Management Research in Iran
Year:2016 | Volume:20 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Applying ethics issues into decision making process is effective for ethics enforcement in society. Normative ethics researches through determining the criteria of good and bad actions, try to guide people by presenting ethical norms for certain situations. Also ethical decision making measuring scales cause knowledge for improvements on this (however these scales are mainly based on psychological aspects rather than ethical theories). In this research the Islamic moral doctrine is used as the base for developing a Personal Selling Ethical Assessment Scale. Using Grounded Theory strategy with some modifications, 12 semi-structured interviews with Islamic ethics and marketing experts is done. And by open-coding analysis in Atlas.ti software, the ethical criteria: Committing Anti-Religious, Halal but Anti-Ethical Actions, Breach of Trust and Abuse of Trust, Lying, Bribes & Gifts, Behaviors causing Immorality in future like Reciprocity, Dishonesty and Special Treatment, Lack of Adherence to Commitments and Overpromising, Deception and Conflict of Interest, Scarcity and Inside Information, Creating a Monopoly, Hiding about the product to the customer, Price Discrimination, Manipulation, Abuse of Customer Unawareness, Cheating, Misleading and Puffery, Causing Coercion like Forcing Samples on Buyer and Limiting the Autonomy are extracted. This research focuses on the ethical actions of personal selling in relation to customers and presents some criteria for preventing unethical acts.

Conflict modeling and analysis have been investigated within many disciplines. Metagame based methods are the most comprehensive models that have been used for conflict modeling and analysis. The literature review outlines that common interest in the gas field shared between Iran and Qatar and lack of power balance between the two parties have caused conflict. Moreover, no serious study has been done on the aspects involved in the conflict. In this research we acknowledge the lack of a comprehensive study on the gas field shared. We employed confrontation analysis and drama theory to shed light on the potential issues involved in this case. Based on the data collected from several in-depth interviews, we present a framework depicting influential factors on the case of shared field between Iran and Qatar. While research findings show that negotiation under the current circumstances is impossible, a positive situation for Iranian side in the future is predicted. The research also suggests an appropriate strategy not only to resolve the conflict in Iran-Qatar partnership, also facilitate the creation of fruitful collaboration between the two parties.

Human resources development approach has used various strategies to improve the individual and organizational outcomes. Considering the organizational indifference and exploring strategies and mechanisms to reduce this organizational phenomenon is a challenging issue. One of important mechanisms for reducing the organizational indifference is designing of enabling organizational structure. The purpose of the present study was to predict organizational indifference based on the organizational structure. The research population of the study included the personnel of Shiraz Agricultural Jihad organization (N=733). The order proportional stratified sampling was used and the 251 employees was calculated using Cochran formula. Out of 251 questionnaires 231 were analyzed. For analyzing the data the dependent t-test, one sample t-test, repeated measures analysis and multiple regressions were used. The results indicated that enabling structure directly was significant negative predictor, and hindering structure was significant positive predictor of the organizational indifference. Based on the findings of this study, by designing and developing of enabling organizational structure, organizational indifference will be reduced.

E-governance represents a paradigm shift regarding the role of government and its interaction with citizens. It calls for more citizens participation in the decision-making process provided in electronic forms. Due to the high failure rate of the e-government projects implementation, more attention to this issue is required. Municipalities are organizations that have extensive interaction with citizens. This study seeks to identify and prioritize values of e-governance in municipalities. The e-governance values were extracted from literature via comprehensive literature review. In order to confirm and prioritize these values, the data were collected via questionnaire from experts in the municipality of the city of Qom. The research population was managers and experts of electronic services. Data analysis was performed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The findings showed that among the extracted values from literature, promoting the balanced development of urban services, improving network security and social justice by providing equal opportunities for access to information in electronic form have the highest priority.

At the beginning of Meta information period, organizations were made by knowledge structure need to absorb knowledge workers more than before and organization efforts have been increased in order to create an attractive environment to keep and maintain capable person. In this guard this paper has been done based on a hybrid approach under a correlational- descriptive study to identify the elements of total reward package and investigate its role on perceived job attraction with moderator effect of knowledge employee's age. The statistical population of this paper is 1095 employees of knowledge based companies in science and Technology Park in Tehran. The instrument of data gathering in the first step was a semi structured interview by Delphi approach to identify the elements of total reward package. In the second step a 28 questions questionnaire has been used for measuring the relationship among variables in structural model. The results showed that the employees' age is a moderator variable in designing the elements of total rewards packages. In other words a mixed financial and nonfinancial element has the most job attraction for young employees. While non-financial elements is the key factor to create motivation for experience employees.

In recent years internet shops have had considerable growth. Performance measures are needed for these shops to maximize the use of resources and getting closer to the aims, to provide the identification of strengths and weaknesses along with minimizing resource inputs to improve the situation. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is a nonparametric method for measuring technical efficiency and performance of a set of units. This study given the importance of assessing the performance of internet shops and using multiple input-oriented CCR model, measure the performance of internet shops. In this study, internet shop production process is divided into two stages: marketability and profitability. So to calculate the efficiency, a two-stage model of data envelopment analysis is used. Based on the data collected, the efficiency of 37 Internet stores evaluated. Results include overall efficiency and efficiency of marketability and profitability stages. After determining the efficiency of marketability and profitability stages, inefficient stages were identified and solutions were proposed to improve it.

Higher education is the engine of knowledge-based economy in the country. Universities, the cradle of science and wealth of each country. Production of knowledge achieved with the thesis quality and functional. But today the reasons thesis of graduate without the use of libraries and faculty offices, soil again. The researcher tries to model the thinking process of the theory of constraints, bottlenecks in the way of this process stereotypically Graduate University in Yazd, around the time of spring and summer of 2015 to explore and investigate. In order to collect data, interviews with three panels of experts with knowledge of the agenda and Comprehensive study, the results to be deduced. The most important feature is undesirable, inappropriate choice of subject was unanimous, the basic problem, was elected documents. The poor quality of student input in this stage of the selection process on the one hand and on the other hand, The most important bottlenecks in the way the process was considered a master of Yazd University.

Promotion in providing public utilities usually needs to implement reforms in governance and management structures. This reforms and changes focus on soft direction, organizational dimension and institutional aspects of of managerial systems. This paper aims to foresight and depicts the various probabilities of our country’s power management structure in four widely known models as four scenarios and tries to clarify the possibilities of the people’s participation in power distribution management. In depicting the four scenarios, this paper is strongly determined to find the proper answer to this critical question: ”What is the best probable optimized level of democratization, citizen’s participation and interaction- in energy management and what is its pros and cons?” To achieve this aim, scenario writing method-based on inductive model- is used, demonstrating the four macro energy management (governmental, quasi privatized, privatized and self-governance) models. it is obvious that the findings and consequences of the research, would be an appropriate way in policy and decision making for public sector strategic management.