MEDICAL JOURNAL OF TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2019 | Volume:41 | Issue:4|Papers Count:13

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) has a variety of roles, But the abundance of scientific evidence indicates that it is a metabolic biomarker associated with indicators of physical fitness and health. The present study examined the relationship between serum levels of IGF-I and aerobic fitness, anaerobic capacity and body fat percent, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure before and after the eight weeks of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) in adolescent boys. Methods: In this experimental study, 22 adolescent boys in a randomly and double-blinded design were allocated in two equal groups: HIIT group (N=11) and control group (N=11). Training programs were conducted 3-4 times per week for 8 weeks. The HIIT program consisted of 6-8 running sprints (30-60 seconds) with a 3. 5-4 min recovery. Mentioned indicators assessments were performed 18-24 hours pre and post intervention. Results: IGF-1, Maximum Oxygen uptake (VO2max(, Peak Power Output (PPO) and mean power output (MPO) were significantly higher after 8 week HIIT than the pre-exercise training evaluations (P<0. 001). Fatigue index and body fat percent decreased in HIIT trial after 8 week HIIT (P<0. 001). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between IGF-I changes and aerobic fitness, anaerobic and body fat percentage. However, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not change significantly after the training period (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: The IGF-I can be used as an indicator to assess the fitness of adolescent boys.

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of emergency surgeries, but sometimes the physicians face difficulties in proper diagnosis and management. Counting white blood cells and (CRP) C-reactive protein were important factors along with related clinical symptoms. The purpose of this study was evaluate the diagnostic value of these two factors in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methods: In this descriptive study patients with abdominal pain suspected of acute appendicitis were examined. In patients who received the results of clinical examinations and other diagnostic procedures (sonography, CT scan, etc. ) to prove Acute appendicitis was ambiguous and non-determinant, and the score of Alvarado 6-4, a blood sample was taken for checking WBC, CRP and PMN, and was immediately sent to the lab. The laboratory kit used for the above measurements belonged to Bio System Reagents & Instrument Barcelona-Spain, and the sensitivity of this test was 0. 15 mg / L according to the Bio System brochure. CRP>10 mg / L and PMN> 70%, WBC> 10000 / cu mm positive were considered. Results: A total of 251 patients with appendicitis with mean age of 26. 48 ± 10. 5 years were studied. Alvaro criteria in patients with acute appendicitis 3. 95 ± 0. 22 and 4. 9 ± 0. 27 in patients with normal appendix (P = 0. 5). The result of the pathology were normal in 102 (40. 6%) cases, acute appendicitis in 91 cases (36. 3%), and aphthous aphastics in 58 cases (23. 1%). And, 88 (35. 1%) patients had normal WBC and 163 (64. 9%) cases had WBC levels more than 10, 000 Cumm. Also, 50 patients (19. 9%) had normal CRP but in 201 cases (80. 1%) the CRP was higher than 10 mg/L. WBC had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 69. 12 %, 59%, 16. 19% and 52. 27%, respectively in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. CRP had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 69. 12 %, 59%, 16. 19% and 52. 27% respectively in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Conclusion: By measuring CRP and white blood cell count, a negative appendectomy can be reduced along with a clinical examination.

Background: Delivery is an experience with full of stress, with pain, fatigue and fear. The fear of labor pain causes their tendency to cesarean section. It is believed that labor pain is the most painful pain experienced by human beings. This pain occurs at different stages of delivery. Labor duration is a factor affecting pregnancy outcomes and contributing to damages inflicted on mothers and their fetus. Present study was performed with aim of comparing effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with those of pharmaceutical hyoscine – promethazine compound on duration of the first phase of labor in 2015. Methods: This research was done by clinical ergometric method on 84 eligible pregnant women (42 in TENS group; 42 in hyoscine – promethazine group) referring to the Martyr Chamran Hospital of Kangavar division. At the onset of active phase, medication group were injected once with 20 mg of hyoscine and 25 mg of promethazine intramuscularly simultaneously. For non – medication group, TENS device was employed, with a pair of upper electrodes being placed between L1-T10 and a pair of lower ones being placed between S2-S4 on both sides of spinal column. Two groups were tested for duration of the first phase of labor. Results: Variables of age, body mass index(BMI), pregnancy age, dilatation of the second phase of labor and infant weight were tasted in both groups showing no significant differences in this regard (p>0. 05). In the first phase of labor, no statistically significant difference was observed between 2 groups in terms of the means of contraction number means (p=0. 23). But during of the first phase of labor exhibited some significant difference between 2 groups (p=0. 002); in TENS group, mean duration of the first phase was shorter than hyoscine-promethazine group. Conclusion: compared to pharmaceutical hyoscine-promethazine compound, TENS further shortened duration of the first phase of labor; therefore, it is recommended that TENS be used to shorten labor duration.

Background: Foot orthoses are often used to correct altered gait patterns. However, effect of long term use of arch support foot orthoses on walking mechanics is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long term use of arch support foot orthoses on the asymmetry indices of ground reaction forces during stance phase of walking in male children with flexible flat feet. Methods: Fifteen male volunteered children (with their parents’ permission) with flexible flat feet were evaluated. Walking ground reaction forces and kinematic data before and after four months use of foot orthoses were recorded by force plate and Vicon motion system, respectively. Then, the asymmetry indices of ground reaction force components were calculated. Results: The results show that asymmetry index of the medio-lateral component of ground reaction force in loading response and push off phases during pre-test were higher than 4% (normal value). Also asymmetry index of its time to peak during the mid-stance phase in the pre-test were higher than normal value. Moreover, findings did not show any significant differences in asymmetry indices of other ground reaction force components and their time to peak, impulses and vertical loading rate between pre-test and post-test conditions. Conclusion: Despite the high asymmetry values of the peak medio-lateral component and it’ s time to peak in children with flexible flat feet during pre-test; long-term use of the foot orthoses did not show any significant effect on the improvement of the asymmetry index of these components. However, long-term wearing of the foot orthoses reduced asymmetry index of the peak positive free moment amplitude.

Background: Resistance training is the most effective way to increase muscle mass. The hormonal axis of GH-IGF-1 is considered important for the health of the musculoskeletal system in both childhood and adulthood. The purpose of this study was to compare two types to resistance training with and without blood flow restriction on GH-IGF-1 axis after the exercise. Methods: In this study, 36 adolescent gymnast boys aged 10 to 14 years participated in a quasi-experimental research design. The subjects (mean weight 37. 11 ± 8. 11 kg, height 145. 16 ± 11. 58 cm, body mass index 17. 40 ± 1. 77 kg m) were randomly divided into three groups; control (n=12), high intensity resistance training (n=12), and low intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (n=12). Training protocol contained three motions included leg extension, elbow flexion and bench press. Blood samples were taken before and half an hour after training. Results: The results of inter-group showed that a GH variable after acute exercise in resistance exercise with blood flow restriction group (p=0. 195), traditional resistance training groups (p=0. 182), and control (p=0. 317) was not significant; But IGF-1 variable increased significantly in blood flow restriction group (P=0/004). There was no significant difference between groups in levels of GH and IGF-1 (p>0. 05). Conclusion: One session low intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction compared to high intensity resistance training, has a similar effect on increasing serum IGF-1 in children athletes. Such as high intensity resistance exercise seems appropriate to provide hypertrophy and increased in the muscle mass.

Background: lack of mobility has an important role in the development of obesity in the elderly population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of regular aerobic exercise and omega-3 supplementation on serum levels of CRP and IL-6 in elderly women were obese. Methods: In a double-blind study, 40 obese women (BMI ≥ 30) 61. 65± 7. 42 years old were selected as easily-accessible way and randomly categorized into 4 groups of 10 subjects an exercise, supplementation, exercise – supplementation (combination), and placebo (control) groups. Subjects in the supplement and combination groups consumed 2080 mg omega-3 supplement daily for 8 weeks and control groups used sunflower oil as placebo produced in Zachariah Company. Exercise program included aerobic activity at 45 to 55 percent of maximum heart rate for 8 weeks, 40 minute and 3 sessions per week. Blood samples before and 24 hours after the training period in the fasting state were collected. Data analysis was done by paired-t test and two-way ANOVA test using SPSS software (version 16). Results: Statistical test results showed that the concentration of IL-6 and CRP were significantly decreased in the groups of exercise with supplements (p<0/05). Conclusion: The result of this study, carried out 8 weeks of aerobic training with omega-3 supplementation improves the inflammatory status Caused by exercise training combined with omega 3.

Background: Depression, causes problems in social and individual aspects of life, so is the major disease burden in modern societies. There is complex relationship between personality and depression, so some special forms of personality may predispose the person to the depression, and depression and its symptoms may manifest different as a result of the various personalities. Methods: This research case control study consisted of 128 patients with major depressive disorder and 131 normal people. Data have been collected through TCI questionnaire and Hamilton scale for depression. Results: In patients with major depression the Harm-avoidance, Reward-dependence and persistence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness have significant differences with normal people. Patients with major depressive disorder experience high levels of Harm-avoidance and Reward-dependence and Persistence, with low levels of Self-directedness and Cooperativeness than normal people. Conclusion: The depressed patients and normal people are different with temperament and character, and these differences can influence severity of depression.

Background: Heat and oxidative stress are the main pathophysiological elements of varicocele. One of the most important molecular pathways which is triggered by them is apoptosis and can be identified by various markers such as phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation. Protamine deficiency is another phenomenon associated with varicocele. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate apoptotic markers in infertile men with varicocele and correlation of these markers with sperm parameters and chromatin maturation. Methods: In the current study, semen samples of 15 infertile men with varicocele and 15 fertile men who referred to Isfahan fertility and infertility center were used. Firstly, sperm parameters (sperm concentration, motility and morphology) were assessed based on World Health Organization guidelines (2010). Phosphatidylserine translocation, DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were evaluated by flow cytometry, TUNEL assay and chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining, respectively. Results: The results showed that mean values of sperm parameters have reduced significantly in varicocele group compared to fertile group. Phosphatidylserine externalization showed no difference between two groups but percentage of DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency was significantly higher in study group compared to control group. Conclusion: In infertile men with varicocele, increase in levels of DNA fragmentation, protamine deficiency and low quality of sperm parameters may be due to disturbance of testicular thermos-regulation. Further studies are needed to confirm these results. Moreover, no difference was observed in phosphatidylserine externalization which can be due to the small sample size of this study or result of transition of sperm from early to late stages of apoptosis.

Background: Recovery periods during intense exercise cause changes in blood flow, such as hematologic factors and Muscle Damage. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of different recovery in an high intensity training session changes of platelets, white blood cells and creatine kinase serum before, immediately after and two hours after exhaustive exercise in healthy active men. Methods: In this stude, 24 healthy men (Age: 21/07± 1/57, weight: 68/41± 11/75, body fat percentage: 15/93± 6/11 and VO2max: 41/83± 5/87) were selected and randomly divided into three groups including: control, aerobic and stretching PNF recovery were studied. The blood samples were collected from anticubital venous in at pre-test, post-test and follow up. To measure the platelets and white blood cells values, Flowcytometry and equipment Mindray BC-5800 and to measure creatine kinase serum values ELISA technique was used. And to identify significant the data for the analysis of variance with repeated measures with Bonferroni post hoc tests at a significance level of α =0. 05 was used. Results: There was a significant difference about the amount of platelets, white blood cells and creatine kinase serum in different periods of pre-test, post-test and follow-up revealed(P<0. 001). The Bonferroni Post-hoc test results showed a significant difference in the control group between post-test and follow-up(P<0. 05), in the PNF group between pre-test and post-test(P<0. 05) and post-test and follow-up(P<0. 01) and in the aerobic group between pre-test and post-test(P<0. 001) and post-test and follow-up periods(P<0. 01). Bonferroni post hoc test creatine kinase serum results, showed significant differences between the control group post-test and follow-up(P<0. 05), PNF group between pre-test and post-test periods(P<0. 05) and post-test and follow-up (P<0. 01). Conclusion: There was no effect of aerobic recovery and PNF stretching at rest in a HIT training session on platelets, white blood cells and creatine kinase is, but a change in values before and after training in each group. The advantage of active and passive recovery for changes in some hematological values and no Muscle Damage after an intense training.

Background: Considering the Importance of Back Extensor Muscles on the Postural Control and Risk of Falling in Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women, We Investigated the Effects of Back Extensor Endurance on the Thoracic Kyphosis and Static Balance Control in Hyper and Normal Kyphotic Women with osteoporosis. Methods: a total of 22 Osteoporotic Women, based on the Kyphosis Degree, were evaluated in two groups: Hyperkyphotics (No=10) and Normal Kyphotics (No=12). The Kyphosis Degree Measured by Flexi curve ruler. The Isometric Strength of the Back Extensors measured by a Digital Hand-held Dynamometer. Modified Sorensen Test was used for Back Extensor Endurance Evaluation. Static Balance Parameters Evaluated in Double Stand Position by Force plate. Results: In the Hyperkyphotic Group, the time duration of Modified Sorensen Test was Significantly Lower than that in the Normal Kyphotic Group (P=0. 029), there was also a significant negative correlation to the Medio-Lateral Displacement of the center of pressure (Correlation Coefficient:-0/521, P = 0. 047). The Multiple Regression test showed a significant effect of the modified Sorensen's time Duration on the increase of thoracic kyphosis (P = 0. 044). In Hyperkyphotic Group, Standard deviation of the Anterior-Posterior of the Center of Pressure displacement was significantly higher than that in the normal kyphotic Group (P = 0. 05). Conclusion: Regarding to the negative correlation between the Trunk Extensor Endurance and Thoracic Hyperkyphosis and also medio-lateral of COP displacement, it suggests the Trunk Extensor Endurance exercise be considered in therapeutic programs of osteoporotic women.

Background: Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is the most important member of the neurotrophin family that it is essential in the growth and preservation of neuronal phenotype and functional integrity of cholinergic neurons. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic, resistance and combined training on serum levels of NGF in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Methods: In this semi-experimental study cases were randomly selected and divided to four groups: aerobic, resistance, combined and control. Aerobic training includes three sessions per week with intensity 70-75% maximum heart rate for 25 to 45 minutes and resistance training, consists of two sets of upper body muscles and trunk muscles, three sets of lower body muscles with 8 to 12 repetitions, three sessions a week. Combined training includes both aerobic and resistance training, which was performed three sessions per week. In the combined training, aerobic training and then resistance training were performed three sessions per week. Before and after the three-month period of the research, subjects were blood sampled. Results: The 12 weeks of training in all three groups significantly increased serum levels of NGF (P<0. 05). Meanwhile, the highest increase was observed in aerobic group. Conclusion: The regular training increases the levels of NGF and prevents the development of peripheral neuropathy.

Background: Leprosy is still a global health problem, especially in developing countries are important, and Iran is an endemic area for leprosy in the Middle East. Leprosy is a disease caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic infectious disease of humans that causes inflammatory lesions in the skin and peripheral nerves with the granuloma. Numerous studies, the important role of host genetics in susceptibility to leprosy are confirmed. CTLA4 gene is one of the four exons. Polymorphisms have been identified in the CTLA4 gene with susceptibility to a wide range of autoimmune and infectious diseases dependent on T cells are connected. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of CTLA-4 +49 A / G and susceptibility to leprosy and its impact on the type and severity of disease. Methods: In this study, 157 treated leprosy patients living in nursing homes in Tabriz Baba Baghi and 185 healthy human subjects were enrolled as controls. First blood samples (8-10 ml) of patients Gene polymorphism CTLA-4 +49 A / G were determined, and then the genotype frequencies in two groups were compared. In addition, for each patient clinical forms of the disease, the performance, age at onset, duration of illness, symptoms, age, sex and relationship between genotypes and allele polymorphism review was studied. Results: The average age was 11. 90 ± 65. 87 years and the highest prevalence of leprosy at the age of 16 to 30 years old. The most common side effects of organ failure, neurological diseases, leprosy protests eye and ear, nose and throat incidence was 33%. Conclusion: Gene CTLA-4 (+49 A / G) showed that the frequency of AA greater was than the other two types.

Background: PAPP-A is a preterm marker for undesirable pregnancy diagnosis. The relationship between PAPP-A serum levels and maternal health, especially gestational diabetes, which is the most common outcome of pregnancy, is a major issue that needs to be studied. The aim of this study were to evaluate the serum level of PAPP-A and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: in this study all pregnant women who referred to the pregnancy care clinics during their first 3 months, serum levels of PAPP-A were evaluated. As their PAPP-A serum level were less than 0. 4 Mom, they were considered as risk-positive and pregnant women with a serum PAPP-A level of more than 0. 4 MM as a control group. In the subjects, maternal age, serum PAPP-A level, type of delivery, gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, and gestational diabetes were evaluated. Results: The mean age of pregnant women were 26. 85 ± 4. 74 years. There were a significant reverse correlation between serum concentration of first trimesters PAPP-A and preeclampsia (p=0. 003), pregnancy Diabetes (p=0. 003), restriction of intrauterine growth (p=0. 005) and spontaneous abortion (p=0. 04), but there were not significant corrections between serum level of PAPP-A with early birth (p=0. 102) and gestation type (p=0. 583). Conclusion: A reduced amount of first trimester PAPP-A would used as a probable risk factor in complications of pregnancy or embryo including preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes, restriction of intrauterine growth and spontaneous abortion.