JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ANALYSIS SOCIAL ORDER AND INEQUALITY
Year:2015 | Volume:7 | Issue:1|Papers Count:6

The present research aims to examine the social factors influencing intergeneration social mobility in the city of Kermanshah. By mobility, we mean intergeneration mobility data about which was obtained through survey method. The research sample consisted of 300 subjects selected through stratified sampling method and via questionnaire and interview. The mobility index refers to the difference between a child’s occupational status compared to his father. Based on this index, 18.7% of the respondents had demonstrated ascending mobility, 25.7% had demonstrated horizontal mobility, and 29.7% had demonstrated descending mobility, with the remaining 26% demonstrating no mobility at all. Overall, the results showed a positive correlation between the cultural capital variable and the dependent variable, thus contributing to social mobility. However, the fatalism variable showed a negative correlation with the dependent variable, reducing the impact on intergenerational social mobility. Furthermore, according to the results obtained from the multivariate regression test, about 14% of changes in the dependent variable could be explained by the independent and background variables.

Iran is a multiethnic country and the issue of ethnic convergence and divergence is very important in terms of social cohesion and social consensus. The present paper is an attempt to study convergence between Persian, Turkish and Lor ethnic groups in Hamedan province in Western Iran from a sociological perspective, as well as to identify and analyze the factors affecting it. To develop the theoretical framework, the modernization theory (development of culture and communication), the idea of civil society perspective on citizenship and sense of relative deprivation were used. This study follows a survey-based approach. Using stratified multistage cluster sampling, 384 participants living in Hamedan province were selected based on three main criteria, namely their cultural and communication status, their acceptance of citizenship principles and their sense of relative deprivation. Furthermore, Bougardos’s social distance spectrum scale was used to assess the level of interaction among people. The present study, among other things, helps identify the main factors contributing to ethnic integration including social capital, adoption of principles of citizenship, life satisfaction, social and political participation, age, cultural and communications status, sense of relative deprivation and access to mass media, and finally lack of correlation between people’s marital status, employment status and social origin with their ethnic convergence. Finally, path analysis showed that 0.8% of the observed ethnic convergence could be accounted for using the afore-mentioned variables.

The present study has been done based on three theories, namely Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory, Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime, and Agnew’s General Strain Theory, to investigate the effect of variables associated with these theories on deviant behavior among Tehran and Allameh Tabatabai university Students. To this end, attempt was made to develop a conceptual model based on the theoretical and empirical background of the present study for analyzing the structural relationships among the variables and constructs under investigation. Therefore, 440 students from the universities of Tehran and Allameh tabataba’i were selected using random sampling method, and the questionnaires were administered to them. Goodness of fit indices in the structural equation modeling showed that when general strain variables are considered as exogenous independent variables, self- control and social bond variables are considered as mediators variables and the deviant behavior variable is considered as the dependent variable, the model-data fit will besatisfactory, indicating fitness between the empirical data and the hypothetical model. Based on indirect and direct coefficients, general strain and its components and social bond have had the greatest role in accounting for the dependent variable, with self-control having the smallest effect.

As a social organization, universities play a crucial in the process of socialization. Academic ethics means compliance with the accepted norms in a scientific context and a violation of such norms would be considered as deviations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the students' commitment to academic ethics and factors affecting it. The theoretical framework consists of theories proposed by Hirsch, Hoy WK, Tarter, Anderson, Nonis SA, Swift, Chalabi and the network theory. The study was conducted using a survey-based method. 387 students from Shahid Beheshti University, and the Islamic Azad University of Northern Tehran were selected using stratified sampling. The mean value of academic ethics among students was 3.47 of 5. In general, it can be argued that academic ethics is influenced by demographic, social and academic factors. In this study, 8 hypotheses were tested. Results indicated a significant positive correalation between scientific ethics and variables such as outcome evaluation, subjective norm, sense of institutional belonging, sense of educational justice, academic ethics among faculty members, academic stress, academic socialization, and intimate relationship with the faculty on the other hand, and adherence to the norms associated with academic ethics (r=0.53). this means that 0/53% of the changes in academic ethics can be explained using the above factors.

Social research has raised serious concerns regarding mental health among people living in deprived areas. Goal engagement control strategies can be useful in explaining the reason(s) behind this situation. The present study was conducted with the explicit aim of predicting mental health based on the life span theory of control strategies in advanced and deprived areas. The research sample consisted of 1188 employees working for different organizations and companies from all over Iran, who had been selected from both advanced and deprived areas. Results obtained from a previous study were used for determining these areas. Given their geographical proximity, students of psychology at the University of Isfahan participated in data collection. Research instruments included work-related demands, control strategies & mental health scales. Findings showed that changes in levels of job demands, goal engagement and lack of goal engagement control strategies is high and mental health is low in deprived areas. There was a negative correlation between work-related demands and lack of goal engagement control strategies in such areas with the mental health variable. There was also a positive correlation between goal engagement control strategies and mental health. Thus, the use of control strategies under conditions of deprivation can mitigate the negative effects of changes in work-related demands in short term, but will lead to lower long-term mental health.

This research is a case study that investigates the relationship between the characteristics of social network and people’s work motivation using a whole network approach. In this research, formal and informal ties of all the employees working in a non-governmental organization were analyzed. The Data collection process was conducted using network and work motivation questionnaires, and data analysis was performed using UCINET, SPSS and Excel Software. According to our Findings, an increase in the degree of centrality of various types of links led to greater work motivation among employees. Of the various types of links examined, dyadic links (reciprocal links) are of more significant. The results also indicated that the degree of centrality in consulting networks had a significant effect on employees’ work motivation and its’ dimensions when the links were dyadic.