STRATEGIC STUDIES ON YOUTH AND SPORTS
Year:2016 | Volume:14 | Issue:30|Papers Count:16

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between use of new media and intergenerational gap between young people and their parents in the city of Khalkhal. The theoretical framework of this study based on the theory of value change Ingelhart, Berger and Luckmann's sociology of knowledge, individualism Georg Simmel and levels is worth Bngstvn. This research method is descriptive and explanatory survey and the techniques of questionnaire and interview and observation- that has face validity and construct validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 70%) - were used to collect data. All 20-28 year old youth of Khalkhal and their parents (6489 persons) are the study population. The sample size of 364 was calculated by Cochran. Sampling and compilation of multi-stage cluster sampling is quota. The following results have been achieved based on the research hypotheses: The use of new media (independent variable) and the value gap, the gap attitudinal, behavioral gap and communication gap. There was a significant difference (0.01) in the generation gap among various groups of different socio-economic status and highSES groups had an average of 3.9357 greatest inter generational gap.

This study is to analyze the factors (i.e. barriers, motives) influencing the time spent by employed women in physical activities. The approach to this study is descriptive and analytical and done according to field research methodologies. Statistical population of this study consisted of all the women employed in state offices in the city Birjand in 1392 (Iranian calendar) _N=14978.The research sample was chosen through random cluster sampling and calculated by Cochran’s formula (B=0.05, a=0.05) and resulted in 375 people (n=375). Measuring means for analyzing barriers to working out was five-valued questionnaires with 48 questions and the means for analyzing motives was standard seven-valued questionnaires with 28 questions Data of the research was analyzed by SPSS version 20 and Statistical methods ANOVA. Our findings suggest that in the discussion of the motivation of women working in Birjand, Inner motive of experiencing had the highest average among inner motives and outside stimulus of selfawareness had the highest average among outside motives. Employed women taking part in the study Easy to imagine the sport in offices with an average of 2.69, Not meet the interests and needs of women in radio and television with an average of 2.7 Fear of injury with an average of 2.8, There veil as a barrier to participation in sports with an average of 2.88, Lack of proper facilities in place with an average of 2.69 and Lack of interest in the sport exhilarating and exciting environment for women with an average of 2.87as the main barriers to participation in sport have chosen.

The aim of the study was prediction of countries’ success that participating in the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro with intelligent method of MLP. This study was conducted on two qualitative (setting indices) and quantitative (collecting data from selected countries) steps. In the first phase, non-randomly and purposeful procedure, semi-structured qualitative and depth interviews was conducted with 28 elites that were aware of the issue of study up to theoretical saturation. After identification of indexes, Information of selected indicators (22 Indexes political, economic, social, cultural, technological and sporting as Theoretical Model (PEST+S)) was collected for 42 selected countries, in 40-years period, since 1976 Montreal Olympics to 2012 London. On the next step, from test of the conceptual model of multilayer perceptron networks (MLP) were used in comparison the actual values of Iran’s 22 indexes with predicted values in 2012. The results showed, in comparison the actual values with predicted values in 2012, the MLP has small errors in predicting of indices. Also, comparison of actual rank and predicted rank of 42 selected countries in 2012, MLP method had less Mean absolute error rate (0.4629). In final step, indices were estimated and rank of selected countries was predicted in Rio de Janeiro (2016). According to research results, Countries United States of America, China and the Great Britain will be in the first to third places, in 2016 Olympic Games. Also, Islamic Republic of Iran will be in 21st place among participating teams. Generally, using of Neural Networks Model, Iranian sport Policymaker’s can use identified indices to planning for successful participation in the Olympic Games.

Athlete Brand Image (ABI) consists of three main dimensions: athletic performance, attractive appearance and marketable life style. The purpose of this study was to analysis the pattern of on fan- player identification with athlete brand image. A total of 530 University students completed Scale of Athlete Brand Image (SABI) which developed by Arai, Jae Ko and Kaplandou (2013), and modified Cohen & Perse’s (2003) Identification Scale respectively. Structural Equation Model (SEM) showed that from ABI dimensions, athletic performance and marketable life style has significant path loading on fanplayer level of identification. This dimension reflects personality of an athlete and the social perception toward athletes. Therefore, despite athlete’s performance, to enhance fan- player level of identification, athletes and their manger are recommended to invest a substantial part of their activities on generate athlete effective marketable life style. This could be achieved by behaving ethically in and out off the field with sensitivity toward socio-cultural issues, being good role model and good leader for fans, socially responsible, and showing appreciation for fan/ spectators.

The purpose of this research was to design structural equation model of human resource management policies and outcomes in Ministry of Sports and Youth. Research method was Descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population was 466 experts who were working in Ministry of Sports and Youth. Using krejcie- Morgan table, the sample size was determined 214.However, due to need of adequate number of samples in structural equation modeling method, 320 questionnaires were distributed.294 questionnaires (92%) were returned that considered as sample size. The research instruments included basic demographic information, human resource management policies questionnaire (researcher – made) and motivation questionnaire, organizational commitment questionnaire (Bozeman and Perrewe, 2001), cooperation (with director and coworker) questionnaire (Lambooij, 2005 and Sanders & Van Emmerik, 2004) and job satisfaction (Linz, 2003). Content Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by sport management professors and reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To identify the dimensions of variables and the factor load and construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was used with varimax rotation. For data analysis some statistical techniques were used such as: test sampling adequacy (KMO) and Bartlett, Pearson correlation, regression, factor analysis, path analysis and structural equation modeling techniques with using SPSS and LISREL sortwares. Findings indicated: multiple regression coefficients between human resource management policies and outcomes were significant. Human resource management policies predicted 23 percent of variance of human resource management outcomes. The proposed research model had good fit in target population. Also, impact factor of human resource management policies and it’s dimensions on human resource management outputs was 0.67. Therefore, human resource management policies and its dimensions could explain the human resource management outcomes and its dimensions.

With visual symbols of status and identity in late modernity, body has turned as a mean for the expression of identity and symbol of personality. Body care and monitoring provides the opportunity for people to maintain personal narrative of their bodies and put it on display. Given the importance attached to it, this article studies the relationship between lifestyle and body image among young women. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the theories of Giddens, Bourdiew, and Fouca. Study population of the research is 2659681, and the sample population is 415 women in Tehran. Cochran formula using multistage cluster sampling method has been applied to select the sample population. Data and information has been collected through survey and questionnaire. Also, multi-variable regression and structural equation modeling (AMOS) have been employed for analyzing the data. Test hypotheses suggest that there is a significant relationship among such variables as cultural consumption, cultural capital of body management, religious affiliation, leisure-time activities, education, age, and body image. The regression results indicate that, based on Beta value, variables like body management, religious affiliation, cultural consumption, cultural capital, education, and age have the greatest impact on explaining the body image, with the first one (body management) having the most powerful effect. In order to test major and minor theoretical pattern, structural equation modeling was used. Top fitting indicators suggest that the data support the theoretical foundations very well.

The study is to identify factors underpinning the spread of sport tourism in Zanjan city, considering tourists participating in sport events. Research methodology is descriptive-analytical deduction and has been done in causal survey method. Statistical society consisted of 832 athletes and coaches of Zanjan city in years 1391 and 1392 that 263 of them were chosen as research sample using random sampling method. Also documentary method was used to codify the theoretical framework and the data was gathered by a researcher made questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was approved by face validity and content validity (CVR>0.75) and factor analysis (KMO>0.75) and reliability was checked by Cronbach test (alpha=0.843). Data were analyzed by AMOS, version 22, applying descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings indicated that sport infrastructures, authorities' concern, tourism infrastructures and sport events are respectively the most effective factors on the spread of sport tourism. Also, there was a significant difference in tourism infrastructures and sport events, as the coaches more than athletes pay attention to these two factors.

Fashionism is an important social phenomena of modern societies that resulted from contemporary socio-cultural evolutions and simultaneously lead to cultural and social changes. The aim of this research was to a sociological analysis of fashionism among the youth of Yazd city. Theoretical frame was based on a multivariate hypothesis Bourdieu, Giddens, Blaw, Tajfel and Turner theories. In addition, the empirical literature has had a role in entering some variables into the model. The research method is survey in which 400 of youth of Yazd were selected based on a multi-stage cluster sampling method and data gathered by a questionnaire. The results showed that fashionism is under scale. Family fashionism, Habitus, social conformity, religiosity and attachment to family was more influencial variables on youth fashionism. The estimation of the global goodness-of-fit indices and the structural and measurement coefficients totally confirmed the model, although there are some recommendations for modification of the hypothesized model.

This study is to assess the attitudes of young people about using dating sites and the affecting factors. In many communities, finding a spouse is established through a variety of ways and non-judgmentlly about the way the spouse seeking another but in our culture, a particular sensitivity of the way young people are choosing spouse, the issue dealt with. At the same time, the mateselection methods have recently been varied sensitivity towards families and yet none of the relative stability of the mechanism is not in place. Given the importance of the purpose of the present study to investigate attitudes of young people seeky a partner sites and social factors with cultural impact on the attitudes of young people, this study was done by survey method on the population of 18 to 29 year old young people in Tehran. The sample size was calculated using cochram formula about 266 respecttively. The cluster random sampling from 22 disticts of Tehran 3, 11and 18 were selected. This results were obtained by analyzing data of independent variables like family attitudes to dating sites, friends attitude to dating sites, religious, and how to use the media and the internet, anonymity of cyber space, trusted sites, the availability of the internet and gender as a ground variable are of significant correlation.

This research tries to formulate a theoretical model on student’s lifestyle wellness in Iranian society. In this regard, after examining the experimental and theoretical backgrounds of the subject and using Grounded theory and Research Methods of Strauss & Corbin as the main methodology, the research data was collected by a Directive Interview among 20 people who were experts and scholars in the field of student’s health. After analyzing data in three distinct sections; Open coding, Axial Coding, and Selective Coding, an Iranian- Islamic student lifestyle wellness was framed. Based upon this model, the effective and causative conditions in student’s life style wellness are as follow: life habits, nutrition, leisure time, personality characterization, resiliency, personality stability, self controlling, being effectiveness, formal and indirect education. Its grounded components include: sentimental/ emotional supporting, family protection, friends backing, social assisting, socioeconomic status, economic stability sense, social dignity sense. Confounding or Intervening factors include: educational discontent, occupation obscurity, education demotivating, religious rituals, social pressure, faddism, unhealthy behavior of associates and residential area. The main and basic category of life style wellness includes cognition that is self understanding and others. Moreover, solutions to improve wellness in students include: education process specially education in life skills. At the end, there are some consequences such as mental health (emotional awareness, Self-esteem), achievement and sagacious selection in students’ life style wellness.

The study is to design the Public Sport development strategies in Hormozgan province based on SWOT model. This is a descriptive study by Survey research method. The research population was the experts in field of sports activities in this province who are the members of faculty professors, sport managers and experts, sport management MSC students and all the public sport authorities.We selected 120 people as the sample of study. It was used researcher- made Questionnaire including 4 open and 63 closed questions. Some professors and experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire and its reliability confirmed by Cronbach 0.87.Data analyzing was performed by descriptive statistics indicators, binomial test (nonparametric equivalent of t test), Friedman and analysis of variance using the software SPSS18.After analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and forming of the matrix and evaluation of internal and external factors about public sport in Hormozgan province, it was determined "Hormozgan province sport and adolescence organization" is on WO position that ought to be concerned as conservative strategy.

The aim of this present study was to evaluate the Prevalence of narcotic abuse among Iranian high school student and factors related to it among them. The statistical population of this descriptive survey was all Iranian high school students that by cluster sampling we distributed and collected 2400 self-report questionnaires between high school student in 20011-2012 academic year in five provinces (Tehran, Ghom, Khoozestan, Mazandaran and Kermanshah) .Then these questionnaires were coded and analyzed by SPSS software in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that prevalence of Narcotic substance in Iranian boy student was 5.25% and in Iranian girl student was 3.75%. The researchers showed most important variables that affect to use these substances including Smoking, number of siblings, having sports activities, general knowledge of drugs and psychotropic status, maternal education, father's occupation, the unemployment odd hours, use of drugs by the student and the knowledge of narcotics and psychotropic substances Battalion. The survey results showed high prevalence of Narcotic substance use and the need to develop prevention programs by attention to some variable that affect to drug abuse among this people.