Journal of Inflammatory Diseases
Year:2020 | Volume:23 | Issue:6 (107)|Papers Count:8

Background: The FOXO3a/Beclin-1 pathway is an important pathway in autophagy that can be impaired in diabetic patients who are prone to cardiomyopathy. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week endurance training program on the content of FOXO3a and Beclin-1 proteins in the heart muscle tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 12 male two-month-old Sprague Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270± 20 g. After diabetic induction by streptozotocin and nicotinamide, rats were randomly assigned into two groups of diabetic-exercise (n=6) and diabetic-control (n=6). The diabeticexercise group received intervention 4 days per week, each session for 42 minutes at a speed of 10-30 m/m for 8 weeks, while the control group received no any training program. The rats did not receive any insulin treatment during the study. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-test at a significance level of P≤ 0. 05. Findings: No significant changes were observed in the content of FOXO3a (P=0. 12) and Beclin-1 (P=0. 34) proteins in the training group compared to the control group after intervention. Conclusion: The endurance training can not affect the content of FOXO3a and Beclin-1 proteins. Therefore, it seems that endurance training may not affect autophagy signaling in the heart muscle of type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is one of the most common neurodevelopment disorders that caused by both environment and genetic factors. Genetic diseases account for 50% of ID incidents and have important role in its development. One of the most important risk factors of ID in most countries is consanguineous marriage. In consanguineous families, the risk of developing autosomal recessive ID is 3. 6-fold higher. There is high prevalence of consanguineous marriage in Iran (about 40 %). Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathological variants of aminoacyl-trna-synthetaseinteracting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) in an Iranian consanguineous family with multiple-ID affected members. Methods: this analytical epidemiological study, whole exome sequencing method was used to examine the molecular etiology in two female ID patients of a consanguineous family living in Qazvin, Iran. Sanger sequencing was carried out for validating potential causative variants in patients, and co-segregation analysis for other family members. Findings: A stop-gain variant (p. Arg158*) in the AIMP1 gene was identified as pathological variant in the study family according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Conclusion: The found variant in the AIMP1 gene caused truncated protein and clinical manifestations such as developmental delay, ID, spastic paraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and speech impairment in the two patients.

Background: Studies have been conducted on citrus fruits and their essential oils in terms of preservative properties and the effect on food safety. Objective: This study aimed to examine the antibacterial effects of kumquat peel essential oil. Methods: In this experimental study, Kumquat fruit was purchased from the market in Qazvin, Iran. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of kumquat peel essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains were measured using broth microdilution method (the range of essential oil concentrations was 25000-12500-6250-3125-1562. 5-781. 25-390. 625-195. 31-97. 655-48. 82 μ g/ml), and the diameter of the bacteria growth inhibition zone was determined by diffusion method (the percentage of essential oil was (4×105 μ g/ml) and then compared with standard 106-8×105-6×105-antibiotics. For statistical analysis, independent t-test and oneway ANOVA were used. Findings: Their mean levels of MIC and MBC for the essential oil against the Staphylococcus aureus were 0. 42± 0. 18 and 1. 04± 0. 3, and against the Escherichia coli, they were 0. 26± 0. 09 and 0. 42± 0. 18, respectively. Under Disk diffusion, the highest mean diameter of growth inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were obtained 12. 1 and 10. 17 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The kumquat peel essential oil has a significant antimicrobial effect on the study bacteria. As an herbal product, it can be useful as an alternative to synthetic drugs and food additives.

Background: Head trauma can cause decreased consciousness level and reduced ability to respond to the environment, leading to impaired cognitive, perceptual and sensory functions in people. One of the techniques that can help improve the brain function is warm bath. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of warm foot bath on the level of consciousness in patients with head trauma. Methods: This is a clinical trial using control group conducted on 50 patients with head trauma having Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 5-12 admitted to the intensive care unit of Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Qazvin, Iran from June to December 2017. They were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. Intervention included a warm foot bath for 7 days, once a day for 15 minutes, and their GCS score was recorded before, one hour and three hours after the intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, chi-square, t-test, and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). Findings: The mean consciousness level of subjects in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group after warm foot bath (P<0. 05). Three hours after warm foot bath, the mean consciousness level was 9. 32± 1. 86 in the intervention group and 8. 44± 2. 48 in the control group which was significantly different (P=0. 005). Conclusion: Warm foot bath can increase the level of consciousness in patients with head trauma.

Background: Mycobacterium bovis is the main cause of tuberculosis in cattle. The most commonly used method to identify bovis-infected cattle is tuberculin test. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the population structure of Mycobacterium bovis in infected cattle farms of Shiraz City in Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 50 pathological samples from tuberculin-positive cattle that were collected from two abattoirs were cultured on glycerinated and pyruvated Lowenstein-Jensen media. Genomic material from culture-positive slopes was extracted and used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-16S rRNA, PCR-IS6110, and PCR--regions of difference (RD) typing. All the M. bovis isolates were then digested by PvuII restriction enzyme and genotyped by polymorphic guanine/cytosine-rich repetitive sequences (PGRS)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Findings: In bacterial culture, 13 (26%) of samples had living mycobacteria where PCR test results revealed their identity as Mycobacterium bovis. Genotype profiling by RFLP-PGRS method displayed two patterns with 10 isolates shared a single profile identical to that of M. bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) strain (1173 P2) and three isolated with a different genotype. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of BCG-like M. bovis (as a typical characteristic of Iranian M. bovis population) in cattle farms of Shiraz City was expected. This may indicate the local evolution of new M. bovis strains in the region or the infiltration of such strains through cattle farming activities.

Background: Studies have shown that postoperative sore throat (POST) is the most common complication of tracheal intubation; however, its actual incidence and extent are not well documented. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the incidence of POST and hemodynamic changes after using macintosh laryngoscope (MCL), glidescope laryngoscope (GSL), and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for elective surgery. Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients undergoing elective surgery in Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Qazvin, Iran. Patients were randomly divided into three groups based on the used intubation techniques including MCL, GSL, and LMA. The incidence of POST, hemodynamic changes, laryngoscopy duration, intubation duration, and number of attempts were compared in three groups and analyzed by ANOVA, independent t-test and chi-square. Findings: POST incidence was significantly higher in the MCL group compared to other two groups (P<0. 05). Duration of laryngoscopy was significantly longer in the MCL group compared to the GSL group (8. 2± 2. 4 vs. 6. 8± 1. 7; P=0. 02). Regarding hemodynamic variables, only heart rate in the LMA group 3 minutes after intervention was significantly lower compared to other two groups (P=0. 02). Conclusion: POST incidence was higher after using GSL and hemodynamic changes were less by using LMA. The preferred method for older people or cardiovascular patients is LMA. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis are prone to psychiatric symptoms due to considerable changes in their individual, social and occupational life which can influence the course and prognosis of renal diseases. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 120 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, Iran. Prior to study, their demographic and laboratory data were recorded. Dialysis adequacy was assessed using urea reduction ratio (URR) and KT/V formula. Data collection tools were Beck’ s Depression Inventory, Beck’ s Anxiety Inventory and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and t-test. Findings: The mean level of depression in patients was 13. 72 where 79 (65. 8%) had depressive symptoms. The severity of symptoms was mild in 47 (39. 2%), moderate in 21 (17. 5%), and severe in 11 (9. 2%). Moreover, the mean level of anxiety was 9. 73 where 16 (13. 3%) had anxiety symptoms. Of 120 patients, only 8 (6. 7%) had suicidal ideation. There was a significant negative association between dialysis adequacy and the severity of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. Anxiety symptoms were more frequent among unemployed patients, and the increase in age was associated with the increase in suicidal ideations (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and existence of anxiety symptoms in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Qazvin, assessment of these psychiatric disorders along with effective therapeutic interventions should be considered.

Strongyloidiasis is caused by intestinal nematode called Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) which can lead to hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infections. If not diagnosed and properly treated, it can even lead to death. The sensitivity of parasitological methods is not high enough and multiple stool sampling over consecutive days is essential to improve the detection rate. The agar plate culture method is more sensitive to the detection of S. stercoralis in fecal samples than other parasitological techniques. Serological tests have demonstrated higher sensitivity, but they have low specificity because of crossreactivity with other helminthes. Moreover, they are not helpful for follow-up of treatment, because they cannot distinguish between new and old infections. Recently, some Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based techniques have been developed for detection of S. stercoralis with high sensitivity and specificity. These methods are rapid but expensive and need well-equipped laboratories. In this paper, conventional and novel methods for laboratory diagnosis of strongyloidiasis are reviewed.