JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION MANAGEMENT (JHPM)
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:6|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Health education and the development of students' health culture are very important and a coherent and comprehensive program in this area is essential. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of elementary third grade textbooks based on the amount of attention to health system components. Methods: In this descriptive study, content analysis method was used. The statistical population of this study was all third grade elementary school books of 2016-2016 (6 volumes) including Persian titles, sciences, heavenly gifts, Quran, math and social education. Statistical sample is equal to statistical population. The research instrument was "Shanon Entropy". The content validity of this study was also confirmed by 10 educational and 5 medical specialists. First, the frequency of the components was determined on each page of the book. Then, the information load of each marker and its degree of importance relative to other components were calculated using “ Shannon Entropy” software. Results: The highest attention among all components of health education was related to mental health component with 645 cases and the least attention to disability component with 13 frequencies. Among the subindices, the most significant coefficients were related to corrective movements, energetic substances, and health and sports nutrition with 0. 037 and arthropod and rodent control components, prenatal care, addiction, drugs and its variants, effects on smoking, AIDS and familiarity with zero-valued diseases are of the least importance. Conclusions: Each of the components of these components has not been balanced and the textbooks have not covered a proportion of health education components. Therefore, it is suggested that authors of textbooks should pay attention to this issue in future editions.

Introduction: Psychiatric wards are one of the stressful centers in medical education and nursing is one of the stressful occupations. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between perceived stress and psychological flexibility of nurses in psychiatric wards of Razi Psychiatric Training Center in Tehran. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, the research population included nurses of Razi Psychiatric Training Center in Tehran in 2018. The sample consisted of 140 nurses of Razi psychiatric wards of Tehran who were randomly selected from all wards of the hospital. Demographic questionnaires, “ Perceived Stress Scale” , and “ Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II “ were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS. 22. Results: The mean and standard deviation of nurses' scores in perceived stress component were 22. 12 5 5. 77 and in psychological flexibility component were 49. 65± 8. 88. The correlation between perceived stress and psychological flexibility was inverse and significant. Conclusions: The increase in perceived stress is correlated with a decrease in psychological flexibility. Strategies to increase psychological flexibility to reduce perceived stress in nurses are suggested.

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder as one of the most common anxiety disorders is a severe and persistent fear of situations in which one may or may not do something in the presence of others. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" on the psychological flexibility and behavioral inhibition of adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental post-test with one-month control and follow-up group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents referring to clinics in Tehran. The sample consisted of 30 adolescents with social anxiety disorder referred to Tehran clinics who were selected by random sampling and assigned to two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Research instruments included “ Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II” and “ Behavioral Activation System/Behavioral Inhibition System Scale” . Content, face validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha) were measured. The "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" package was administered to the intervention group in 8 sessions 90-minute. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22. Results: Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy" in post-test and follow up phase significantly improved psychological flexibility and decreased behavioral inhibition of adolescents with social anxiety disorder in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0. 001). These results were also consistent with a onemonth follow-up. Conclusions: Given the desirable effect of "Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy" on psychological flexibility and reduction of behavioral inhibition in adolescents with social anxiety disorder, it is suggested to use this approach in the prevention and treatment of psychological and behavioral problems of social anxiety disorder.

Introduction: Technology-based small and medium-sized businesses, one of the most important of which is Nano medicine, is one of the factors driving rapid economic growth. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design the Entrepreneurial Orientation Model in small and medium-sized technology-based businesses in Nano medicine. Methods: The study was conducted in a qualitative method with the data-theoretic approach of the foundation and by theoretical sampling with 12 experts. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding. (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Research instruments included “ Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II” and “ Behavioral Activation System/Behavioral Inhibition System Scale” . Content, face validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha) were measured. The "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" package was administered to the intervention group in 8 sessions 90-minute. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22. Results: Entrepreneurial Orientation Model in technology-driven small and medium-sized businesses were found in 6 main categories, 19 sub-categories, and 84 concepts. Conclusions: Final model provides the context and implementation of entrepreneurial orientation strategies in technology-driven small and medium-sized businesses. It is suggested that the mentioned organizations that meet the causal model, provide the context to develop an entrepreneurial orientation in their organization.

Introduction: Diabetes is a major health challenge that has a profound impact on patients' lives. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivational interviewing on the therapeutic satisfaction and Therapeutic Adherence of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The study population consisted of diabetic patients who referred to the Endocrinology Clinic of Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Zanjan and outpatient centers providing services to patients with diabetes in Zanjan in 2019. Thirty patients with type 1 diabetes were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 patients in experimental and control groups. The instruments were demographic questionnaire, “ Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) and "Adherence Questionnaire in Patients with Chronic Disease". The validity and reliability of the instruments have been confirmed in previous studies. Intervention was performed by group motivational interviewing during four 90-minute treatment sessions weekly in experimental group. Questionnaires were completed by patients in two stages before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25 software. Results: Mean adherence to treatment in the experimental group was pre-test (90. 20) and post-test (132. 97). The mean adherence to treatment in the control group was pre-test (75. 40) and post-test (91. 07). Comparison of mean satisfaction with treatment was in pre-test (14. 33), post-test (27. 60) and control group in pre-test (14. 87) and post-test (15. 40). In all variables of the study, after controlling for pretest scores, the intervention had a significant effect on post-test scores, (P-value < 0. 05). Intervention effect for treatment satisfaction was 0. 86 and for treatment adherence was 0. 58. Conclusions: Group motivational interviewing is an intervention method for making positive behavioral changes to better control diabetes. Therefore, it is suggested that health professionals and psychologists use motivational interviewing to provide services to patients.

Introduction: Obesity is a growing phenomenon that is associated to psychological and emotional factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of eating attitude with emotional cognitive regulation styles, anxiety sensitivity and attachment style in women with obesity. Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women with obesity referred to a specialized weight loss clinic in Tehran in spring 2019. Using the Morgan table, 200 obese women (BMI ≥ 30) were selected by convenience sampling were chosen. Research tools were "EAT-26: Eating Attitude Test", "Anxiety Sensitivity Index", "Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire" and "Attachment Questionnaire". Were adults (AAQ: Adult Attachment Questionnaire). Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software. Results: There was a significant correlation between cognitive emotion regulation styles, anxiety sensitivity and attachment style with eating attitude in women with obesity (P ≥ 0. 05). With increasing anxiety sensitivity, negative cognitive emotion regulation styles, and insecure attachment (avoidance and ambivalence), eating attitude scores also increase. Conclusions: Cognitive emotion regulation styles, anxiety sensitivity, and attachment style were correlated with eating attitudes in obese women. Therefore, attention to psychological factors in prevention of emotional eating and treatment of obesity is recommended to improve their health.

Introduction: Transformation in universities is a necessity in the path of community development. Due to a large number of students and the need to think about ways to facilitate their employment, this study aimed to develop an entrepreneurial university model at Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study was qualitative-quantitative. In the qualitative section, ten experts in entrepreneurship in Islamic Azad University participated in semi-structured interviews. The content analysis method was used to analyze semi-structured interviews. Then, with the Maxqda software, the concepts were extracted from the interviews and the primary and sub-variables were obtained. In the quantitative section after extraction of final variables from qualitative analysis of interviews, the fuzzy Delphi method was used to survey the identified variables and select the final variables. For this purpose, several experts were confidentially sent the “ Fuzzy Delphi Questionnaire” containing the criteria. Criteria with a mean score of less than seven were omitted. Fuzzy Delphi method calculations were performed by coding in the Matlab environment. Results: According to the experts' viewpoint, the entrepreneurship university model of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences was developed with two main variables including software factors (including six sub-variables) and hardware factors (including six sub-variables). Conclusions: The Entrepreneurship University model of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences was developed with two main variables including software and hardware factors. Therefore, it is suggested that this model be used to provide the necessary infrastructure for university entrepreneurship.

Introduction: Adolescence is in fact a transition from childhood to adulthood. The health of adolescents and youth is very important given the large percentage of the population in each country. The purpose of this study was to determine the health status of adolescents and youth in Iran and some selected countries. Methods: In a systematic review comparative study, all articles published during the last two decades (2019-2000) in Persian and English in the field of adolescent and youth health 10-24 years, in Iran and Selected countries were evaluated on the basis of macro-economic indicators. This information is provided through the SID, Iran Medex, Iran Doc, Magi Ran, PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, Google Scholar CINAHL was obtained using keywords, Health Status, Adolescent, Youth, Health Status. For data collection, a "Data Extraction Form" designed based on the purpose of the study was used. Results: The search resulted in 103 internal and external articles related to the subject, 83 of which were excluded due to lack of inclusion criteria and eventually 20 were included in the study. Among adolescents and young people in Iran, the prevalence of physical health problems is 33%, mental health is 17% to 72% in different regions and the prevalence of high risk behaviors is 44%. Among the selected countries, the least prevalent health problems among adolescents and youth were in Australia and the highest in the United States. Conclusions: Comparing the health status of adolescents and youth in Iran and selected countries showed that the health status of adolescents and youth is a serious problem and the health of this age group is not sufficiently considered. It is suggested that policy making be carried out to optimize the management structure, health of adolescents and youth in Iran.