Armaghane Danesh
Year:2019 | Volume:24 | Issue:3 ((1) 134)|Papers Count:11

Background & aim: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer. On the other hand, the incidence of breast cancer in Iranian women is at least one decade lower than that of women in developed countries. The role of physical activity in the recovery of all types of cancer has been considered. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of aerobic training on serotonin and its receptors in the hippocampus of depressed mice with breast cancer. Methods: In the present experimental study, thirty mice were randomly divided into healthy control, cancer control, and exercise cancer groups. Breast cancer tumors were induced by MC4-L2 cell infusion. Aerobic exercise group were performed treadmill exercise (5 times/week for 6 weeks with duration and intensity of 55min/d and 20m/min respectively in the final weeks). For investigation the depression in this study we used force swim test (FST) before and after training. Forty eight hours after the last exercise session hippocampus tissue samples were obtained. Concentrations of serotonin (pg/ml), 5 HT3R and 5 HT7R were measured by Elisa and RT PCR methods respectively. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc analysis. Results: Statistical analysis indicated significant increase of serotonin levels in exercise cancer group (P=0. 001). The mean 5 HT3R and 5 HT7R level of the cancer groups were not significant than that of the healthy control group (p=0. 689) and exercise cancer group (p=0. 415). The amount of immobility time was significantly lower in the exercise cancer group compared to that in the cancer control group (P=0. 001). Conclusion: In conclusion, breast cancer may lead to reduction of serotonin levels in the hippocampus and increase depression. Furthermore, six weeks of aerobic exercise could increase serotonin level in the hippocampus of the breast cancer mice but were not significant on 5HT3 and 5HT7 receptors. Six weeks of aerobic exercise may decrease depression. More studies are suggested.

Background & aim: In obesity, adipokines is secreted from adipose tissue induced inflammation, causing adverse effects. Among the wide range of adipokines, aplein has been considered by researchers due to association with body composition indices such as fat percentage, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of concurrent training (endurance and strength) on apelin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein levels in middle-aged sedentary obese men. Methods: In this present quasi-experimental study, 30 men, aged between 48 to 60 years, with mean height of 174. 43± 7. 51 cm, mean weight of 93/53± 5. 26 kg and mean BMI of 30. 88± 0. 81 kg/m2 were selected purposefully, and randomly allocated to the concurrent training (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The training program consisted 12 weeks of concurrent endurance and strength training. Blood samples were collected for measurements of apelin, interleukin-6, Creactive protein and insulin resistance index before and after 12 weeks. Paired sample t-test and Independent were used to analyze the data (p <0. 05). Result: Research findings presented that the concurrent training may significantly reduce Body Mass Index (p=0. 002), insulin resistance index (p=0. 001), inflammatory indices of interleukin-6 (p=0. 001), C-reactive protein (p=0. 023) and apelin (p=0. 001) and significantly increase maximal oxygen consumption (p=0. 002) and one repetition maximum (p=0. 001) compared to control group. Conclusion: Generally, it appeared that 12 weeks of concurrent training with decreasing weight and body fat was effective in improving insulin resistance, inflammatory indices (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) and reducing aplein levels.

Background & aim: Apoptosis plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on gene expression of apoptotic markers in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, three male Wistar rats weighing 220± 20 g were randomly divided into 4 groups including: baseline control, eight weeks control, diabetes mellitus, exercise and diabetes mellitus. In the present study, rats were diabetic intraperitoneally using streptozotocin in a single dose of 50 mg / kg. Intermittent exercise with intensity of 0. 55% maximal oxygen consumption was performed 5 days a week for 2 weeks. The expression of Caspase3 and Bcl2 genes was measured by Ray-Tom-Pissar method. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the mean of Bcl2 gene expression and Caspase-3 skeletal muscle in diabetic rats (p = 0. 0001). Skeletal muscle Bcl2 gene expression was significantly higher in exercise (p = 0. 0001) and exercise-diabetes (p = 0. 048) than diabetic group (p = 0. 0001). Furthermore, the expression of Caspase-3 gene in skeletal muscle was significantly lower in diabetic group (p = 0. 0001). Conclusion: Diabetes appears to be associated with increased skeletal muscle apoptosis, and vigorous intermittent exercise may help to regulate apoptosis in skeletal muscle during diabetes, therefore it is recommended that these exercises be considered for diabetic patients.

Background & aim: Getting high calories and low mobility leads to weight gain and increase in fat tissue. The adipose tissue plays an important role in managing energy balance by secretion of some adipokines such as visfatin and vaspinn. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic training on C-reactive protein(CRP), vaspin and visfatin in non-athletic men. Methods: The statistical sample of the present quasi-experimental study were 30 non-athletic male students of Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht Branch. To measure the serum levels of CRP, vaspin and visfatin in the pretest, 7 cc of blood from the right elbow area of all subjects was taken at the laboratory site, and then the subjects were divided into two groups of aerobic training and control groups based on aerobic power. The aerobic training group performed aerobic trainings with 50 to 60% heart rate reserve for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session for 45 minutes. During this time, the control group only performed their daily activities. 48 hours after the last training session, similar to pre-test of 7 cc of blood was taken from the right elbow area of the subjects. The analysis of the research findings was done by paired and independent sample ttests (p≤ 0. 05). Results: After eight weeks of aerobic training, CRP in the aerobic training group significantly decreased rather than control group(p=0. 001) but vaspin significantly increased(p=0. 001), however there was no significant difference in the visfatin changes following eight weeks of aerobic training in the aerobic training and control groups(p=0. 18). Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of running aerobic training with an intensity of 50 to 60% of the heart rate reserve can improve vaspin and CRP serum levels in non-athlete men.

Background & aim: Orexin is an orexigenic peptide present in the form of A and B in the blood. Orexin neurons respond to a number of metabolic signals that indicate the body's energy status. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of six weeks of aerobic training on orexin level, insulin resistance and anthropometric indices in overweight women. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, the statistical population consisted of overweight and inactive women in Bojnourd, Iran, , aged 45-65 years, and BMI 26-29 kg/m2. Twenty-four eligible individuals were randomly divided into two groups of control and exercise. The exercise included aerobic training (with intensity of 60-70% of maximum heart rate reserve). The exercise performed three times per week for six weeks. Results: The six weeks of aerobic training increased the orexin A level and decreased insulin, glucose, insulin resistance index, weight, BMI, WHR and fat percentage in interventional group. But in control group none of these variables changed significantly after six weeks(P<0. 05). Conclusion: The six weeks of aerobic training increased the orexin A level, decreased insulin resistance and improves anthropometric indices in overweight women. Therefore, obese women are recommended to use these exercises as a preventive method for future diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Background & aim: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) causes significant problems in academic, cognitive, social, emotional and developmental performance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of memory exercises, rhythmic and combined movements on memory performance and selective attention in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design conducted in 2018, 24 girl students aged 7 to 12 with ADHD from Iman School from the sixth educational board district were enrolled in the experiment using available sampling method. The students were identified by Conner's questionnaire. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: working memory, rhythmic movements and compounds (working memory and rhythmic). Results: Results indicated that the effects of working memory program on the selective attention was significant (p>0. 05). The effects of combined training program on working memory were statistically significant but the effects of rhythmic movement on any of the factors were not significant. Also the differences between three groups were significant(p>0. 05). The compound group showed better results in selective attention. There were no differences between groups in working memory test(p>0. 05). Conclusion: The results revealed that in planning educational programs for these children, a combination of working memory and rhythmic training could be planned to improve their selective attention and working memory.

Background & aim: Nurses are the largest group of health care providers and play an important role in the quality of patient care. Career Thoughts is one of the most important factors that play a special role in nursing job performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based Cognitive therapy on dysfunctional career thoughts in nursing students. Methods: The present studywas a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with control group. One standard deviation above the mean of the group were selected by convenience sampling, then these 36 individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 2 hours (one session per week) in the intervention group and the control group did not receive any training. After the sessions, both groups responded to the job dysfunction questionnaire (Sampson et al., 1996). Collected data were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS software. Results: The results revealed that the experimental group indicated a significant decrease in dysfunctional job thinking, decision making confusion, commitment anxiety and external conflict after receiving the training compared to the control group. These results were also maintained at follow-up. The intervention in the post-test was 68% on the total score of ineffective job thoughts, 39% on decision making confusion, 55% on commitment anxiety and 59% on external conflict and in the follow-up phase, 56% on the total score of job ineffective thinking, and 35% on confusion. In decision making, 43% were effective on commitment anxiety and 46% on external conflict. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is recommended to reduce the ineffective nursing students' occupational thinking in order to enhance their job performance and provide their patients with better quality health services.

Background & aim: In the past 20 years, in Iran, the rate of drug abuse has increased three times than the population growth in Iran. To overcome this problem, psychotherapy approaches have gradually expanded in recent years, and an important issue in quitting addiction is the cause of quitting. The purpose of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effectiveness of desensitization through eye movements and reprocessing on cognitive emotion regulation in addicted quitting patients in Yasuj city. Methods: In the present semi-experimental study, the addicted patients referred to Yasuj through the year 2018 were enrolled. Samples included 30 people which were selected as available, and randomly divided to experimental and control groups. At that point, the desensitization treatment was performed on the experimental group for 5 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. The control group did not go through any test. The research tool was the Garnefski emotion regulation questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA, ANOVA and independent T-test. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance for loneliness(f=14. 42) revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control patients (p = 0. 001). Desensitization through eye movements and reprocessing has led to cognitive emotion regulation in addicted patient’ s experimental group compared to control group in post-test. Conclusion: Sensitization through eye movements and reprocessing was effective on cognitive emotion regulation in addicted patients in Yasouj. Therefore, psychologists can play an essential role in increasing adaptation of these patients by training this short-term therapy and its application to addicted patients.

Background & aim: Social anxiety, also known as social phobia, is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the society, which, due to the complex and multidimensional nature of this disorder, requires the planning and implementation of appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Wells meta-cognitive therapy in group therapy on metacognitive beliefs of female students with social anxiety disorder. Methods: the present quasi-experimental study was carried out using a pre-test one-month post-test and control group. The statistical population of the present study were female undergraduate students of Azad University, Payam Noor University, and Applied Sciences University in Gachsaran, Iran. The study was conducted on 300 students using Social Anxiety Inventory(SPI). The cut point was 40 with the accuracy of 80% and cut point of 50 with the accuracy of 89%, distinguished people with social anxiety from non-specific individuals. At that point, sixty participants were randomly selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups of 30 participants each. The MCQ-30 metacognitive beliefs questionnaire was performed in three stages: pre-test, post-test and one-month follow up for the groups. After carrying out ethical considerations(informed consent, willingness, secrecy), the experimental group received metacognitive therapy during the ten sessions and the control group received no treatment. The obtained results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance analysis(MANCOVA) using SPSS software version 21. Result: Mean and standard deviation of metacognitive beliefs in pretest; experimental group 08, 89, 26, 6, control group 90. 22, 5. 58, posttest 70. 04, 4. 66, control group 84. 63, 6. 79 and follow-up in experimental group 71. 38, 6. 79 and control group 85. 74, 6. 94. Furthermore, the results of analysis of covariance indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in all post-tests(p<0. 05). According to the descriptive indices, the experimental group's post-test scores were significantly lower than the control group. This was also the case for the components of followup research, therefore group metacognitive therapy significantly improved the metacognitive beliefs of patients with social anxiety at post-test and the consistency of treatment outcomes at follow-up. Conclusion: Results showed improvement in patients' symptoms after one month post-test and follow-up. According to the post-test results, it appeared that meta-cognitive group therapy was effective in improving metacognitive beliefs in patients with social phobia disorder.

Background & aim: Interpersonal life expectancy and forgiveness are two components of positive psychology that emphasize health promotion factors. In this regard, the relationship between religion and health and its interaction with interpersonal forgiveness and forgiveness in different cultures has been discussed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between interpersonal happiness, life expectancy and religious orientation with general health among students. Methods: The present descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 761 students of Yasuj universities. Samples were randomly selected in each cluster and systematically randomized. The tools used were 5 questionnaires; demographic characteristics, Alport religious orientation questionnaire, general health, Snyder hope, and interpersonal forgiveness. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient Results: a significant and direct relationship was seen between interpersonal satisfaction, life expectancy and religious orientation (internal and external), so that the greater the amount of forgiveness and life expectancy in the individual, the more the health of the individual. The more religious orientation scores increase inward or outward, the greater the health of the individual. Conclusion: The higher the level of interpersonal compassion, life expectancy, and religious orientation, the higher the general health of the individual. There was also a positive and significant relationship between extrinsic religious orientation and general health, which may be because one may be influenced by religious practices over time and not exhibit high-risk behaviors in order to maintain a good condition. . behaviors in order to maintain a good condition.

Background & aim: Diabetes is a common disease characterized by high hyperglycemia. One of the most common complications of this disease is central neuropathy. Hyperglycemia causes adverse effects on cognitive functions such as information processing speed, memory and learning. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare short-term memory function in type 1 diabetic patients and healthy controls. Methods: The present study was a descriptive causal-comparative study which was performed to compare the short-term memory function in type 1 diabetic patients and healthy individuals in Mazandaran diabetes center. The statistical population of the study was 112 people, 58 of whom were type 1 diabetes and 54 healthy people. The demographic questionnaire was used for data collection (age, sex, duration of illness, body mass index, etc) and computer memory test. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. The collected data were analyzed using t-test. Results: The results of the present study revealed that type 1 diabetic patients had lower memory performance than healthy subjects, so that the difference between the healthy and type 1 diabetes groups in the component of reading alphabet at the level of p<0. 05 was significantly lower in the type 1 diabetic patients than in the type 1 diabetic patients. Healthy individuals were less and the components of memory retention time, word retention time, word retention time, short term memory capacity and information processing speed in short term memory were significantly higher than those in type 1 diabetic patients (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, increased blood sugar can impair memory function in type 1 diabetic patients, so that short-term memory function in type 1 diabetic patients was significantly different from healthy subjects and diabetic patients. Type 1 had lower memory performance than healthy controls.