Research in Medicine
Year:2018 | Volume:42 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:13

Backgrond: Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs), which have the ability to differentiate into various types of blood cell lines, are usually separate from the bone marrow. But these cells are also present in a small amount in the peripheral blood, and their amounts increase in blood following the injection of G-CSF. However, the mechanism involved in moving HSCs under the influence of G-CSF is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of circadian rhythms and nervous system in HSCs mobilization. Despite the abandant information on the effect of 24-hour rhythms in physiological processes in the body, there is no evidence of the role of circadian rhythms and its relation to the nervous system receiving environmental information and neurotransmitters in HSCs mobilization.Materials and methods: An experimental study was performed on 15 healthy bone marrow donors. Samples from peripheral blood were taken at 9 o’clock in the morning and 9 o’clock at night before the injection of G-CSF as control group, and at 9 o’clock in the morning and 9 o’clock at night on the fourth day of the G-CSF injection. The total counts of leukocytes and CD34+stem cells were performed on the samples using flow cytometry. Plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured using ELISA method running Paired T test.Results: In the present study, it was found that total cell count, stem cell count (CD34+) (p value: 0.03), and plasma levels of adrenaline (p value: 0.04) and noradrenaline (p value: 0.01) in the morning increased over night. Additionally, after receiving the G-CSF, adrenalin and norepinephrine levels are higher in the early hours after the onset of lighting compared with the night, and CD34+cells count was higher in the morning compared with that in the evening similar to control samples.Discussion: Although numerous factors are involved in the etiology of azoospermia, clinical tests and genetic counseling plays an important role in early detection of disease that helps to retrieve sperm production and fertility to the patient in many cases.Conclusion: Given that the number of stem cells and total WBC count in the morning were more than those at nights, in general, following the injection of G-CSF, the number of stem cells circulating with the same pattern shows a multiplier increase, it is suggested that the phenomenon of mobilization, like other biological processes of the body, is affected by circadian rhythms. Therefore, increased secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the morning and the effect on ß2-adrenergic receptors in the bone marrow space resulted in increased mobilization and, during the day, reducing the secretion of these neurotransmitters leads to the opposite process and reduces mobilization in the final hours of the day and at night. In fact, G-CSF, along with other functional mechanisms for increasing the mobilization of stem cells to the peripheral blood, uses this natural remedy for the body. These findings can be effective in enhancing approaches to improving mobilization with the help of the nervous system.

Background: There are many types of leukocytes residing in subcutaneous adipose tissue among which Natural Killer cells (NKs) comprise a major part. The aim of the present study was to study the expression of natural cytotoxicity receptors from peripheral blood and adipose tissue derived NK cells from obese and non-obese persons on its effect on neoplas tic cells. Materials and methods: In the current experimental survey, flow cytometry phenotyping was used to study the differences between the natural cytotoxicity receptor expression on ADNKs and PBNKs of both obese (BMI>30) and lean persons (BMI<25). The activation experiments on isolated and expanded NKs were performed using IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21 cytokines. Also, their cytotoxicity and cytokine production patterns were evaluated.Results: The activation experiments on NK cells revealed that the main population of the CD56dim within the total ADNKs of obese persons had an under-expression of NKp30 and NKp44 despite the unchanged levels of NKG2D.Conclusion: The data suggest the suppressive condition of the adipose tissue niche on the NKs response against sensitive neoplastic cells. As the NKs are the first line of the body’s defense against tumor formation, this change may lead to the development of transformed cells into the tumors.

Background: Yersinia enterocolitica is a zoonotic pathogen and one of important gastroenteritis agents. Some drug-resistant strains of this bacterium were previously discovered in the world and using new antibacterial compounds is one of the best ways to deal with it. In the present study, inhibitory effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, some heterocycles including thiazole, imidazolidine and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives, poly-L-lysine, and glycine were assessed against standard strains of Y. enterocolitica. Materials and Methods: In the current experiential laboratory study, antibacterial effects of all compounds were evaluated using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The results were reported as inhibition zone diameter (IZD), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) running t-test and ANOVA.Results: No inhibitory activity against Y. enterocolitica was observed by MgO nanoparticles, poly-L-lysine and glycine. Thiazole derivative 7c was the only effective antibacterial agent on this bacteria with inhibition zone diameter 6.3±0.1, MIC 512, and MBC 1024 mg/ml with P-value<0.05.conclusion: Considering the antibacterial effects of compound 7c against standard strains of Y. enterocolitica, inhibitory activities of this compound against antibiotic-resistant strains of Y. enterocolitica as well as its toxic and therapeutic effects on laboratory animals should be investigated in further studies. Also, thiazole 7c can be introduced as a new antibacterial agent.

Backgroundm: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) represent a promising source of cells for cardiac tissue engineering and repair of the injured heart. However, better understanding of the factors affecting the cardiac differentiation of ADSCs is required before clinical application of these cells. The current study was designed to investigate the role of bFGF and BMP4 in cardiac differentiation of human ADSCs.Materials and Methods: ADSCs were isolated from human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and were cultured. For cardiac differentiation, ADSCs were treated with 10 ng/ml bFGF and 20, 50 or 100 ng/ml BMP4 in a medium containing 10% FBS or 0.5% B27 for four days. Then, the induction factors were completely omitted, and the cells were maintained in 10% FBS-containing medium for up to three weeks. At the end of differentiation period, the expressions of some cardiac markers were assessed using RT-PCR, qPCR, and immunocytochemistry.Results: The differentiated ADSCs expressed cardiac-specific genes. Based on qPCR analysis, the maximum expression level of ANF and MLC2A mRNAs was detected in the cells treated with 10 ng/ml bFGF and 20 ng/ml BMP4 in the FBS-containing medium. Moreover, FBS supplementation of induction medium was more effective than the B27-containing medium for cardiac differentiation of ADSCs by bFGF and BMP4. The cells treated with 10 ng/ml bFGF and 20 ng/ml BMP4 in FBS-containing medium expressed cardiac troponin I and α-actinin proteins.Conclusion: It seems that a combination of bFGF and BMP4 improves cardiac differentiation of ADSCs. Moreover, bFGF and BMP4 are more effective for cardiac differentiation when the induction medium is supplemented with FBS compared with B27. This may be due to the presence of insulin in B27 supplement.

Background: Vitamin E plays an effective role in balancing sex hormones and fertility by neutralizing free radicals in animals. In bispace research, tail suspension is used for microgravity induction. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E on the rat’s fertility under weightlessness in novel cages (with and without vitamin E).Results: The research was performed on rat for 14 days. In the microgravity induction group (no vitamin E), the FSH (p: 0.046) and LH (p: 0.02) increased in 14 days, compared with the first day, but in microgravity+vitamin E, FSH (p: 0.02) and (p: 0.025) LH increased more significantly. In the control group, vitamin E injection was associated with increased testosterone levels and decreased gonadotropins (P<0.05).Conclusions: Weightless induction in the rats, decreases the amount of sex hormones and increases gonadotrophin levels. After injectiing vitamin E, the rats’ fertility improved and they overcame the loss of glandular activity under microgravity.

Background: Average Glandular Dose (AGD), entrance skin Air Kerma (ESAK), and Normalized Glandular Dose (DgN) are the main dosimetric quantities in mammography. Breast tissue composition is one of the factors affecting DgN values. In the present study, both homogeneous and heterogeneous breast tissues are assumed evaluating their impacts on DgN values.Methods: Homogeneous breast phantom with different glandular fractions simulated and DgN values were calculated for the homogeneous phantom. Also, a heterogeneous breast phantom was simulated, considering that adipose tissue is in the background and glandular tissue is in the form of spheres which are in the breast phantom. By changing the radius of glandular tissue, the glandular fraction in heterogeneous breast phantom was changed. DgN values were also calculated for the heterogeneous breast phantom. DgN values in both homogeneous and heterogeneous breast phantoms were evaluated and the results were compared.Results: DgN values depend on glandular fraction in both homogeneous and heterogeneous breast phantoms. As the glandular fraction increased, DgN values reduced almost linearly. Breast tissue heterogeneity affected DgN values, too; this effect is related to the distribution of the glandular tissue in the heterogeneous breast phantom, so that considering the change in the distribution of glandular tissue in the heterogeneous breast phantom, the relative difference in DgN value between homogeneous and heterogeneous phantom was variable between -47 to +77 percent.Conclusion: In the previous studies in which DgN coefficients were calculated, and this coefficient was used in mammography dosimetry, the effect of heterogeneity of breast tissue was not considered. According to the results of the present study and the evident effect of heterogeneity 3 of glandular and fat tissue on the breast phantom, a correction factor to the DgN values is suggested.

Background: The amount of doses received in mammography is one of the biggest concerns in the world. According to some statistics, every 12 minutes a woman dies due to breast cancer. Mammography is concerned with both detecting breast cancer at an early stage of the disease and screening; however; due to the risk of exposure, the increasing and widespread use of mammography for breast cancer screening is a controversial subject. The present research was conducted to compare the breast absorbed dose in the conventional and digital mammography devices used in mammography centers in Tabriz city in 1395.Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive study, first, three mammograms were tested according to the instructions of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) for quality control. Information about 322 patients who had refered to four centers of mammography over four months were collected; then, the values of average dose of mammary glands in the mammogram images as milli-Gray (mGy) were calculated and analyzed.Results: In the four clinics studied, the mean values of compressed tissue thickness in the conventional mammography device for CC and MLO were 4.01 ± 0.92 cm and 4.49 ± 1.63 cm and the dose values were 1.53 ± 0.58 mGy and 1.58 ± 0.59 mGy, respectively. P-value obtained was 1. Also, the mean values of compressed tissue thickness in digital mammography device for CC and MLO were 5.8 ± 1.00 cm and 6.30 ± 1.01 cm and the dose values obtained were 2.07 ± 0.71 mGy and 2.15 ± 0.69 mGy, respectively, with the p-value obtained as 0.925.Conclusion: It seems that despite the benefits of digital mammography compared with the conventional mammography, the average absorbed dose for a digital mammography device is more compared with that for a conventional mammography device. Due to the higher absorbed dose, doing regular quality control and dose reduction techniques are recommended in digital mammography.

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is the most important parasitic disease. As the number of resistant types to glucantime (drug of choice) is increasing, it is necessary to investigate the effects of other drugs, like herbal medicines, on this disease. Several studies have shown the anti Leishmania effects of olive leaf on the Leishmania and also some organisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of olive leaf aqueos and hydroalcoholic extract on amastigots of Leishmania tropica glutamimn resistance and sensitivity in vitro.Materials and Methods: Mouse peritoneal macrophages for the maintenance of Leishmania was used in vitro culture. To determine the effect of the extract on macrophage, cytotoxicity MTT assay was performed and CC50 was calculated. In order to investigate the Leishmania tropica amastigots glutamimn resistance with different concentrations of olive leaf aqueous extract, i.e.0.31, 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5mg/ml and olive leaf hydroalcoholic extract with different concentrations of 3.1, 6.25, 12.5, 25 mg/ml were incubated for 24-72 hours. Geimsa stain was used as positive and negative controls, respectively.Results: We found that 2.5mg/ml olive leaf aqueous extract and 25 mg/ml hydroalcoholic extract in 72 hours are the most effective concentration and time. It is important to note that olive leaf aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract did not have any effect on Leishmania tropica Glucantime resistance in vitro (p≤0.05).Conclusion: The natural products are available and safe and can be used as a drug model without side effects, especially on amastigots of Leishmania tropica glutamimn sensitivity.

Background: The most important factor in the formation of Staphylococcus aureus is the ability to form biofilms. This bacterium has the ability to bind and penetrate into tissue cells. Biofilmic infections are usually chronic and reversible and respond to difficult treatments. The purpose of the present study was to identify biofilm genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and food samples using multiple PCR methods.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, cultured from human and food after extraction of genome, were used to study the presence of adherent genes using multiple PCR techniques. The phenotypic study of biofilm formation was performed using Microtiter plates assay microplate technique.Results: In total, 60 human and food samples were studied that included 6 samples of foodstuff, 20% of samples and of 2 samples clinical 6.67% isolated from biofilms. In 30 isolates isolated from food, the frequencies of fnbB, clfB, and clfA genes were identified as 20%, 76.66%, 80%, respectively. However, among the 30 clinical samples, the frequencies of fnbB, clfB, and clfA genes were 6.66%, 70%, and 93.33%, respectively. The fnbA gene was not detected in any of the samples.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the high prevalence of biofilm-inducing genes and also a relatively high phenotypic expression among the samples showed that it could be related to the resistance of the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Staphylococcus is a bacterium responsible for a wide range of diseases, from mild skin infections to lethal necrosis pneumonia. The aim of the present study was to determine the virulence factors among methicillin resistant and sensitive strains isolated from clinical specimens of children referred to the pediatric medical center and also to find out about their antibiotic resistance.Materials and Methods: In the present study, 100 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, susceptible and resistant to methicillin, were collected during one year. First, biochemical tests were performed to detect Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Then, antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using antibiotic disks (MAST; England) according to CLSI guidelines. The presence of hlg, mecA, nuc, and pvl genes was investigated using PCR method and then sequenced.Results: A total of 30 samples (30%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSA) using the cefoxitin disk. Vancomycin was determined to be the most susceptible to antibiotics with 100% and penicillin had the highest resistance to antibiotics with 98%. The prevalence values for hlg, mecA, and pvl genes were 30%, 95%, and 6%, respectively.Conclusion: The present study showed that vancomycin and cotrimoxazole were the best effective antibiotics against MRSA strains.