LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Year:2021 | Volume:23 | Issue:4 (92)|Papers Count:8

Objective: To provide a statistical model of Iranian libraries. Methodology: The research approach is mixed. The background of library statistics in Iran and the world was identified, systematicly reviewed, and documentarily analyzed through purposeful sampling. By searching Persian and international leading databases with the keyword "Library Statistics", relevant sources were identified, and duplicates were removed as well as screened. 138 sources in Iran and 223 sources in the world were selected and evaluated. Then, library statistics data items were extracted from them. With the Delphi quantitative method, the statistical model items of Iranian libraries were validated and completed by unanimous sampling with the consensus of experts. Using grounded theory qualitative method, the theory of description and classification of the statistical model of Iranian libraries in the reporting unit, application, and measurement unit was done by interviewing the interviewees via sampling based on purpose and open questionnaire. By open-coding, the main categories of items and categories of the reporting unit, application, and measurement unit; with the axis, the relation of class and categories is extracted; and by selective, systematic development of the class and categories of the statistical model of Iranian libraries were presented. Findings: Information items of the statistical model of Iranian libraries were obtained by Delphi method. Information items of the statistical model of Iranian libraries included 59 items. Based on Grounded Theory, the five main classes of collections, services, human resources, financial resources, and infrastructure were underscored; The main class includes 22 itemes in collections, 14 items in services, 4 items in human resources, 11 items in financial resources, and 8 items in infrastructure; And the category of reporting unit responsible for collecting statistics of Iranian libraries in university, cooperative and network, public, schools, specialized, and provincial libraries; The application of statistical model of Iranian libraries in five levels: international, regional, national, provincial, and local; And the category of measurement unit including volume, title, added, holding, withdrawal, person, hours, Rials, linear feet, and square footage was identified and presented. Finally, the statistical model of Iranian libraries was drawn and presented. Conclusion: Statistical model of Iranian libraries can be utilized in order to create a system for collecting library statistics; and it is a basis for compiling the standard statistics of Iranian libraries. Based on the statistical model of Iranian libraries, library data will be upgraded from the quantitative level of the library directory to the level of library statistics. The statistical model of Iranian libraries is a tool for making decisions and attracting resources to the library. In fact, it provides a set of basic data for library reporting at various levels, and uses descriptive elements to provide a framework for comparing data using descriptions of common elements.

Objective: Using image in educational texts for children can help to enhance their learning. Considering the importance of academic motivation and the role of enhancing reading andwriting skills and reading self-efficacy, as well as the comic book capabilities in this regard, thisstudy attempts to address this issue from the perspective of popular culture. Therefore, thepurpose of this research is to investigate the impact of comic proverb books on educational motivationand reading self-efficiency of elementary fourth and fifth grade students. Methodology: This is a causal-comparative study with post-test design with control group. This studyis applied one in terms of purpose, and quantitative in terms of type. Its data collection was done bydescriptive method of cause-comparison type via considering post-test for a control group. The studypopulation consisted of 4th and 5th grade female students in Alborz province. 100 girls of fourth andfifth grade students in Alborz province was selected by purposive judgment sampling, Samples wereselected through purposive judgment sampling and 50 individuals were selected as control group and50 as experimental group. The subjects in the experimental group were given comic books and bothgroups responded to the Hager reading self-efficacy questionnaire (2017) and the academic motivationquestionnaire by Guy, Marsh, and Dawson (2005). Data analysis was performed by descriptivestatistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and the Mann– Whitney U test). Findings: Significant difference between educational motivation of two groups were showed. This means that reading the proverbial comic books could increase students' educational motivation. It was also found that reading these books did not affect their self-efficacy. Conclusion: The results show that proverb comic books create interest and motivation to read in students. It was also found that proverbial comic books increase students' sense of autonomy and autonomy in learning new material and institutionalize their interest in reading books. Readers were also aware of the fact that selecting and reading comic books in different contexts enables them to learn new and informative content, and in the future, they will be able to study broader topics of interest in comic books. Proverbs have been rarely used in education of the students in our country. Using this type of resources and folklore can increase their educational interest. Producing comic books in many scientific and educational fields can be considered as a good platform for better learning in education.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the existing and desirable use of semantic technology in data retrieval in digital library software of Iran. Methodology: This is an applied research. Due to the specific nature of the research, the combination of Delphi methods and analytical scrutiny were used. After examining the literature and available resources, criteria related to semantic technology components were determined in data retrieval in digital library software. Because of the limitations regarding the lack of appropriate criteria and the need for validation in many cases, it was necessary to use a suitable method for this. Finally, the Delphi method was selected. Using the Delphi panel, the coefficients of the general criteria and semantic technology components were determined in the data retrieval of digital libraries. The statistical population of the study consisted of eight software of the Simorgh digital library, Mashreq, Pars Azarakhsh, Payam Hanan, Rasa, Tebiyan, Saman, and Pasargad. The data processing tool is a checking log. According to experts, Delphi's methodology was used in 3 parts of semantic technology architecture, semantic technology tools, semantic technology in data retrieval and their implementation levels. Data were analyzed using structural equation analysis of variance-axis, partial least squares modeling (PLS-SEM), Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings: There is a significant difference between the current status of the software companies of digital libraries in terms of architectural structure, semantic tools and semantic technology in retrieving information with the desired status of the research. Average ratings are 14. 5, 11. 63 and 29. 5, which is much larger and better than the status quo. The findings of the investigation showed that digital libraries do not have a suitable condition in terms of technological architecture in information marketing and so they need the layers more than the first designing. Also, semantic tools and implemented languages have a very weak semantic technology, and there are not many semantic tools for development and implementation, and they surpassed each other in a few cases. Conclusion: Due to the importance of semantic technologies, Iranian digital libraries are not favorable in terms of their application in information retrieval and require layers beyond their original design and require serious review and effort. They have digital library software to achieve the desired level. This research, while providing a checklist on the application of semantic technology to information retrieval in digital library software based on existing backgrounds and expert opinions, has enabled digital library software designers and programmers to identify challenges, learn more about the criteria and components existing in the field and the degree of importance of each of them, and use them to achieve the best in digital library software design.

Objective: ‘ Knowledge Organization’ is one of the oldest and most basic topics in Library and Information Science that its main domain is immutable over time. However, the environment in which the organization operates has changed dramatically and will continue to change. Published research often describes only certain aspects that show only a partial picture of the perspective of its knowledge organization research. In fact, it is difficult for researchers to get an overview of this field by reviewing such articles. Scientometric methods are expected to help meet this need. This study aims to investigate the centrality indicators in the co-authorship network of articles in the field of knowledge organization. Methodology: This research is an applied type that has done with the approach of scientometrics and analysis of social networks. The research records are compiled based on all articles in the two journals of Knowledge Organization and Cataloging & Classification Quarterly as well as 100 keywords related to the field of knowledge organization indexed in Web of Science from 1900 to 2019. Finally, the retrieved records were limited to research papers, conference papers, and review papers and limited to the subject of Library and Information filed. Out of 23, 525 authors who were involved in the publication of 17, 950 articles, 311 with at least 8 articles were analyzed using UCINET software. After that, a square matrix of dimensions 311 by 311 was formed, and finally the co-authorship network was drawn based on the centrality indicators. Bib Excel software was used to draw the matrix and NetDraw software was used to draw the co-authorship network. Findings: Results indicated taht the average number of authors per article is 1. 31. 23, 525 authors have contributed articles in this field, of which Professor Birger Yorland of the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, is the most active researcher in Knowledge organization with 43 articles. Professor Wolfang J. Stoke of the University of Dü sseldorf, Germany, came in second with 36 papers. Professor Borgman of UCLA is third with 31 articles. Analysis of data related to co-authorship analysis indicates that out of 17, 950 articles under review, 8964 (49. 93%) have been written with the mono-writing approach as the most common approach in knowledge organization and other articles (50. 07%) in the format Co-authors have been offered, of which two authors (24. 68%) have a larger share. In examining the characteristics of centrality indicators, Zheng, Feroo, Giles, and Goh, gained the top scores in the Degree Centrality, Closeness Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Eigen vector, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that prominent researchers in the field of knowledge organization, despite being productive, have not been able to play a significant role in the formation of the co-authorship network in this field.

Objective: The aim of present study was analyzing the perspectives of Instagram followers of Iranian public libraries about users’ engagement and features of pages’ content. Methodology: The study was conducted with a quantitative approach and survey method. The research popultion included the followers of Instagram pages of Iranian public libraries. From 602 of the research population (the followers of Iran’ s public libraries pages), 235 followers were selected as the research sample using Krejcie and Morgan's table. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Participants' responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS and descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The results showed that the majority of participants in this study believe that receiving information about library events and news and being aware of library resources are the most important motivations for them to follow the Instagram pages of public libraries in Iran. Respondents considered library posts in Instagram relatively good and had a mediocre view of their own engagement with library posts. The relationship between user engagement and motivation, membership duration and age of users variables is significant and direct, and the relationship between user engagement variable and membership variable is significant and inverse. In other words, the relationship between user motivation and their engagement has been significant and direct, so that the more motivated users have more engagement. However, the relationship between membership and engagement has been reversed, meaning that people who were not members of public libraries were more likely to participate in the Instagram pages of public libraries. Also, the relationship between the time variable of membership and engagement is significant and direct. In a word, the longer persons have been in public libraries, the more involved they are in the Instagram pages of public libraries. There is also a positive increase between the two age and user engagment variables, and with increasing age, the engagement has also increased. Finally, the variable correlation coefficient of education level and user egagement showed that the users with higher education level have the higher engagment rate. Also, no significant relationship was observed between the feature of the content provided variable and the population variables. Conclusion: Instagram is an effective tool for marketing libraries and their services. Based on the result of present research, it is recommended that librarians provide more of the following contents for their Instagram posts: brief and useful information about library resources, and announcement of upcoming events. Also, as users are more engaged with videos and photos, using these formats in library posts, would bring more attention of users.

Objective: The present study seeks to evaluate the employment status of Knowledge and Information Science alumni graduated from University of Qom. Methodology: This study is an applied research carried out by a descriptive survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population consists of all graduates of Qom University (402 people). 302 people completed the questionnaires. The list of graduates is provided through the graduates’ section of education department of Qom University. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Findings: Of all the graduates of Knowledge and Information Science graduates in Qom University (402 students), 302 completed the questionnaires 82. 1 percent of the respondents were women and 17. 9 percent were men 51. 7 percent of the respondents were employed at the time of the survey and 48. 3 percent were unemployed. The lowest unemployment rate is related to the graduates of Qom University 2001 and 2002 and the highest unemployment rate is between 2006 and 2007. Unemployment in admitted students of 2001 to 2006 was almost upward, and after the decline in unemployment for several years, the upward trend was repeated again for the years 2009 to 2012. Of the 156 employed respondents, 64. 7 percent (101 people) work in education related jobs but 35. 3 percent (55 people) expressed that there is no relationship between their job and their proficiency. The proportion of people, who work in related jobs in female and male respondents, differs significantly. Most graduates who work in specialized jobs are librarians. Most of the respondents (56. 4%) started their jobs after receiving the bachelor's degree. Almost, half of the respondents who work in education related jobs have waited less than a year to find a job. Conclusion: In recent years, our country is facing the problem or crisis of graduate unemployment. Therefore, it is necessary for planners to look at the job status of graduates from a more realistic perspective and then make appropriate decisions. For this reason, after investigating the employment status of Knowledge and Information Science graduates of Qom University, we claim that improving the employment status of graduates requires the establishment of “ work and employment group” at the university and implementing proposed policies and programs. Moreover, introducing the field correctly to university entry volunteers and related organizations, modifying the admission process and balancing gender based on labor market needs, and increasing its fit with the job market, can improve the employment status of graduates. Also, in order to connect students with the labor market cross-sectionally, it is suggested that the university creates an employment agreement with institutions with education related jobs; for example, it can create an agreement whit public libraries to use Qom University students for part-time jobs, such as cataloging.

Objective: Stories are as factors which indirectly affect the fantasy training in children and adolescents. They instruct their audience by asking a question, and by doing so, intertwine the events, and discover the facts. Since storytelling is an educational and educational method for conveying various concepts and optimizing children's feeling and behavior, the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of storytelling in teaching social intelligence at Kermanshah preschool children. Methodology: This research is a quasi-experimental study which has been investigated using storytelling for children. The community includes all preschool children who attended school in the 99-98 school year. Sample subjects were also available through summer research and closure of schools and preschools. The training program consisted of an 8-session course on the experimental group. Data were collected through two questionnaires, two tools of empathy questionnaire to analyze Auyeung et al. (2009) (parent form) and altruistic scale taken from Goodman et al. 's (1997) ability and problems questionnaire (parent form) before and after the intervention. They were analyzed and then analyzed and processed by SPSS software version 20 and the Mann– Whitney U test. Findings: The results of data processing showed that significant changes were observed in the post-test group. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of this method, it can be one of the most effective and cost-effective educational, nurturing, and even therapeutic methods to enhance the quality of the child's interactions with society and other individuals used the optimal form. Storytelling can thus be considered as an appropriate and effective tool for improving children's morale and behavior that should be used early in childhood through indirect education. Teaching different skills to children by providing a learning model is the most common method of nurturing social skills that has been widely used as an effective factor in the process of educating children in various fields.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the role of social media in the scientific communication of faculty members of Mazandaran University and its impact on their scientific production. Methodology: This research was applied and performed by survey method. The statistical population included 202 faculty members of the five faculties of Arts and Architecture, Theology and Islamic Studies, Law and Political Science, Economic and Administrative Sciences, and Humanities and Social Sciences of Mazandaran University. In this survey, 132 people were selected using Cochran fourmula as the smaple. The relative sampling was used as the sampling method. In order to collect data, the questionnaires of the role of social media in the scientific communication of Golini Moghadam et al. (2018) and scientific productions of Soleimani and Shokooei (2008) were used. The reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient at the desired level (α >0. 70). Data analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results of the correlation coefficient test showed that there is a significant relationship between age variables, service history and the role of social media in scientific communication with scientific products (P <0. 001). Based on the results of the T-test, according to the demographic characteristics of the faculty members, it was shown that there was no significant difference between gender (p = 0. 989) and marital status (p = 103) with scientific production. However, based on the results of the analysis of variance test, there is a significant difference between the scientific level and scientific products of the faculty members (P <0. 001). Professors have more scientific output. The results of the one-sample T test showed that social media played a strong and effective role in the scientific communication of the faculty members of Mazandaran University (in the five mentioned faculties), This strong and effective role led to their increased scientific production. The variance of scientific productions of faculty members was about 31%, influenced by the role of social media in scientific communication. Conclusion: Faculty members had the most and the least use of the Telegram and the LinkedIn social media, respectively. Most of the scientific productions of the faculty members are in the field of articles published in scientific-research journals, which they have compiled in collaboration, and their least scientific productions have been registered in the field of invention. Since the faculty members of Mazandaran University (in the five mentioned faculties) have used the social media of Telegram, WhatsApp, Google Scholar and Wikipedia the most, in general, they have used modern methods more than traditional methods in communication and scientific production. However, they have the ability to share their activities with non-specialists to exchange, distribute, and receive content.