JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING KNOWLEDGE
Year:2019 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 (21)|Papers Count:9

Objective: Many countries are implementing accrual based accounting standards in their public organizations. Current status and capacities should be considered realistically in order to succeed in implementation of these standards. this research aims to study status of implementation of Audit Organization’ s accounting standards in the public sector institutions of Islamic Republic of Iran and to determine the gap between status quo and desired situation. Method: In this research, factors affecting implementation of accounting standards of public sectors were identified and expert opinion about them was asked through questionnaires given to experts working in public sector institutions. In the designed questionnaire experts were asked to assess current status of factors affecting implementation of Audit Organization’ s accounting standards in the public sector institutions of our country by considering their importance. Received responses were analyzed using Fuzzy Delphi research method and appropriate statistical tests. Results: Research findings indicate that, according to consensus of experts, factors of affect on implementation of accounting standards of public sector in Iran are not implemented appropriately and in all cases there is a meaningful difference between status quo (what there is currently) and desired condition (what should be). Conclusion: According to the research findings, public sector organizations can help to close the gap between current situation and desired situation and successful implementation of these standards by accurate planning and fixing weak points in implementation of accounting standards. Contribution: findings of this research can help to identify weakness points and strength points in implementation of accounting standards and to determine needs of public sector institutions for successful planning and implementation of a transition process to new accounting system.

Objective: The purpose of this study is investigating the impact of management characteristics on value and volume of stock transactions; with an emphasis on data mining methods. Methods: after extracting the financial information of 165 firms listed in TSE for the period of 2007 to 2017, the method to test the hypothesis was a multiple regression model and using a combined data model and data mining methods has been used as complementary statistical methods. Results: management characteristics had a significant effect on value of the stock trades of the companies under study, but the effect of them on the volume of trading in most of the cases was not significant. Only the management forecast accuracy has a significant effect on value of trades and the optimism and myopia management had a significant effect on the volume of stock trading. The greatest effect on stock transaction value is also related to size of the company and the ratio of market value to book value and the greatest effect on volume of trading is related to ratio of price to profit and return on assets of the company. Conclusion: Small number of management attributes had a significant effect on the value and volume of trades and the capital market through the value of stock trades had a significant reaction to different management characteristics. Also only the myopia management had a significant effect on value of trades and myopia, optimism and independence of board had significant effects on volume of trades and other management features were not significant variables on value and volume of transactions. Contribution: for the first time by using of data mining methods the most influential management characteristics on value and volume of stock trading are investigated and identified. It is suggested that in future researches, the impact of management characteristics on other financial variables such as specific stock returns on company, abnormal stock returns, stock price crash risk and… to be studied.

Objective: The present paper aims to investigate the impact of internal controls COSO (2013) on the quality of financial reporting with concentration of the relationship between prespectives of experts responsible for designing and deploying internal control with financial reporting quality criteria. In addition, as with the management responsibility regarding the design and deployment of internal controls, the views of these experts on the internal controls affecting the financial reporting is compared with the views of other internal control specialists. Method: The study was an applied descriptive survey employing a Likert-scale questionnaire designed and validated by the researcher. The questionnaire included 77 questions on the five internal control elements and their seventeen principles. It was distributed among a randomly selected sample of 431 subjects including 101 specialists in charge of the design and deployment of internal control and 330 other internal control specialists. The gathered data was analyzed using structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results indicate that all internal controls of COSO (2013) have affected the financial reporting quality of listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange, and the views of the responsible professionals has a positive and significant relationship with voluntary accruals and the ability to predict profits as the criteria for financial reporting quality. Also, the views of the two above-mentioned specialists do not have a significant difference. Conclusion: The employ of the internal controls of COSO (2013) in the Iranian capital market and the positive views of the practitioners in charge in this regard will improve the quality of financial reporting. Contribution: The research results provide a new insight on the capability of the use of the internal controls of COSO (2013) in the Iranian capital market.

Objective: Investigating the effect of changes in accruals on the investor's heterogeneous belief and increasing the knowledge of investors and managers to decide on the purchase and sale of shares. Method: Regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses using combined data. Results: The results of this study show that the variability of accrual items has a positive effect on the investor's heterogeneous belief and the effect of the variability of accruals on the investor's heterogeneous components in high growth companies compared to low growth companies and in small firms compared to Big companies are bigger. Conclusion: The fluctuation in accruals changes increases the uncertainty in investors' beliefs, and the false response to the information received indicates that they increase or decrease the stock price. The factor of growth and size of companies is known as one of the most important variables in the user's decision making. Contribution: It is expected that the results of research can be useful for future researchers and ultimately affect the quality of research, knowledge and decision making of managers and investors.

Objective: The managers’ sticky expectations is due to opportunistic behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore relationship between managers’ sticky expectations and earning management with regard to non-executive managers. Methods: The analysis is based on pooling data and multiple regression from 131 firms in duration 2012-2018. Results: show that there is a significant relationship between the managers’ sticky expectations and earnings management. Also, non-executive managers effect on relationship between managers’ sticky expectations and earnings management. Conclusion: Managers employed the earnings management owing to their expected goals. Based on agency theory, non-executive managers have considered as a controlling and monitoring mechanism. This role can leads to modifying of relationship between managers’ sticky expectations and earnings management. Contribution: This study tries to fill the theoretical gap between board structure and earnings management literature in Iranian companies. In this regard, due to the potential conflicts between managers and other stakeholders, it is expected that the next enhancement of managers’ monitoring role by increasing the number of non-executive managers may moderate the earnings management.

Objective: Along with the evolution of social relations and the commencement of economic, commercial and commercial exchanges, the harmonization of international financial reporting standards are the needs of accounting and capital markets; since investors are the main pillar Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and rank the problems of investors following the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards from the perspective of professional investors and academic professors. Method: In order to realize the research objectives, first six theoretical and potential factors were identified based on theoretical foundations. Then, the variables of these factors were extracted through the study of related texts and opinion polls and the researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 82% and verified structural validity The data were analyzed using a factor analysis method and distributed among the statistical sample. Results: The result of the analysis of collected data indicates that the views of professional investors and university professors about the most important problems of investors after the implementation of IFRS are different. Conclusion: The lack of adequate knowledge of accountants for the implementation of international financial reporting standards and the lack of proper valuation system in Iran for implementing fair value and the existence of many contradictions between direct tax laws and international financial reporting standards as three major issues Investors will follow the international community's viewpoints on the implementation of international financial reporting standards. Contribution: This research addresses the problems of investors that use the implementation of international financial reporting standards in Iran. Then some solutions are presented in order to solve these problems.

Objective: One of the main objectives of the management of the enterprise is to increase the shareholder's wealth as well as increase the value and stock return. Many factors affect the stock return of companies, which one of these factors is choosing the right financing method. The main object of this research is to review the relationship between cost of debt and surplus return with the moderating effect of investment opportunities. Method: The data of 91 listed companies at Tehran stock exchange during 20092017 analyzed with multiple regression and panel data approach. Results: The results showed that financing costs have a positive and significant relationship with the surplus return. Also, investment opportunities have a significant and positive relation with surplus return and the moderating effect of an investment opportunity on this relation is negative and significant. Conclusion: Investment opportunities as a moderator variable decrease the relation between cost of debt and surplus return. Contribution: The explanation of the relationship between the cost of debt and investment opportunities with the surplus stock returns can provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between capital structure and valuable investment opportunities of the company.

Objective: The issue of bankruptcy is not just waiting for small and medium enterprises, and large corporations, which are often diverse companies, are not safe from bankruptcy. The purpose of this research is to investigate relationship between corporate diversity and bankruptcy risk, with emphasis on differentiation strategies and cost leadership. Method: related data with 97 companies were investigated from 5 industries during the years 1385 to 1396. To measure corporate variation of entropy criteria was used and bankruptcy risk was calculated according to data envelopment analysis technique and Bcc model with the VRS approach. Analytic hierarchy process and expert opinion were used to determine the importance coefficients of the ratios in differentiation strategies and Porter's leadership. To test the research hypotheses were used the logit regression models and resistant panel method. Results: the results show that unlike theoretical issues, corporate diversity does not have a significant effect on corporate bankruptcy risk. Also, there was no significant difference in the cost differentiation strategy and the relationship between corporate diversity and bankruptcy risk. Conclusion: Accordingly, it can be argued that moving toward diversification in the long run does not affect the risk of corporate bankruptcy and the use of Porter's competitive strategies will not be effective. Contribution: The present research can help researchers in the field of Accounting, financial and marketing to carry out future researches and managers of companies, shareholders and capital market participants in the application of competitive strategies of corporate diversification, differentiation and cost leadership to increase company profits and value, as well as gaining more market share and preventing Bankruptcy will help. The innovation aspect of this research is to investigate the effect of competition strategies on the relationship between corporate diversity and bankruptcy risk of accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange.

bjective: the earning management literature attempts to understand why managers manipulate earnings, how they do so and the consequences of this treatment. These questions are the focus on a significant area of inquiry within financial reporting research. one of the important factors affecting earning management can be diversification strategy. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether diversification strategy, by making an explicit distinction between business and geographic diversification, provides a favorable environment for earnings management or whether it mitigates this phenomenon. Method: the research in terms of objectives is practical and nature of method investigating variables is correlation. the research based on a sample of 97 companies from listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2009– 2017 and making an explicit distinction between industrial and geographic diversification, multivariate regression model based on panel data are used to test whether diversification strategy has an impact on earnings management. the study makes use of discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings management and the modified Jones model is used to measure discretionary accruals. Results: the findings of the study reveal that business and geographic diversification by itself haven’ t any significant impact on earnings management but a combination of business and geographic diversification mitigates this phenomenon. Conclusion: the results of the study revealed the evidence in support of the portfolio theory and risk-reducing theory, because the theories argue negative relationship among earnings management and diversification strategy. Contribution: since to examine the relationship between diversification strategy and earning management an explicit distinction has considered between industrial and geographic diversification and also combination of industrial and geographic diversification is the innovation of this research.