JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ANALYSIS SOCIAL ORDER AND INEQUALITY
Year:2015 | Volume:7 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

In this paper, based on Path Analysis the factors Affecting on the Convincing Order of Media’s Consumption, based on R. Williams theory, the path is considered research hypotheses. Thus, referring to media messages among the youth audience of 227,790 people, the city population over 18 years old, 368 cases with multi-stage cluster sampling and quota randomly selected. The findings, according to Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) indicates that the process of Media’s consumption, male audience (compared to female audiences) also had high levels of motivation to follow of media advertising, and has a high degree of attitude of media advertising. However, through boys and girls in terms of Convincing Order of Media’s Consumption, consumption goods of media advertising, economic value of media advertising, selection of significant media advertising and self-esteem, differences exist. If the based on multiple regression analysis (R) and path analysis of factors affecting on the Convincing Order of Media’s Consumption, for the goodness of fit of the theoretical model, based on the value of beta (β) in order to convince 36% of changes in Convincing Order of Media’s Consumption in the Internet and satellite networks (r2=.36) the increasing consumption goods of media advertising (+.54), increased motivation to follow through mass media (+.36), decreasing the economic value of media advertising (-.17), increasing selection of significant media advertising (+.17), increasing attitude of media advertising (+.10) and increasing self-esteem (+.11), among female respondents (-.16) married (+.09 ), native (+.09), working (+.14), an impersonal housing (-.12), the volume of the households (+.12) depends of residing in the cityof zanjan.

Since the second half of the 20th century, the concept of participation with a new view has become one of the key issues in development, particularly urban development plans. Promoting public participation in planning requires knowledge of the factors having an impact on this issue. The objective of the present study is to investigate the amount of citizens' participation in urban affairs and factors affecting on it among the residents of Sanandaj city. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey. The study population included all the residents of Sanandaj city. The sample consisted of 383 participants selected using in proportion with the size of each of the three areas of Sanandaj. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were investigated using formal validity method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the data, t-test, Tukey, Pearson, regression analysis and path analysis were used to identify the direct and indirect effects of variables. The findings of the study indicated that the level of public participation in urban affairs with mean score of 2.67 is lower than the average level (in the range 0-5). In addition, the results of inferential statistics and testing hypotheses demonstrated a significant correlation between the degree of satisfaction with the municipality' performance, socioeconomic status, residential status, using mass media, knowledge of how to prepare and implement urban development plans, confidence in urban managers, membership in local associations, age and gender on the one hand, and participation on the other. Using the path analysis model, it can be seen that the value of the determination coefficient determines and predicts 62 percent of the set of variations in the dependent variable. Based on the analytical methodology used in this study, satisfaction with the municipality's performance (with a coefficient of 0.401) is the most influential factor followed by variables such as using mass media, knowledge of how to prepare and implement urban development plans, membership in local associations, residential status, socioeconomic status, confidence in urban managers, gender and age rank next in terms of impact.

Social happiness is one of the most crucial needs of various segments of society, especially the youth. Social happiness is related to numerous variables and helps in mitigating social problems. This study seeks to investigate social happiness among the youth living in the city of Yazd as well as Strategies to Increase It. Data used in this study comes from an individual survey interview conducted in Yazd, a city in the central part of Iran. The target population for the study consisted of all currently youth aged 15-29. A total number of 384 youth were interviewed for the purposes of the present analysis. The respondents were selected using cluster random sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the scale was assessed using Cronbach alpha and content validity. Since the value of this scale was greater than 0.7 for all of the constructing variables, there was a significant negative correlation between relative deprivation and social happiness. Furthermore, there was a significant direct correlation between education, use of mass media and social capital on the one hand, and social happiness on the other. Social happiness was higher among Employed youths compared to unemployed ones, but no difference was observed based on gender and marital status.

Equitable distribution of income is among the most important objective of every country. Unfortunately, due to structural problems, income inequality has not ameliorated despite tremendous efforts in this area. Since education possesses the capability to build and enhance the skills and abilities of individuals, it can be a catalyst for fundamental changes in the structure of income distribution. Therefore, today the view that education can reduce income inequalities especially in developing countries has gained popularity. Hence, the major purpose of the current study is to analyze the effect on income inequality of the government’s expenditures on education in selected member countries of the Islamic Conference Organization in 1965-2010 at five-year intervals. To this end, the GLS estimation method was used in the framework of Panel data systems. The results indicate that the increase in literacy level causes the improvement of income distribution, however, intensifying literacy distribution would exacerbate the income distribution, therefore higher (intermediate) literacy level and its less distribution (standard deviation) would improve the income distribution in society.

Public spaces, where there are face-to-face relations and interactions between people of different ages and sexes, can feel insecure to some groups like women. “Gender division,” is one among several strategies used to increase the security of urban public spaces and decrease the unnecessary intermixture of the two sexes. The present research is an attempt to investigate the factors affecting the degree of satisfaction with gender division patterns in public spaces using a survey-based method. Among public places in which gender division has been implemented, public parks have been selected with the explicit aim of investigating the diverse aspects of the subject. A survey-based method is used in the present study, based on which six areas of the city of Tehran has been selected using selective-probabilistic sampling. Questionnaires were administered to 324 individuals. The results showed that 40% of the respondents were satisfied with gender division in parks, while 60% were not. Furthermore, the degree of insecurity felt by women in public parks, the degree of religiosity among individuals and their families, the prevalence of feminist thoughts among individuals, the degree of using all-female public parks, and finally satisfaction with other aspects of life were found to have an impact on the individuals’ satisfaction with Gender division arrangements in public parks.