Journal of Language and Translation Studies
Year:2016 | Volume:49 | Issue:2 (28)|Papers Count:7

Extended Abstract:1. Introduction:The twentieth century has witnessed a very close relationship between philosophy and literary creations and scope of human imagination and writing. The search for the truth is the search for the reasons of the events and identification of the tangible and intangible world. This kind of search refers to the asking questions about the life and awareness and these factors related the philosophy to the literature, imaginary and artistic achievements. The human describes its situation with its particular field of creation and every human being has its own interpretations and inferential concerning with various life status. This study investigates the philosophical elements of existentialistic constructs of Le Clézio, the contemporary French writer and it justifies the reactions and behaviors of his fictional and real characteristic. This study also seeks to find out the answer to the biological and social crises in mid of twentieth century and in the field of realistic writing.

Extended Abstract:1. Introduction:In our age of speed and communication, time plays an important role in all dimensions of our lives. Globalization, which has brought about intensity of human relations, has raised the value of time. Time is a complex concept which has developed a specific meaning in every culture and society. People's conceptions about time have such high significance that some perceive them as the type of culture those people live in. Levine (1997) contended that a culture’s basic value system can be reflected in its norms and beliefs about time; thereby time is considered a social construct.

Extended Abstract:1. Introduction:A feminist-stylistic research of the Nineteenth Century British novel North and south by Elizabeth Gaskell based on the theory of speech acts by John Searle (1969, 1975, 1979, 1983, 2002), reveals that despite the period’s very strict codes of conduct and etiquette governing women’s behavior and interactions with the opposite sex, they nevertheless found ways and means of manipulating language to control situations in an intelligent fashion and maintain power.

Extended Abstract:1. Introduction:The current advancement of technology has significantly influenced various fields such as audiovisual translation. The emergence of fansub groups is among the most important effects of technological development in the translation world. Easy access to various types of computers as well as free subtitling software programs have resulted in an increasing number of fansubs on a daily basis. A fansub is a non-professional subtitled version of an anime or movie, carried out collaboratively by an unpaid group of volunteers which will be available to users for free. Several reasons have been mentioned for fansubbing such as: providing translation for people who are not familiar with the source language, reluctance or failure regarding the official and commercial subtitling in portraying cultural issues and unique features of foreign products and also, introducing a cultural product that is not so well-known in other parts of the world.

Extended Abstract:1. Introduction:There is a consensus among listening researchers that listening comprehension includes a variety of subskills; though there is not yet a general agreement on their precise nature or exact number (Buck & Tatsuoka, 1998). Thus, it should be possible to define listening as complex skill operations which involve a number of subskills or constituent elements (Goh & Aryadoust, 2014). Psycholinguists have suggested several taxonomies and classifications based on theoretical speculation. One of the initial taxonomies was based on a two-stage process of extracting basic linguistic information and utilizing the information for a communicative purpose. In a study, Rost (1990) identified a set of macro and micro comprehension features for listening comprehension. Rost (2002) proposed the subskills related to perception, interpretation, and information transfer, arguing that there are some overlapping or parallel orientations. However, apart from this parallel model, other psycholinguists preferred to conceptualize the hierarchical model. In such a model, the underlying processes are conceived at various levels that are built on each other either from top to bottom or from bottom to top (Clark & Clark, 1977). Yet, other researchers mention the interactive model in which various levels interact simultaneously where general knowledge, contextual expectations, and predictions play a focal role (Rost, 1990).

Extended Abstract:1. Introduction:Undoubtedly Omar Khayyam is the most famous Persian poet in the West. His fame, on the one hand, rests upon his aphoristic and epigrammatic poems involving universal and enduring themes and subjects which are written in concise and rhythmic forms. On the other hand, Edward FitzGerald’s (1809- 1883), the Victorian English poet-translator, masterly and poetic rendering made them on every tongue. No doubt Omar Khayyam had the greatest impact on literature and society in English speaking countries. Omar’s poems, through FitzGerald’s adaptation, borrowing John Dryden term, gradually traversed the western literatures and societies. Perhaps Omar Khayyam, as an “other”, provided a mirror through which the West saw itself. According to Charles Eliot Norton (1869) the poem “reads like the latest and freshest expression of the perplexity and of the doubt of the generation to which we ourselves belong (567).”