe the future will be the witness of basically moving the structure of creating Iranian arts.

Background: Recently, one of the main factors in prohibiting academic development and writing scientific articles is the phenomena of plagiarism. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the role of demographic factors on the plagiarism from the viewpoints of Isfahan University’s students.Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlation one. For gathering information, self made questionnaire was used.370 students were randomly selected among different disciplines proportionate to the whole students of each Isfahan University’s disciplines in academic year 1388-1389. Data were analyzed by using independent t-test and one way variance analysis (ANOVA).Results: Findings of this study indicated that there were significant relationship between students’ genders, disciplines and some of the realized effective factors for students’ plagiarism such as (Pressure, students’ scores, professors’ weak reaction towards plagiarism, rules and regulations for plagiarism in the university, students’ prior knowledge, access to information and communication technologies such as Internet, previous training, cultural and ethical values).Conclusion: The suggested plagiarism preventative strategies are: increasing the students’ self efficacy and self confidence in writing academic paper, reducing the environmental pressures and studenیts’ tasks workloads, establishing systematic rules and regulation for punishing plagiarizers in the university level and society, and making changes in the methods for assessing students’ academic achievements.

Background: Ethics and professional behavior is very important for the accounting profession. Today’s, professional behavior has relevance in all activities that deal with the public interest and Ensure to financial statements users and the reliability strongly depend on believes that Accountants and auditors committed to Code of Professional Conduct. Therefore, the purpose of this study is impact of professional ethics of accountants on financial statements reliability.Methods: Statistical population is included financial managers, audit managers, audit supervisors, accounting book authors, faculty members, doctoral students and researchers of Auditing Organization that are familiar enough with the research subject. Methods of data collection were questionnaire. According to the theoretical foundations, five dimensions were identified for professional ethics (honesty, qualification, secrecy, independence and conflict of interest) and three dimensions for reliability (present fairly, verifiability and neutrality). To analyze is used these methods: Test Kolmogorov – Smirnov for variables normal distribution testing, Correlation and regression tests for hypotheses testing and Friedman testing for test of equal rank (priority) Dimensions variable.Results: There is a significant relationship between accountants’ professional ethics and financial statement reliability and Correlation coefficient between two variables is positive and high. R2 shows that about 35% variability financial statement reliability variable is the expression by the accountants’ professional ethics variable.Conclusion: The results show that accountant’s professional ethics in all aspects has a great relationship with financial statements reliability. However, it seems this matter has not been attention theoretically Iran.

Background: Research has shown that ethical leadership has a significant role in increasing organizational trust and psychological healthy workplace. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between ethical leadership, psychological healthy workplace and organizational trust.Methods: An available sample of 290 male and female employees of a company selected through stratified random sampling completed Ethical Leadership, psychological healthy workplace and Organizational Trust Questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis.Results: The results showed significant positive correlations between psychological healthy workplace and organizational trust with ethical leadership and also significant positive relationship between psychological healthy workplace and organizational trust. Furthermore, regression analysis indicated that ethical leadership and psychological healthy workplace can significantly predict organizational trust. The results of stepwise regression indicated that, psychological healthy workplace and ethical leadership could explain 15.4 percent of organizational trust variance.Conclusion: The results revealed that organizational trust can be promoted by improving ethical leadership and psychological healthy workplace.

Background: later, until the end of 20th century, customer satisfaction and loyalty were just a slogan. Nowadays, there are a lot of efforts for improving the tools for quality management and extending the customer orientation culture by researchers, experts and managers of organizations. This issue improves that loyalty is the most important criteria for determining the organizations’ success and increasing the benefit which can be obtained by ethics and professional behavior.Methods: this research, according to its goal, is an apply research, and as data collection point of view (for validating the hypothesis and questions) is descriptive and is from regression branch. The data used are collected form 150 customers of branches of Bank XYZ in Tehran and the presented model has been tested by t-test examine.Results: statistical analysis shows ethics and professional behavior affects the loyalty of customers and there is a significant relationship between them.Conclusion: this research shows loyalty can be shaped from ethics and professional behavior. Between the recognized factors, confidentially has the most relationship with loyalty.