Iranian Journal of Nursing Research
Year:2019 | Volume:14 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Problem solving skills are at the highest level of human cognition and are considered to be the most valuable educational goals. Due to the nature of the discipline, medical students need to upgrade their problem-solving skills. This article aimed to investigate the findings of studies on the use of problem-based Learning in medical education. Methods: In this systematic review, using the databases SID and Irandoc, Magiran and Iran Medex from and searching the Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science databases from 1970 to 2018, Barley and extracted. Then, all articles that had inclusion criteria were studied. To increase the reliability of the study, two researchers evaluated the quality of the articles separately. Results: Of the 4500 original articles, 16 articles were reviewed in the final review. 15 items were quantitative and one of them was a qualitative article. The findings of the articles point to the fact that using the problem-based method in self-directed learning is effective. In this way, students analyze information and achieve the result and avoid repetition and memorization. Conclusions: Use of modern teaching methods to motivate students to actively participate is necessity. Improving students' ability to access and use resources independently to improve their ability to solve problems in medical science education is one of the important issues that should be given special attention, therefore, it is recommended to use this method both in theory education and in clinical education of students.

Introduction: Improving the respiratory function of patients for weaning mechanical ventilation is one of the caring challenges in intensive care settings. Acupressure maybe improves physiological criteria. Therefore, this study aimed to determine acupressure therapy on physiological criteria in female patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in intensive care units of a teaching hospital affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Eighty patients were recruited based on inclusion criteria and randomly allocated to experimental (n=40) and placebo (n=40) groups. While the experimental group received acupressure for 20 minutes and placebo group received pressure only on the thumb. Physiological checklist (respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation and mean blood pressure) recorded in the interval before, immediately, and 20 minutes after the intervention, on the T-piece, after extubation, 20 min after extubation. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and analyzed using SPSS-v 20. Results: After the intervention, respiratory rate and mean blood pressure were not significantly different between the groups (P > 0. 05). However, ANOVA test showed that the heart rate and oxygen saturation were significantly different between the groups (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Implementation of acupressure can have positive effects on physiological criteria in female patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation and is recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention.

Introduction: The pre-hospital emergency care system plays a very important role in the transmission of injuries to medical centers. One of the effective factors in reducing mortality is the timely presence of the treatment team and their rapid transfer. Today, these casualties are transported both aerial and terrestrial. The purpose of this study was the comparison of time indicators of air and land emergency with international standards in the injured trauma resulting from accident in Qom province in 1395. Methods: This research is descriptive-analytic. In this study, a total of 8, 500 randomized traumatic missions registered in year 95 in the emergency department, 4715 injured persons were selected by census air and ground emergency. The data were collected using a checklist including demographic characteristics of injuries and dispatch distances. One-variable T-test and SPSS software version 18 were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean time of arrival to the accident site in the road and air emergency was 11. 45 ± 7. 21 and 21. 53 ± 7. 65 minutes, respectively. The average time to arrive at the accident site in the road emergency was significantly lower than the standard time [14 minutes] (P < 0. 05). But this duration in the air emergency was significantly higher than standard time [17 minutes] (P < 0. 05). The average stopping time at the scene in the road and air emergency was 28. 02 ± 13. 88 and 12. 68 ± 6. 8 minutes, respectively. The mean stop time at the scene in the air emergency was significantly lower than the standard value [20 minutes] (P < 0. 05). Due to the lack of a universal standard for time scene variable for road emergency, no significant level was reported. The mean transfer time in road and air emergency was 17. 68 ± 10. 58 and 23. 43 ± 17. 28 minutes, respectively. The mean transfer time in the air emergency was significantly higher than standard [9 minutes] (P < 0. 05). Due to the lack of a universal standard for transmission time for road emergencies, no significant level was reported. Conclusions: The time to arrive at the accident site in the road emergency and the emergency stop time was less than the standard time standard, but the time to arrive at the accident site and the duration of the transfer in the emergency room was more than standard time.

Introduction: Diabetes, as the most common chronic metabolic disease, causes a crisis in life, which increases the use of spiritual protection as a coping mechanism. Spiritual health is one of the variables that enhance the sense of coherence. The aim of this study was to investigate the spiritual health and sense of coherence in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational. In 1396, 120 patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred to the emergency department of Abhar city were selected using available sampling method. The demographic, spiritual health and sense of coherence questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software, descriptive and inferential statistical tests, Pearson and Anova. Results: Patients' spiritual wellbeing showed that mean of spiritual well-being was 96. 2% and 57. 5% had high spiritual health. The mean of sense of coherence was 116 in patients, and Pearson test showed a significant positive correlation between spiritual health and sense of coherence. Conclusions: Regarding the chronic nature of diabetes, it seems that spiritual health is an effective factor in improving the sense of coherence and, consequently, reducing psychiatric problems and complications arising from it.

Introduction: Health literacy can be defined as the ability to read, understand, and act according to health guidelines. Today insufficient health literacy is considered a global threat. Health literacy is an important issue for policy makers in enhancing health level of society and service quality in hospitals. Performance health literacy during patient's interaction with healthcare providers play an important role. The aim of this study was to investigate health literary level of patients hospitalized in Shustar and its determinants. Methods: In this descriptive survey a sample of 280 patients hospitalized in Shustar's hospitals were chosen by convenience sampling. For obtaining performance, performance health literacy for adults’ questionnaire was used after modification and validation. Data was obtained by standardized test of performance health literacy for adults. Present data has been analyzed by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation test, and SPSS v. 21. Results: Findings showed a nearly average level of health literacy in calculation and reading comprehension in patients. Most surveyed patients had insufficient and marginal health literacy. Statistically, there were no significant difference in health literacy level between men and women, while significant differences were found between health literacy and variables like age, income, education level, and habitat neighborhood. Conclusions: The results revealed that health literacy level of surveyed patients is not sufficient. This suggests a need to consider health literacy in health enhancement planning. Therefore major steps in developing skills and enhancing health literacy can be taken by providing easy-to-read educating materials and efficient educational participation.

Introduction: Patients with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis are frequently exposed to the hemodialysis needles are inserted into the arteriovenous fistulas; one of the important interventions in nursing care is use of nonpharmacological interventions for relief pain. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effect of cryotherapy and acupressure on the pain intensity of needle insertion into arterial-venous fistula in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This research is a single-group, quasi-experimental study by census sampling which was performed on 42 hemodialysis women patients at selected hospitals in Kerman city in 2017. Data collection conducted by demographic questionnaire and pain numerical pain scale. A measurement of pain was done during three consecutive hemodialysis sessions, the first day no intervention, cryotherapy and acupressure intervention was done on the second and third day. In every stage, after being fixed the needle into the arteriovenous fistula vessels, pain was measured using numerical scale. Each cryotherapy and acupressure intervention was performed for 10 minutes on the Hugo point of hand not having A-V fistula (contralateral arm). Results: Most of patients experienced moderate pain without intervention (52. 38%), mild pain with cryotherapy intervention (52. 38%), and moderate pain after acupressure intervention (54. 77%). The mean score of pain was decreased in both acupressure methods (4. 19 ± 2. 43) and cryotherapy (3. 16 ± 2. 17) compared to the no intervention technique (6. 52 ± 1. 82). This difference was significant so that the cryotherapy with mean ordinal score of (1. 38) was more effective in reducing pain (P = 0. 001). Conclusions: Applying cryotherapy on Hugo point of contralateral hand A-V fistula more than the acupressure has reduced pain of needle insertion. It is recommended to take into account comfort and relaxation of the patient, nurses using cryotherapy method to reduce pain for hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Nursing and caring of a person requires that patients' physical and mental aspects be considered at the same time in order to obtain the ultimate health for the patients, which is the Qalbe Salim. Although we as human can identify non-physical aspects of human with our physical knowledge, we cannot master all of it due to the limitations of knowledge. Thus, we need a superior knowledge and this knowledge is the divine command and knowledge of God. Using Islamic texts, this article tries to explain the theory of nursing as a practical structure. Results: In this theory, we refer to the ability to design clinical nursing based on divine orders and existing knowledge as Hikmat (wisdom). This means practicing based on divine orders and real human needs and wise nursing which means nursing on the basis of these orders while considering all aspects of divine nature of humans. In wise nursing, the nurse holds the view that he is caring patients who have a superior position in front of Allah so he/she has a high position in this care process. Conclusions: Therefore, wisdom nursing is done based on the nursing process with humanistic and holistic perspective. The most important thing in this process is considering excellence of man in the course of the disease and the recovery process. The nurse helps "wisely" the patient to achieve the best results and excellence at this important stage of life.

Introduction: The effectiveness of organizational training courses depends on learning transfer to workplace; therefore, identifying the predictor’ s transfer of learning has become one of the Necessities in human resource development. On the other hand, recent studies support the idea that the predictor’ s transfer of learning are influenced by culture and context of each organization. In accordance with this approach, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of moderating type of organization (private or public) in the relationship between organizational factors and learning transfer to workplace. Methods: The present studying terms of the method, is descriptive-correlation. Data collected in late 2017 and early 2018. The statistical population included nursing staff at private hospital of Bu-Ali Sina's and public hospital of Besat in Hamedan. 283 people were selected as a statistical sample by Available sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire for assessing organizational factors and a questionnaire for assessing learning transfer to workplace. Validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by experts, and their reliability were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and moderator regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that the manner of relationship between organizational factors and learning transfer is different in public and private hospitals (t=4. 17; P <0. 05); this means that in public hospital, two variables of peer support (Beta=0. 221; P <0. 05) and collaborative climate (Beta=0. 195; P <0. 05) are the most important predictors of learning transfer to workplace. But in the private hospital, the most important predictors transfer of learning were opportunity to use (Beta=0. 526; P <0. 05) and supervisor support (Beta=0. 260; P <0. 05). Conclusions: According to study findings, the predictors of learning transfer to workplace are different in public and private hospitals. So in order to improve learning transfer to workplace, it is suggested that administrators of government hospitals focus more on promoting collaborative and collaborative climate. But in private hospitals, it's best to focus on improving interactions between supervisors and subordinates and giving more freedom to subordinates.

Introduction: Academic burnout and lack of self-control of factors affecting performance of the students that consider to them is essential. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigation the Efficacy of the group reality therapy in reduction of academic burnout and increasing of self-control of university students. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The study population consisted of psychology graduated students of Karaj Islamic Azad University at the academic years of 96-97. From this population, 30 students with low scores in Schaufeli and et al (2002) academic burnout questionnaire and high scores in Tangney and et al (2004) self-control questionnaire, via using available sampling, were selected and randomly assigned in 2 experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of 90 minutes of group reality therapy at every week. . The control groups did not received any did not receive any training and left into the waiting list. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between academic burnout and self-control of experimental and control groups after the therapeutic intervention. Thus, the group reality therapy reduced academic burnout and increased self-control in experimental group (P > 0. 01). Conclusions: Based on the findings of current research, it can be concluded that the group reality therapy is beneficial in reducing academic burnout and increasing self-control. It can also be used as an intervention method to help student solve their problems.

Introduction: Elderly affects their lifestyles and life satisfaction because of deprivation of social activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to Investigate Life satisfaction and correlates in older adults attending West Health Center of Tehran. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional, descriptive correlation study. The research sample consisted of 200 elderly people attending West Health Center of Tehran through an accessible sampling method after obtaining written informed consent. The data collection tools consisting of a short form of AMT (Abbreviated Mental test) for cognitive test, a demographic Form, and Diener questionnaire (SWLS) for assessing life satisfaction. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 using descriptive and inferential statistics including paired t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the mean age of the elderly was 64. 53 (SD = 3. 95). So that 51% were women and 49% were male. About 39% of the elderly had a moderate life satisfaction. The results of the relationship between life satisfaction with employment, health status, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, respiratory diseases and other diseases were statistically significant (P <0. 05). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that a significant percentage of the elderly were satisfied with their life, and it seems that in having a life satisfaction, some personal characteristics such as being old and married and having a job status and desirable health are considered as an important component. It should be considered in nursing care of the elderly. Therefore, the results of this research can be used to apply positive aspects of "life satisfaction" in improving the health of the elderly referring to the health center and realizing the concept of "healthy and active aging".