JOURNAL OF LESAN MOBEEN
Year:2020 | Volume:11 | Issue:39|Papers Count:6

Legends and old anecdotes (showing an improvised and innate nature with the least being tempered feature) present clear pictures of human innate senses and anxieties. Psychologists have provided a basis for knowing about what is beyond human behaviors by thinking profoundly and presenting general and deep theories. Given that, literal traditions, legends, and folklore anecdotes can help us know about the human nature in a profound way that is generalizable. One of these anecdotes through which we can gain information about nature and the preliminary beliefs and how the human subjects have been formed is the story of ‘ Hayyebn-e-Yaqzan’ which has been processed completely and technically by Ebne Tofail (the great philosopher of the 5th decade in the Islamic Andalusia). This study was an attempt to analyze this anecdote, according to Jacques Lacan’ s votes in the philosophical domain. This study was done to decode thoughts and preliminary human reflections which have been tempered and to discover the meaning of hidden and undiscovered literary traditions. The result of the study showed that the anecdote ‘ Hayyebn-e-Yaqzan consists of important human philosophical thoughts, such as opposition to feminism, focusing on the otherness for physical and cultural growth trying for similarity with the environment, the sense of lack and exile and confronting with the great otherness and the dominate conversation, rooting to construct the order of the real and trying to reconstruct the symbolic social order. The method used in the study is a descriptive-analytical one.

In addition to being one of the most important topics in the social and political issues in the world, the environment has also become one of the significant topics in literary circles. Contemporary poets have not been heedless of this topic, as seen through their points of view and concerns about the environment. In contemporary Arabic poetry, Wadih Sa'adeh, a Lebanese poet, is a poet whose works are closely linked to the environment. He has used the theme of nature and its main elements at the levels of imagination, content, and style. Considering the importance of the environmental issues in today's human life, this article adopted an interdisciplinary approach to investigate how nature had been represented in one of Sa'adeh’ s recent poetry books. It is worth noting that this study used the descriptive-analytical methodology. The result showed that in keeping with human developments and coming up with the concerns of the era, Wadih had paid much attention to nature. Nature had been portrayed with its main elements in this poetry, through poetic imagination and thoughts. Moreover, there is a fundamental and robust relationship between nature and man in his poetry. The poet has also presented his literary attitude in the form of defamiliarization in connection with nature.

Speech act theory is known as the fundamental aspect of language pragmatism which considers the role of language in its applications and its contextual use. In such a scientific area of language study, speech act theory focuses on discovering the unobservable relationships between a language and an act known as pragmatics. To this purpose, the present study is an effort to analyze one of the odes of the resistance poet, Mahmoud Darvish, using a descriptive-analytic methodology. It aims to discover the resistance speech acts according to the semantics, context, and pragmatics which are accompanied by the poet in his ode “ Qasidat-al-Arz. ” Addressing the contents based on John Searl's speech act theory, the results showed that assertive and expressive speech acts have the highest frequency among others in this ode. The assertive speech act of the poet was in concordance with proving the geopolitical identity, mentioning the truths and the usurped rights of Palestinians. It is with an emphasis on the past to testify his claim in order to promote emotional motivation and hope sprit. In the expressive speech act, the poet attempts to demonstrate a grim picture of his feelings because of the happenings of his contemporary. His speech acts are stated implicitly which are the prerequisites of a poetic text.

Communication types of equipment are among the most significant tools for information exchange in the modern era. Traditionally, newspapers and printed periodicals had a special place in transmitting information and developing culture. How newspapers frame, highlight, and censorship information represents their political, social, and economical approaches, appropriately. If newspapers are dependent on the governing system of a country, a realistic analysis of that governing system alongside various issues can be represented by analyzing and investigating the information structure of the newspapers’ texts during a specific time. The present study sought to examine, through a mixed-method, main articles (including 44 cases) of Egyptian Newspaper “ Alahram” published during 2018. In this regard, theoretical concepts such as framing, information structure, marking, topicalization, and highlighting were used. The findings showed that the main articles presented a cohesive, targeted, and oriented about internal reading, regional and international issues by marking language structures and framing audiences’ minds in the direction of Egypt governing system, especially “ Abdol Fattah Al-Sisi” government.

Lawrence Kohlberg is a theorist and pioneer of developmental psychology. He continued Piaget’ s theory in the field of moral development, and he added some new stages to Piaget’ s stages. Kohlberg categorized people’ s evolution of moral development into three stages, including preconventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Then, he grouped combined all levels into a series of a-two-level groups. To achieve this classification, he proposed some puzzles. Later, based on reasoning, Kohlberg determined the responder’ s level of moral development. Kohlberg’ s suggested levels showed a kind of vast worldview that begins from the focuses on the material result from the action. Sequentially, according to people’ s and group’ s behavior, it detects the existence of social relations and legality. Finally, it determines the principles of global values. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the stages of moral development in “ Sorakh-o-Al-Qhobur” (The scream of sepulcher), a story by Kahlil Gibran, based on Lawrence Kohlberg's theory. The most important question of this study was how to calcify and categorize the reasons for people in this story based on Kohlberg’ s theory. Moreover, based on this analysis, at what stage Gibran’ s perspective is. The result of this study showed that all six Kohlberg’ s levels of moral development in this story are adaptable according to People's arguments. Gibran, based on his postconventional perspective, believes in principles and universal humanistic literature. Accordingly, He is in the sixth stage or at the height of moral growth. The author would study this issue by using the theories of developmental psychology. The method in this article was inductive, so the author disseminated some questionnaires among the high school students.

This study was conducted to better understand the extent of the relationship between auditory comprehension and second language syntactic ability. To operationalize the variables under study, a researcher-made grammaticality judgment test (focusing on definite/indefinite articles) was used to measure syntactic knowledge and a speech-to-text researcher-made conversion task to assess auditory comprehension. The sample, selected through purposeful sampling, consisted of 36 fourth-year students studying Arabic at the University of Kashan in 2018. To much the purposes of the research, a descriptive quantitative design was selected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that there was that there was a weak positive association between the main variable (syntactic awareness) and the outcome (auditory perception) The weak correlation observed between the two variables suggests that auditory perception may be predictable by all the competencies in the communicative model. As second language listening is also influenced by factors such as lexical knowledge, familiarity with content, individual factors, attention, auditory memory, temporal and spatial limitations.