MEDICAL JOURNAL OF TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2020 | Volume:41 | Issue:6|Papers Count:13

Background: The acromioclavicular joint dislocation is one of the most common joint injuries that despite different methods of repair in cases of dislocation of grade 3 to 6, there are still many conflicts regarding the efficacy of these methods in previous studies. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the patients' recovery and function after the fixation of the acromioclavicular joint with grade 3-6 using two surgical methods including pin and screw tools. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 34 patients with dislocation of acromioclavicular joint with grade 3 to 6 who were treated with pin (group 1) or screw (group 2) in two groups of 17 patients were studied. Satisfaction from surgery and functional recovery were assessed using the Shoulder score questionnaire. Results: Overall satisfaction rate was 88. 2% in the group 1 and 82. 4% in the group 2 (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in the range of motion in different motions of the joint (p>0. 05). The score for the shoulder score questionnaire was 11. 23 in the first group and 11. 70 in the second group was, which did not show significant difference (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Surgical treatment using pin and screw tools in cases of acromioclavicular joint dislocation with grade 3-6 can achieve the same therapeutic and functional results. However, more studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of these two tools in various cases of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Background: Probiotics are normal flora bacteria. So far, variousmechanisms have been identified for the effects of probiotics such as stimulating the immune system, modulating the composition of the normal flora of the digestive, urinaryand genital tract, and preventing the activity of fecal carcinogenicenzymes. Due to the high concentration ofnormal flora in the intestine and the nature of the most sporadicof colorectal cancers, this cancer is among the main candidates fortreatment with probiotics. In this study, the expression of NF-KB and MAPK genes were investigated HT29 colon cancer cells which co-cultered with Streptococcusthermophilus. Methods: Supernatant and bacterial extract wereprepared from bacterial culture, and the cells were treated with these agents. Following, the effects ofcytotoxicity of the bacterial cell extract on the HT29 cell line during24hours were investigated using MTT method. Also, the expression ofNF-KB and MAPK genes in HT29 cell line was investigated using Real TimePCR Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The results of MTT test showed that concentration of bacteria with OD= 0. 05 had thehighest killing power in 4 hours. Streptococcus thermophilus increases the expression of MAPK genes and significantly reduces theexpression of NF-KB genes and causes apoptosis in cancer cells. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Streptococcusthermophiluscan be used to create a novel therapeutic treatment with highimpact, low side effects, bioavailability and cost reduction, or as asuitable side therapy.

Background: The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of six weeks resistance training with different order on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance index in overweight women. Methods: 31 overweight women with average age of 22/35 ± 2/35 years and with BMI= 27/74 ± 2/47 kg/m2 were selected and randomly divided into three groups: the experimental group 1 (N = 10), the experimental group 2 (N = 11) and the control group (N = 10). The experimental group one performed exercises from large to small muscles and experimental group two, performed exercises from small to large muscles. The training program was performed three times a week and each session included three sets with 12 repetitions and intensity of 50-60% 1RM. The rest time between the stations was three minutes and the rest time between each set was two minutes. The control group did not have activity during these six weeks. Blood sampling was performed in two stages 24 hours before the start of the protocol and again 20 hours after the completion of the course, with completely similar conditions and followed by 12-14 hours of fasting. Results: By using repeated ANOVA, results showed that adiponectin did not change significantly in any of the experimental groups (p =0/99). Insulin resistance index decreased significantly in two experimental groups and the type of resistance training did not effect this index (P=0/15). Conclusion: Resistance training program and so changing the sequence of performance of resistance exercise – none of them – do not have any effect on adiponectin and insulin resistance index.

Background: Adipose tissue has an important role in inducing lung dysfunction through production and secretion of adipokins such as leptin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of moderate intensity exercise training on Lung function, serum leptin levels and lipid profile in inactive obese men. Methods: This research was conducted with a semi-experimental methodology with pre-test and post-test. Twenty-two inactive obese men (18 to 30 years old) voluntarily participated in this study and randomly divided into two exercise (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. Subjects performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting, before and after the 12-week of exercise training program. Serum leptin levels, Lipid profile and pulmonary function were measured before and after of 12 week moderate intensity exercise training. All statistical tests (paired sample T-test, Independent T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient) were performed and considered significant at a p≤ 0. 05. Results: The results of this study showed that after 12 weeks of moderate intensity exercise levels of triglyceride (P=0. 001), cholesterol (P=0. 001), leptin (P=0. 001), LDL (P=0. 001), and VLDL (P=0. 01) decreased and HDL (P=0. 001) increased after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise compared to baseline in exercise group. Also FVC (P=0. 022) and MVV (P=0. 02) significantly increased. Conclusion: Twelve week of moderate intensity exercise training caused favorable changes in lipid profile, obesity-related metabolic biomarkers and Pulmonary function in inactive obese men.

Background: Common complications of intubation is cough and sore throat after surgery, which increase the complications and dissatisfaction of patients, therefore, it is necessary to find a way to treat this complication. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lidocaine injection with two different concentrations (2% and 4%) in the tracheal cuff on cough and sore throat after surgery and compared with control group (normal saline). Methods: This study was performed on 96 patients undergoing surgery (32 patients in each group). Patients were randomly assigned into three groups (2 to 5 cc lidocaine 2%, lidocaine 4%, and normal saline) and the drugs were prescribed preoperatively in cuff of the endotracheal tube. Vital signs, sore throats and frequency of coughing were recorded in the patients. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to compare the data. Results: The mean score of pain in recovery and 24 hours after extubation in the lidocaine group was 4% and was the highest in the normal saline group (P = 0. 002 and P = 0. 019). The prevalence of cough after 12 and 24 from extubation in the lidocaine 4% group (2. 6% and 0 respectively) and in the normal saline group was highest (37. 5% and 25% respectively) (P=0. 003 and P=0. 007, respectively). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that the prevalence of cough and the mean pain in patients receiving lidocaine 4% was significantly better than the 2% and normal saline groups, and also no other complications such as hemodynamic changes was not observed in the three groups.

Background: The prevalence of obesity and type2 diabetes are escalating at an alarming rate in many developed as well as developing countries. Irisin is a novel muscle and adipose derived chemokine that is, proteolytically processed from the product of the FNDC5 (fibronectin type ш domain containing 5) gene. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of tow kind of training on irisin in sedentary obese women. Methods: In this study 22 obese women (medium age: 37± 6 year, height: 1. 55 ± 0. 04 meter, BMI: 35 ± 0. 29 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to two training groups Isocracy (resisting (n: 12) and concurrent (n: 11)). They attributed for three sessions a week for eight weeks. Before and after the period, the levels of irisin, fasting glucose, insulin and insulin resistance with HOMA-IR index and viscera ratio to body muscle were investigated. Finally, the data were analyzed using tow way ANOVA evaluated. Results: After 8 weeks exercise glucose in resistance groups and irisin in all groups had significant changes (P<0. 05) but we did not find significant differences in fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and irisin between the groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion: In summery in this study there were no difference between groups of training. It can be hypothesis that the increase of irisin in obese people is one of the preventing ways against of obesity's side effects. Exercise could improve the signaling pathways and consume the fat accumulations, therefore at the end of exercise duration, irisin decreased.

Background: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been increasing rapidly. Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) has been found to has a strong role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This gene codes an important transcription factors in the Wnt signaling pathway which secrets in pancreatic β-cells and other tissues. Significant associations have been showed between rs7903146 and T2D risk in nearly all populations. Also many loci such as UBE2Z rs46522 that is affecting by TCF7L2 transcription factor have been found associated with T2D. Our objective was to explore whether mentioned SNPs are associated with the risk of T2D among our Arab population of Khuzestan. Methods: We performed a case-control study using 100 T2D patients (WHO criteria), and 97 controls (age > 30; with FBS ≥ 126 mg/dl) of Arab people of Khuzestan province. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and was confirmed by direct sequencing. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16. 0. Results: No significant difference in genotype frequencies was observed between the T2DM patients and normoglycemic controls. The rs7903146 (C/T) polymorphism odds ratios for CC and TC genotypes were 1. 75 (95% CI, 0. 63 to-4. 88; p= 0. 28) and 0. 94 (95% CI, 0. 49 to-1. 79; p= 0. 84) compared with the TT genotype, respectively. The rs46522 (C/T) polymorphism odds ratios for TT and TC genotypes were 1. 41 (95% CI, 0. 58 to-3. 42; p= 0. 45) and 1. 22 (95% CI, 0. 64 to-2. 35; p= 0. 54) compared with the CC genotype, respectively. Conclusion: Our study indicates no association of T2D in Arab population of Khuzestan province with the rs7903146 and rs46522 and rs46522 variants.

Background: Oxidative stress disrupts the redox balance and induces various diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate about the effects of 8 weeks aerobic training and intermittent hypoxia on lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity in male Westar rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 220+20 were randomly divided into four groups of: control (C), hypoxia (H), Hypoxia+ training (H+T) and training (T) groups, namely. Hypoxia group was exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia. And the exercise group ran on a treadmill (22-26 meters per min) for 8 weeks, 5 session/ weeks. After the 8 weeks of the running, blood samples of the subjects were taken. Data were analyzed by using Anova and Tukey statistical tests at the significant level of P≤ 0. 05. Results: The results showed that MDA index in the training group was significantly lower than the other groups (P= 0/001, F= 19. 634). But, no significant differences were observed between control group with hypoxia (P= 984. 0), combination of (H) with (T) group (P =824. 0), and (H+T) with (C) group (P= 997. 0). Also, TAC capacity in the training group was significantly higher than the other groups (P= 0. 001, F= 7. 388). However, there was no significant difference observed between the control group with hypoxia (P= 0. 368) and (H+T) with (C) group (P= 0. 996), and the combination of (H+T) with (H) group (P= 0. 837). Conclusion: It seems that moderate intensity exercise training will lead to a redox balance compared with other stimuli and will prevent oxidative stress.

Background: One of the side effects of myocardial infarction is the changes in slow contraction muscle phenotype to fast contraction due to decreased mitochondrial density. Mitochondrial biogenesis with its ability to create new mitochondria and increase mitochondrial density can minimize these complications. NRF-1, 2 and Tfam are proteins that affect mitochondrial biogenesis that induces mitochondrial biogenesis by regulating mitochondrial DNA in the nucleus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training on expression of NRF-1, 2 and Tfam genes in the rats with myocardial infarction. Methods: In this experimental study, which was done experimentally, 12 Wistar male rats with myocardial infarction were divided into two experimental groups (30 minutes on a treadmill on a regular basis and 4 minutes running with a severity of 90-85% VO2max and two minutes of active recovery with 50%-60% VO2max three days a week for eight weeks) and control (without exercise). The expression of NRF-1, 2 and Tfam genes was studied as an effective factor in downstream mitochondrial biogenesis. Statistical data were analyzed with independent T test in spss18 (α ≥ 0. 05). Results: The results showed that the expression of NRF-1, NRF-2 and Tfam genes increased significantly (in at all P≤ 0. 001). Conclusion: Generally, eight weeks of high intensity interval training increase mitochondrial biogenesis in slow muscle of myocardial infarction rats with effect on NRF-1, NRF-2 and Tfam genes.

Background: Neonatal jaundice is an increase in serum bilirubin that is the most common cause of hospitalization in newborn infants. Often the cause of the jaundice is unknown, but many predisposing factors are involved in the development of jaundice. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the type of delivery and the incidence and severity of jaundice in the neonates. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 170 newborns in Al-Zahra and Children’ s hospitals, Tabriz, Iran in 2016. The data was collected through a questionnaire and included sections: infant information, maternal information, and questions about mother's disease, history of jaundice in the siblings and the type of management. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical tests and the value of P<0. 05 was considered as a meaningful level. Results: A total 170 Infants with jaundice were enrolled that 60. 1% were boys and 39. 9% girls. The route of delivery were vaginal birth in 39. 8% of the patients and 60. 2% were delivered by cesarean section. There was a significant relationship between hyperbilirubinemia (10-14. 9 mg/dl) and type of delivery (P =0. 01). The jaundice was appeared between days 4 to 7 of birth in 41. 4% of cases and in 25% of patients was observed in the first 24 hours after birth. The most common blood group among mothers were A and O (35. 2%) and their Rh type in 98. 8% cases were positive. The gestation age in 70. 3% of newborns was ranged from 34 to 37 weeks with a significant correlation with the incidence of jaundice. Conclusion: This study showed, delivery by cesarean section is associated with jaundice in the newborn. Therefore, the promotion of normal vaginal delivery in the country is recommended as a fundamental policy to improve the health of mothers and reduce the rate of cesarean section.

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a prevalent infection of intensive care unit(ICU) accompanied with increased rate of complications and mortality. This study is raised with the aim of comparing effects of Chlorhexidine mouthwash with Herbal Cinnamon mouthwash on prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized in ICU. Methods: Number of eighty-six patients admitted at ICU was divided into two 43-member groups. First group underwent moth washing using Chlorhexidine mouthwash2% and 2nd group underwent mouth washing using Herbal Cinnamol mouthwash. Frequency and onset of VAP incidence were compared in two groups. Results: Groups under treatment with Cinnamol and Chlorhexidine were not different considering demographic factors (P>0. 05). In Cinnamol group, 25(58. 13%) and in Chlorhexidine group, 27(62. 79%) had pneumonia. Incidence of VAP was not different in two groups (P=0. 826). In Cinnamol group, 32% of patients presented VAP prior to fifth day of ventilation and 68% after fifth day and in Chlorhexidine group 22. 22% prior to fifth day and 77. 77% after fifth day. VAP onset was not significantly different among two groups (P=0. 536). Conclusion: Chlorhexidine mouthwash in comparison to Cinnamol mouthwash for prevention of VAP among patients admitted at ICU presented no superiority considering considering decrease in VAP incidence and onset.

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common form of autoimmune vesiculobullous skin disease. Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) has a well-known association with Kaposi's sarcoma. Considering the reports about the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with pemphigus and bolus pemphigoid without evidence of HIV infection, this study was designed to investigate the presence of HHV-8 in patients with pemphigus. Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study, 27 patients with newly diagnosed pemphigus vulgaris were selected. The control group included 27 patients with benign non-vesiculobullous skin lesions. IHC (Immunohistochemistry) staining was performed to detect HHV-8 in tissue samples taken from skin lesions or mucosal lesions in both groups. Results: IHC showed HHV-8 in 12 patients in case group with pemphigus vulgaris (44. 4%) and 9 patients in control group (33. 3%) (P=0. 402). Conclusion: Although HHV-8 prevalence was higher in Pemphigus vulgaris patients, this difference was not statistically significant, and there is unlikely to be a causal relationship between HHV-8 and Pemphigus.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important bacteria causing nosocomial infections. Nowdays, because of overuse of antibiotics, resistance is increasing and this problem has caused anxiety all over the world. The aim of this study was to evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern in S. aureus isolates from urinary tract infections in Shahid Beheshti educational and therapeutic center in Maragheh city. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 100 S. aureus isolates were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infections. After doing the biochemical tests for diagnosis of S. aureus, these isolates were identified as S. aureus with proliferation of thermonuclease species-specific gene (nuc) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Kirby-Bauer method was used for investigation of antibiotic resistance patterns in S. aureus isolates. Results: No significant difference in genotype frequencies was observed between the T2DM patients and normoglycemic controls. The rs7903146 (C/T) polymorphism odds ratios for CC and TC genotypes were 1. 75 (95% CI, 0. 63 to-4. 88; p=0. 28) and 0. 94 (95% CI, 0. 49 to-1. 79; p = 0. 84) compared with the TT genotype, respectively. The rs46522 (C/T) polymorphism odds ratios for TT and TC genotypes were 1. 41 (95% CI, 0. 58 to-3. 42; p = 1. 41) and 1. 22 (95% CI, 0. 64 to-2. 35; p = 1. 22) compared with the CC genotype, respectively. Conclusion: Results of current study showed high antibiotic resistance in nosocomial S. aureus isolates. Therefore, antibiotics consumption should be avoided without proper prescription and unnecessary usage of routine antibiotics for showed be prevented.