OURMAZD JOURNAL
Year:2021 | Volume:- | Issue:54|Papers Count:19

The tendency towards Rumi, especially Masnavi in contemporary times and throughout the world has been extended to the point that various researches and contemporary concerns can be explored in Rumi's thoughts, especially in Masnavi. In this research, an attempt has been made to study and represent Rumi's views on childbirth and growth, which means leaving the past and realizing it in Masnavi, and especially in the third book. A multitude of advances, difficulties, and preoccupations of life in modern times have prevented human from seizing time, and understanding the power of the present, and the value of living in the moment. On the other hand, many books on psychology, literature and interdisciplinary have been written in this chapter, many of which have been translated into Persian and have been reprinted more than tens of times. All of these contain valuable points that Rumi spoke about seven centuries ago. One of them is the study of growth and fertility, which is discussed in this article.

In each historical epoch in which cruelty and oppression were imposed on people, courageous people have shown resistance against enemies for defending their countries. Such reaction, fight and resistance have been recorded and dramatized in prose and versified literary works of Persian literature. In contemporary era, it has led to a new and novel literary branch. Therefore, such type of literature has its own background and history. Of course, in contemporary era, considering eight years of sacred defense and martyrs and prisoners we have, the poets have shown inclination towards this type of literature in a professional manner and have led to richness of Persian literature. To do so, and aligned with this, female poets of Hormozgan have also participated in cultural, social, and political spheres of Hormozgan regarding Sacred defense. And they have recorded and created literary works regarding martyrs of the eight-year imposed war. Azam Posht Mashhadi and Athar Ghavami have published books under the titles of “ House No. dj” , and “ A Serenade on Mine” with a focus on the subject of battle and war. The present article through methods of content analysis and library research tries to study these two literary works and it has been specified that themes applied in their poems are mostly derived from religious and remaining influences of the revolutionary era and sacred defense.

Irony is an artistic and figurative two-dimensional challenge of language; affects the reader through implication and conveys a rendered and interwoven net of topics which includes concepts. The older scholars have not investigated irony, as the last form of expression, directly; but, recently, we may observe some researches in this background. This research, aims to criticize irony through content analysis, with a distinct and non-cliché approach, having no reiterative and historical terms. Basically, the authors have investigated linguistic, artistic and implicative techniques relying on Ferdowsi’ s Shahnameh. The basic point includes differentiating the indirect and implicative meaning from the matching referents and accept them as the non-negligible facts alongside the superficial meanings. Results show that the main part of contents is understood through irony and a reader should understand the spirit of the word to actualize its meaning. So, the role of reader in understanding a text, concurrent with the role of the author, becomes apparent. Thus, we may claim that the irony of Shahnameh have created a literary space appropriate to the epic structure, in addition to the semantic consolidation.

Contemporary Iranian literature is one of the most controversial and wide-ranging categories of Persian literature. In the meantime, its branch of fiction has found a special place. Although political and social conditions have always created obstacles in the way of the creation and development of fiction, contemporary storytellers have never taken these obstacles seriously and have devised a special language to overcome them. Sadegh Hedayat is one of these writers who has reflected the situation of his time in his works more than others. On the other hand, Hedayat, as one of the greatest contemporary writers, left a profound impact on the society of Iran at that time, the effects of which have remained to this day. This article tries to take a sociological approach to the life, personality and works of Hedayat and to analyze the internal and external reasons for his death thinking.

Folk literature or folklore refers to those literatures that have reached our time more orally from previous generations and are popular among the masses. And these topics include local dialects, customs, local idioms and proverbs that preserve the culture of different ethnic groups throughout history and introduce them to others. One of the most popular literary forms in the Persian language is the story. In this research, the beginnings of definition and brief explanation about the story and how it is related to folk literature are presented. The main text and content of the research is related to the study of folklore and folklore in the stories of Moniro Ravanipour. She is a writer who knows his talents in creating unique indigenous spaces of her stories by using the climatic features of the south of the country. A world full of illusions and full of the beauties of writing that is the result of doubt between the terrestrial world and the supernatural. Given that Ms. Ravanipour, as a novelist, is at the forefront of women in southern Iran, their work has been critiqued based on the use of popular beliefs in order to test this popular criterion.

Expressive arrays are part of the aesthetic of speech. One of the most important of these arrays is metaphor and irony. The present article examines the use of metaphor and irony in Persian proverbs and rulings based on the Dehkhoda’ s Amsal O Hekam. The basis of Amsal O Hekam’ s study was in order to recognize the more natural use of these two arrays in them. Various aspects of Amsal O Hekam, including their historical and social aspects, have been researched so far, but no special research has been done on their aesthetic aspects, and And this article has tried to clarify these aspects in the Amsal O Hekam by examining the use of the two expressive arrays mentioned. The result of this study shows that the frequency of irony expression industry in Amsal O Hekam is more than metaphor and the reason for this can be considered the proximity of the structure of irony and Amsal O Hekam. In other words, although cognitive linguists have focused on the use of metaphor as a conceptual metaphor in their discussion of the use of literary arrays in common language, It seems that the increasing use of irony in Amsal O Hekam better shows the interplay of literary language and vernacular.

Shahnameh is the main document of Iranian national identity that Ferdowsi, relying on oral and written narrations inherited from the past, was able to portray the national identity of Iranians in dealing with foreigners and in this way they endured many difficulties. This lasting work has been considered by many poets and writers, including Hafiz Ebro; At a time when the Turks were in complete control of Iran, he was able to use the Shahnameh, epic and mythological elements in his historical work. He was able to attribute the characteristics of Persian kings to Timurid kings. And also compare their characters with historical characters and national epic heroes. Also, he was able to combine his wise and philosophical teachings with the teachings of Shahnameh and express them in an epic tone. And in this way, he created battlefields and epics, and this is how the verses of Shahnameh are depicted in the Hafez Ebru’ s Zobdat Al Tawarikh In this research, the differences and similarities of Hafez Ebro's works with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh have been studied.

Sociology of literature is one of the new approaches to literature that tries to provide a scientific and practical interpretation of literary works, so a poem that deals with sociological issues and has a social theme is social poetry. One of the fundamental issues of social poetry is to address critical approaches; With this approach, social poetry is the poetry of poets who object to the social and political situation of their society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate social issues in Shahriar and Forough Farrokhzad’ s Diwan. The results show that Farrokhzad in his social poems reacted to the social categories of his time and was able to express social inequalities, contradictions, destructions, tyranny, poverty and injustice with symbolism and satire. Shahriar also speaks with simplicity from the heart or is inspired, and each of his poems has the dignity of its revelation, which by researching and reflecting on it, we discover his inner states and worldview, and Another achievement of this study is that life, society, man and love are intertwined in the words of "Shahriar" because the place where he remembers his love with a burning heart and sheds tears at his separation. In fact, it depicts the situation of lovers and talks about their pain, or where it describes nature, it actually depicts misery, poverty and pain along with nature and happiness.

Sanai is a mystic and in Sufism mysticism has a prejudice and affiliation with a particular religion, so that there is no room for suspicion of other religions and sects, that is, the mystic has no hostile beliefs, so the discussion of religion about mystics and Sufism is incorrect. Sufi poetry is a means of calming the soul and psyche of society, it is far from perversions and inadequacies, and it can be considered the stage of religious and behavioral development of society, while educational poetry often targets the individual and his refinement. Sanai has views on religion, man, social life, and thousands of important epistemological issues.

Maulavi, as one of the greatest mystics of the seventh lunar century, shows in her works that she has experienced meditation a lot and, in a word, she has written transcendental poems in meditation and has had occult perceptions. Sometimes she is so drunk that she finds the dangers of the heart deep and in the religion of Islam, mystical conduct has a special place that is intertwined with the Shari's Therefore, in response to this research question: Is the position of meditation in Rumi's poems the same as the position of meditation in Islamic mysticism? Therefore, in the present study, it was found that meditation in Maulana's poems has no conflict with the concept of meditation or care in Islamic mysticism, but the language of expression of the concept of meditation in Maulana's poems is different from Islamic mysticism.

A person who has attained superior levels of humanity is an ideal person. This is the ideal of poets, scholars and religion grandees. Muhammad Iqbal Lahori, an eloquent poet, has described the ideal person relied on the words of God, and biography of prophet Muhammad and his family. In his idea attaining this goal happens with self-awareness, self-respect, poverty and contentment, trust, endeavor, liberality, hauteur, toleration, courage, being influenced by the words of God and religion grandees, awareness, studying, creativity, knowledge acquisition, having technology and being up to date for self-improvement, intellection accompanied with passion, and facts and features like these. In this article the best features of a person who attains this goal is studied in Iqbal’ s poetry.