NEW TRENDS IN SPORT MANAGEMENT
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:27|Papers Count:10

The aim of this study was to evaluate strategies for the championship of selected countries with an emphasis on the Olympic Games and a comparison with the Islamic Republic of Iran. Library studies were used to collect the required data and due to the nature of the study, the comparative method (four stages: description, interpretation, neighborhood and comparison) was used to describe and analyze the data. Those selected countries reviewed in this study included England, Australia, South Korea, Canada, Kazakhstan and South Africa and they were selected from five different continents. The reasons to choose these countries were as follows: the UK notable and drastic upswing from the 1996 Atlanta Olympics so far, Australia and South Korea continuous presence in top ten countries in medal distribution standings during the last six Olympic periods, Canada placement at a relatively stable position and Kazakhstan and South Africa being in a situation that was almost the same as Iran in this table. The results showed that the selected countries codified certain strategies for their championship and almost succeeded to achieve their goals. Iran championship system also has a codified strategy but some important elements of championship development such as hosting major sport events have not been considered and some goals have not been met and consequently Iran championship has not developed properly.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political intelligence on the selection of conflict management styles among managers of Iranian sports federations. This research is based on the purpose of applied research and in terms of collecting data, a descriptive research was a correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population of the study includes 584 highs, middle and operational managers of sports federations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Using random sampling method and Morgan formula, the sample size was estimated to be 232 people. In order to measure the variables, the Dostar and et al questionnaire (2016) and Robbins Conflict Management Style Questionnaire (1993) were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by a survey of 13 sports management professors and its reliability was respectively 0. 89 and 0. 83 in a preliminary study through Cronbach' s alpha. The findings of the study through structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) approach showed that the political intelligence of managers effect on cooperative, compromise and agreement conflict management style. Managers with a high level of the political intelligence usually use cooperative, compromise and agreement conflict styles. As a result, managers with high political intelligence will select the positive styles of the conflict management, which it will make the organization more effective.

The present study aimed at offering an applied model of the promotion of Sepahan Club brand strategic position by MAXQDA method that was conducted through proposing grounded theory. The participants included 14 marketing experts and sport management university professors as well as the current and former managers of Sepahan Club who were selected for in-depth and semi-structured interviews by a combination of theoretical sampling and snowball methods. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation. Open, axial and selective encodings were employed to analyze the data by The MAXQDA11software which is used to analyze qualitative data in qualitative research. The results indicated that 481 conceptual codes with 127 indicators in the format of the following aspects (causal factors (3), contextual factors (2), central topics (5), strategies (6), intervening conditions (2) and outcomes (3)) were extracted. Integration of the topics based on their interrelationships of the promotion of Sepahan Club brand strategic position forms a paradigmatic model that results in a brand equity elevation pattern. Strategies like institutionalization of Sepahan Club strategic management, strategic plans of Steel Complex and Ministry of Industry as the high-level documents as well as the absorption of financial resources will result in outcomes such as sustainable revenue and creation of Sepahan Club brand equity.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of total quality management with research, cultural, educational, skills and technology qualitative goals in the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of this study was descriptive – correlation. After the questionnaires were validated, PLS software in the descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data. The statistical population consisted of all the employees of Olympic National Committee of Iran. The sample included all employees of the committee who were selected by census sampling method (n=84). To collect data, the standard questionnaire of total quality management (US federal quality institutes, 2009) and a researcher-made questionnaire of qualitative goals were used. The results showed a significant relationship between the programs of NOC educational qualitative goals and total quality management (P=0. 001, T=2. 57, B=0. 55). There was a significant difference in the mean of programs of NOC qualitative goals (P=0. 000, χ =41. 8). There was a significant difference in the mean of total quality management criteria (P=0. 000, χ 2 =34. 7). Supreme leader support was the most important criterion for total quality management and technology goals were recognized as the most important qualitative goal of the National Olympic Committee. The answer sheet of the questionnaire of total quality management showed that the highest score of total quality management was 200 and the score of NOC total quality management was 84. 2 at C level which showed that NOC started to learn quality and productivity programs. These findings show that the implementation of total quality management system in NOC can help this committee to achieve its educational qualitative goals.

The aim of this study was to analyze the interaction of development strategies of educational sport (a case study of Kurdistan province). The research method was descriptive survey and applied in terms of objectives. The statistical population consisted of sport management professors of Kurdistan province universities, general director and deputies of the Kurdistan Sport and Youth general office, as well as the physical education and health deputy of Education Department in the province. Sample was selected by census sampling method. The educational sport strategies of Kurdistan province were determined by the Delphi method in three stages including 9 goals. In a matrix table, a questionnaire was developed and distributed among the sample. Interpretive structural modeling was used to design a strategic plan. Interpretive structural model is an interactive learning process in which a set of different and related elements are structured in a comprehensive systematic model. The final model showed how the strategic goals were related at five levels. The design of this plan facilitates the implementation of strategies to achieve the development of educational sport in Kurdistan province.

The aim of this study was to investigate those factors influencing sponsorship of sport for all in Iran. This study was exploratory with a qualitative nature. Data were collected by a review of literature and in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 21 experts, faculty members and executives of sport for all who were selected by purposive sampling method using snowball technique and it continued until the theoretical saturation. Based on thematic analysis, data were coded and analyzed. In a thematic analysis, the data from the interviews with the experts were coded. Then, in two stages, the initial concepts were developed. In the first stage, 64 concepts were extracted from interviews with the experts. These concepts were coded in the second stage for more coherence and better analysis and interpretation in the form of 12 more abstract concepts: financial support infrastructure, economic factors, management factors, sponsorship culture, government factors, human resources, competitive advantage, social factors, legal factors, media factors, political factors and organizational factors. Next, 12 concepts generated in the secondary coding process were categorized into 9 major categories or themes. These major categories (themes) were at a higher level than the concepts of the preceding stage in terms of being abstract. According to these results, managers of sport for all can use symbols, concepts and categories identified in their future plans for better financial support of sport for all.

The aim of this study was to design a framework for the model of supporters’ ownership in Esteghlal FC. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and an exploratory-applied nature using the Grounded Theory. The statistical population consisted of football club administrators, sport management professors and sport journalists who were familiar with the ownership of football clubs. The data were collected through theoretical sampling and deep interviews with 8 experts. Based on the Grounded Theory and the systematic approach, the data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. To validate the data, two methods of recoding by the researcher and member checking were used. Based on the coding paradigm, the final framework for the model of supporters’ ownership in the Esteghlal FC was determined in causal conditions, context conditions, intervening conditions and strategies and consequences. According to these findings, it is suggested that the legal, cultural and educational platforms necessary for the transfer of the Esteghlal FC to the supporters should be provided while removing the existing barriers to achieve financial, social and accountability outcomes.

The change and transformation of the conditions and needs of the society has led to changes in the mission of universities. Academic entrepreneurship is one of the new missions of universities after their educational and research missions. The aim of the present study was to identify those factors affecting the intention of academic entrepreneurship from the viewpoints of the entrepreneurial experts in the faculties of sport sciences. The population consisted of academic entrepreneurial experts in faculties of sport sciences; 12 subjects were selected by purposive sampling method until theoretical saturation and they had semi-structured interviews. Then, the texts of the interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. The findings indicated that those factors affecting the intention of academic entrepreneurship from the viewpoints of the entrepreneurial experts required attention to 3 main categories and 11 subcategories including the categories of academic entrepreneurial ecosystems (5 subcategories), cultural and social categories (4 subcategories) and legal-politicaleconomic categories of the country (2 subcategories). These findings can create new perspectives for researchers and professionals such as policymakers, entrepreneurship educators and educational leaders.

The aim of the present study was to identify and extract the important and influential components of sport diplomacy. The methodology of this study was applied and a survey in terms of data collection that was conducted in a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population was equal to all the experts and the statistical sample in the quantitative section according to Cochran's formula for the unknown population size was equal to 218 subjects who were selected by convenience sampling method. Firstly, sport diplomacy related components were extracted with a review of the related literature. Then, using the fuzzy Delphi method, the items of the questionnaire were validated by experts. Exploratory factor analysis was used to summarize the themes extracted from interviews, to identify factors, and to name the extracted factors. Finally, seven components of political processes, cultural exchange, peacebuilding, national unity, economic development, transformation and communication and religious trends were extracted. Next, Structural-Interpretive Modeling (SIM) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) tests were used to investigate the relationships of variables. The results showed that political processes, cultural exchange, transformation and communication had direct and significant effects on national unity. The significance of political processes has not been endorsed by the peacebuilding factor, but national unity and the peacebuilding factor in sport diplomacy had direct and significant effects on the economic development of societies; thus, it seems that strengthening national unity and the peacebuilding role of sport in societies can help their economic prosperity.

The present study aimed at investigating participation factors in sport betting. The research method was analytical descriptive conducted by the field study method and applied in terms of objectives. The statistical population included all those who participated in football betting online. As the researchers did not have access to these subjects, 124 subjects were selected as the study sample by the snowball sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 21 indicators and 4 components was used to collect data. The face and content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts while the related literature was totally reviewed. Furthermore, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0. 87). Descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and second order confirmatory factor analysis) were used in SPSS and Lisrel for data analysis. The results indicated that the most important factors in participation in betting were economic and financial factors, greed, excitement and addiction to betting.