DEFENSE STRATEGY
Year:2020 | Volume:18 | Issue:69|Papers Count:6

Nowadays, cyber defense power is of prime importance for a military organization in the country. Regarding the fact that four spheres of land, sea, air and space use cyberspace to perform their operations in a better and more efficient way; a model for assessment of cyber power of the defense organization can provide managers and decision makers a correct insight into the variables affecting cyber defense power. The aim of this paper is to identify and model the components of cyber power assessment for a defense organization, which finally leads to introduction of 5 components, 26 indices and 78 items for measurement. The introduced model is extracted by studying the cyber evaluation models and national cyber strategic plans, the components of cyber defense power. It has been discovered and validated using the structural equation modeling method with the least partial squares approach with formative measures. This technique employs empirical data (expert judgment) for modelling. The method of analysis in this kind of modeling is statistical analysis that measures the relationship and significance of the components of the model using various and accurate statistical tests. The results show the significant levels of metrics (research questions) of each main constructs (dimensions) and minor constructs (components) of at least 90% to a maximum of more than 99% (close to 1). These values are also established for the significance of the connection of the main constructs to each other and the connection of the minor constructs to the main ones. Also, the values of R2 for the main constructs indicate the explanation of variance by the predictor variables and the optimal limit obtained for them. Thus, the validity of the selected variables and the pattern drawn for them (relationships and how the variables influence) have been confirmed.

The realization of cyber security along with the technical and equipment dimensions is in need of expansion and development of competent and efficient human resources. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to design a model for strategic human resource development in the field of cyber security of the Armed Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran. Regarding its purpose and data collection and analysis, this study is applied-developmental and quantitative. In order to attain its goal in the first stage, by extracting 140 indicators, 50 components and 15 dimensions of exploratory studies, a conceptual model was designed. In the second stage, a questionnaire was prepared based on the components of the model. The validity (face and content) and reliability of this instrument were examined by surveying opinions of 8 experts. In the third stage, based on the views of 43 scientific and executive experts in the field of cyber security of the country, using SPSS and PLS software the desirability and relationships of the model components were evaluated. The results of this phase showed that at the level of p ≤ 0. 05 out of 20 regulatory hypotheses, except for three hypotheses, i. e. the relationship between staff development apparatuses and jihadi culture; the mediating role of maturity, stakeholders' participation and cooperation in the relationship between their development instruments and enhancement of cyber security governance; and the mediating role of the mentioned mediating variable in the relationship between stakeholders' development apparatuses and the promotion of global indicators of cyber security readiness, other assumptions have been significant. In conclusion, based on the research results, some suggestions have been presented on how to achieve strategic development of human resources in the field of cyber security of the Armed Forces.

The Army of Islamic Republic of Iran in order to deal with threats and become accustomed to the operational environment, as well as to shape the environment can integrate its distinct interior and exterior capabilities in the form of new competencies that are appropriate for the complex and tempestuous environments. Also, through the employment of a new configuration, it can provide a frame of a set of high-level, acquired and modeled behaviors, shape the environment and modify its core resources, and achieve a competitive advantage in the region and beyond. The aim of this study is to provide a model of dynamic capabilities in converting threats into opportunities and creating a competitive advantage in the Army of Islamic Republic of Iran. Thus, by studying library resources and interviewing 10 experts, variables of the model were extracted and after confirming the content validity, structural validity was also performed. The statistical population comprised of the study centers of the Army of Islamic Republic of Iran in Tehran. The sample size was 315 individuals who were randomly selected. In order to design a model and specify the type, direction and intensity of variables, the structural equations models (EMOS) was used in seven sections including external opportunities and capabilities, threats, sensory capabilities, operational capabilities, organizational capabilities, integration capabilities and competitive advantages. The obtained values indicate an appropriate goodness of fit regarding the model and the results of the present study showed that the strongest impact factor is related to external threats on sensory capabilities and the weakest impact factor is related to the dimension of productivity capabilities on the integration capabilities in this model.

Development of defense capabilities is indubitably one of the main concerns of government officials in most countries. It should be done in such a way that will increase the defense coefficient of the country in order to lead to preemption, or in the case of war, the defense structure will have the best performance. The research method in this paper is a case study with a quantitative and a descriptive-analytical approach which seeks to answer this question: What factors are influential upon defense process from a sociological perspective? In order to answer this question, the researcher studied the authentic Persian and English sources using the library method and extracted the necessary information. In order to validate the findings, researcher-made questionnaires were distributed among 50 experts, as a statistical sample, who were familiar with defense-security and sociological issues of the country. The general finding of the study shows that politics, economics, geography and history are influential upon the defense sociology. As a result, consolidation of the defense base is not only in capitalizing on defense hardware and software, but also its complement, paying attention to the status of forces and social conditions. The application of the results of sociological studies of defense also strengthens the foundation and fundamentals of the country's defense. The findings indicate that the favorable or at least acceptable state of defense economy, high national loyalty, interaction based on caution and avoidance of optimism, high threshold of national tolerance and cohesion along with self-healing capacity, existence of a desirable sociability, society's view of defense as a national obligation are among the features that puts the society in promising defense conditions. The characteristics of defense forces such as the internalization of values like fighting and defending until reaching victory (material or spiritual), obedience, consolidation of forces and defense structure, the presence of appropriate ambitions and morale, can guarantee the success of the country in the realm of defense.

Agile innovation means a set of processes, instruments and methods to improve the ability to react quickly to the shifting needs of the market and customers, along with decreasing costs and improving the quality of products and services. The foundation of agile innovation is to align employees and work processes in a homogeneous, interactive and flexible system in order to make them smart and attain dominance. The present study has been conducted with the aim of "planning the agile innovation model of defensive industrial organizations with structural-interpretive modeling and fuzzy dematel modeling". It is an applied research in terms of its purpose, and a descriptive-analytical, survey and correlational one regarding its method. The study population was 80 experts who were selected as the sample based on the Morgan table. Also, 12 experts answered the questionnaire in order to classify and prioritize the factors. The data collection instrument employed in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire including 52 items. Its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to be 0. 920. As the research findings shows, hardware capability, software capability, variation in occupational and technical processes, reconfiguration, improving the quality of products and services, flexibility in product design and production process, competency in designing new products, speed in designing and production of new products, planning of production, capability-orientedness, speed of reaction to new threats and needs, success in meeting current needs, economic and market success, success in creating opportunities and environmental intelligence have close relationship with each other, thus changing each of them will influence other factors as well. Moreover, based on fuzzy dematel output, hardware capability is the most effective factor and environmental intelligence is the most susceptible factor among the other factors.

Islamic Republic of Iran, with a futuristic view, developments in the geometry of power and gaining strategic benefits based on capacities and capabilities in meeting the needs of empowerment, dynamic activism in regional and extra-territorial security arrangements and the like, can develop and strengthen defense-security cooperation with PRC in various fields, especially defense diplomacy. The central aim of this paper is to identify the factors that play a significant role in these collaborations. This is an applied-developmental study in terms of purpose, and its method is a case-field one with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In this study, 23 important and effective factors have been identified and prioritized that play a role in defense-security collaborations between the two countries in both favorable and existing situations. In the current situation, the geopolitical and geostrategic position of the two countries with a coefficient of 81. 8%, the position of PRC in the international system with a coefficient of 80. 0%, the new US strategy in Asia with a coefficient of 76. 4%, the consensus of these two countries on the central role of the UN, and international institutions have the greatest impact on resolving issues with a coefficient of 72. 7%, and in the favorable situation, the position of PRC in the international system, the efforts of the two countries to prevent the use of unconventional weapons (nuclear, chemical and microbial) and relations between the PRC and regional and international powers with a coefficient of 98. 2%, the two countries' compromise on the pivotal role of the UN and international institutions in resolving issues, the two countries' demand for a new political and economic order with the participation of all countries, geopolitical position and the geostrategic of the two countries have the greatest influence with a coefficient of 96. 4%.