ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS MANAGEMENT
Year:2019 | Volume:5 | Issue:4|Papers Count:6

Hail is one of the most important atmospheric phenomenon, which occurred during Spring and Fall seasons due to atmospheric instability caused by cumulonimbus clouds and severe thunder storms. The most damages in agricultural sector is due to hail, which caused lost in horticultural and agronomy productions each year. In order to investigate synoptic mechanism on hail occurrence conditions, a cluster analysis was performed according to Bojnoord weather station data. To perform classification and subsequent calculations, the sea level pressure (SLP) and the geopotential height of 500 hPa for 26 days were extracted in the Grad's software. Regarding the mechanism and performance of atmospheric systems in creating hail phenomena in the area, four patterns were identified in the formation of the hail, including: 1) low pressure in the Caspian Sea; 2) low pressure in Pakistan and high pressure in Azores; 3) high pressure Caspian Sea and low pressure in Saudi Arabia; and 4) high pressure in north of the Caspian Sea and Low Pressure of Pakistan. The results showed that the months of April and may had the most hail cases during the studied period. Overall, formation of low and high pressure systems in north and south of the region and enforcement of meridional flows cause a moisture advection from the Gulf of Oman and Caspian Sea in geopotential heights of 850 and 700 hPa. In addition, falling cold air from upper latitudes and lifting of warm air cause a gradient temperature on the area and hence occurrence of hail phenomenon. The region experience more hail phenomenon when low pressure in Pakistan and high pressure in Azores were dominant on the area.

This research was carried out in Aladagh rural district of Bojnourd township with 801 KM2 area and more than 35 villages, that have been tried be studied its villages environmental and geomorphological problems. in order to understand the rural hazards, important and relevant characteristics contains population, topography, hydrography, geology, climatology and geomorphology are separately investigated. Then, information is set up in maps and tables. The results show that environmental studies and geomorphology are required in rural planning. Natural and geomorphologic hazards on rural settlements in the region have been investigated in terms of the energy flow in both inland and outland groups. The studied area in terms of risk factors for internal processes including earthquakes is a part of a high-risk area. Exogenous hazardous processes including the occurrence of landslides, fallings, floods and drought effects of the environment...

Despite the potential threats to the environment, the oil industry plays a positive role in society. Knowledge transfer not only plays a significant role in knowledge process, but also helps the oil and gas industry to reduce their environmental impact with improvement in their operational efficiency. Sharing of knowledge, information, and practices across cultural and national boundaries has become a means to address critical global problems. This paper explores oil and gas industry projects and identifies the critical organizational factors that affect knowledge transfer and influence their performance. The paper concludes with a conceptual model that accounts for the relationships among these factors that can guide further research in understanding knowledge and information transfer across national and cultural boundaries...

In recent years, the ideas of urban geomorphologic heritage and urban geotourism have become very important among scientists and specialists. While, the human hazards affecting the natural environment of cities have damaged, destroyed, and threatened urban geomorphological heritage. Therefore, the assessment of the urban geomorphological heritage and suggestion a conservation program is a basic necessity for development stable urban geotourism and is the main goal of this research. This study was conducted as a case in Khorramabad city. This research has been conducted with an innovative and integrated approach by combining fieldwork, quantitative assessment of geomorphological heritage, and investigation of damage and destruction factors and, finally offered a conservation program for the first time. Research data are mainly provided through fieldwork, image resources and subjective maps. The tools used include subjective maps, field tools and ARC GIS 10. 6 software. For data analysis, the Pica et al. (2017) model has been used to geomorphosites assessment and fieldwork done to check human hazards affecting them and presented a conservation program. The results showed that among 33 geomorphosites, Falakolaflak hill with 25, Makhmalkuh with 24 and Shabikhun cluse with 22 score, gained the highest scores for the development of urban geotourism. Among the threatening hazards of geomorphological heritage, the maximum amount respectively was related to the road construction, the construction in the foothills and the release of garbage and wastes in the geomorphosite core zone. Therefore, in the present research, a conservation framework has been developed in five sections: creation organizational support, assessment, hazard identification, conservation measurements and monitoring for conservation of geomorphological heritage and consequently stable development of Khorramabad urban geotourism...

Despite several decades of valuable research by researchers in the field of disaster resilience, there are still many uncertainties about this issue. Perhaps the only thing that exists in this regard between consensus researchers is that the resilience is a complex, multifaceted, and multiple dimensional concept. This issue also has more uncertainties in the resilience of the city districts, especially in social and physical aspects. However, improving the resilience of urban neighborhoods against a disaster such as an earthquake is important and can be exploited using the capacities and potentials available at these levels to reduce the possible consequences of the earthquake and return time to the previous and even better than before accelerated...

Chlorine is a toxic gas and oxidant that is used in Iran to treat drinking water. Failure to investigate the effects of gas leakage or reservoir explosion can cause irreparable damage to employees and residents around the station. So far, no research has been done on this issue in Lar. The present study studies the release of chlorine gas from a one-ton reservoir at Lar chlorine station. In this paper, using Aloha software, we examine the nature, extent, rate of propagation, and various risk areas and vulnerable populations. Investigations show that the gas release in the event of damage to a one-inch valve can result in a deadly radius of 1. 5 kilometers, effective 5 kilometers’ radius and Can be felt up to 10 kilometers. It was also found that in the warm season in the first minute about 400 kg, and in the cold season 330 kg of gas can be removed from a hole in the diameter of one inch. Due to the possibility of occurrence of the incident and the location of the station in the direction of the prevailing wind, there is the possibility of harming a large number of citizens located at a radius of 5 kilometers from the station. Therefore, taking effective steps, such as: informing the residents, increasing awareness of the staff and the relief forces, installing proper scrubbers and increasing the level of safety of the station are necessary...