Pathobiology Research
Year:2019 | Volume:22 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Aims Nowadays, people are exposed at large quantities of magnetic field due to industrialization of the environment; therefore, studying the effect of these fields on human health is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field on the quantity and structure of hemoglobin of employees in electricity industry. Materials & Methods The present experimental study was carried out in the employees of a power generation plant in Tehran in 2017. Using total population sampling method, 29 employees of exploitation department were selected as exposed group and 29 employees of administrative and support department were selected as unexposed group. The magnetic field intensity of the power generation plant was studied by NIOSH 203 method. Blood samples were collected from two groups of people; hemoglobin concentration in blood samples were evaluated by spectrophotometer and changes in hemoglobin structure were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16, using the Mann-Whitney U test. Findings The mean of hemoglobin concentration in the exposed group (15. 67± 1. 42) was significantly different from that of the unexposed group (17. 31± 3. 03), so that the hemoglobin level of the exploitation department staff was lower than that of the administrative and support staff (p<0. 0001). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed significant changes in the 1413 and 11430cm-1 between the exposed and unexposed groups. Conclusion Contact with extremely low frequency of magnetic field causes changes in hemoglobin quantity and its molecular structure in employees in electricity industry.

Aims New vaccines based on recombinant and DNA proteins are safer than traditional vaccines, but unfortunately, they have lower immunogenicity. Therefore, there is a need for the development of safe and strong adjuvants that can increase the immune response of the vaccine. Glycolic acid lactic polyester (PLGA), a copolymer ester, consists of acidic and polyglycolic lactic acid. Its hydrolysis leads to the production of lactic acid and glycolic acid monomers. The aim of this study was to compare humoral and cell mediated immune response to tetanustoxin coated PLGA in mice. Materials & Methods In this experimental study, PLGA nanoparticles were produced by water/oil (W/O) method. Tetanus toxin were covalently attached to nanoparticles by EDC. After coated nanoparticles characterization, they were injected into different groups of mice. The Freunds complete adjuvant and Alum were used as control. After a single injection, the immunostimulation of humoral immuneresponse was investigated by ELISA and cellular immunresponse eas analyzed by spleen cell proliferation assay. One-way analysis of variance was used. Findings PLGA nanoparticles had a strong adjuvant effect, and when used with antigens, could produce cellular and humoral immune response far more powerful than alum adjuvant and equall than Freund’ s adjuvant. Conclusion Glycolic acid lactic polyester, in the form of conjugation with an antigen, can be used to increase the immune response, especially in the cellular immune arm, relative to the antigenic solution. Although PLGA adjuvant seems not so successful to the humoral immune stimulus against alum adjuvant, but in comparison to the full adjuvant of Freunds, it can be a significant competitor with single injection.

Aims The correlation between high levels of blood lipid with the induction of some diseases indicates significant effects of hyperlipidemia and especially hypercholesterolemia on the immune system, inflammatory response, and secretion of cytokines. This is due to changes in the composition of cholesterol in the cell membrane and macrophage cytoplasm, which disrupts the signaling pathway necessary for the innate immune response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hypercholesterolemia on phenotype properties of T cells and the expression of its associated activation markers. Materials & Methods In the present experimental study 3ml of peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 hypercholesterolemia patients and 30 healthy subjects. The distribution of activation markers was evaluated by Immunophenotyping with anti-CD4, CD8, CD25, and CD69 antibodies. T independent test was used and output data were analyzed using Flow Jo 10 and SPSS 16 software. Findings Evaluation of the activation markers located on T cells of patients with hypercholesterolemia showed a significant decline by 0. 8% and 2% in the expression of CD25 marker and 1. 92% and 2. 12% in the expression of CD69 marker on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively (p<0. 05). Conclusion The changes in the phenotype properties of T cells and the decreased expression of activation markers in high-level cholesterol conditions might weaken the immune system in hyperlipidemia patients.

Aims Glioblastoma multiforme is a type of brain cancers that do not respond well to treatment. The poor prognosis of this disease is due to the presence of radiation resistance and chemotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to produce miR-579 precursor carriers and investigate the effect of increased expression of miR-579 on the expression of BAX and CDKN1A genes in the glioblastoma cell line. Materials & Methods In this experimental study, in order to produce recombinant lentiviral vectors, a gene containing the miR-579 precursor sequence was cloned into pCDH the plasmid. The recombinant structure was transmitted to the cells of HEK293T with psPAX and pMD2 plasmids. Viral particles were concentrated using Ultra Centrifuge. Viral titration was calculated by flow cytometry. The viral particles produced were transferred to the A-172 cell line. Finally, by using Real-Time PCR, changes in expression levels of miR-579 and BAX and CDKN1A genes were investigated. Findings The presence of miR-579 gene precursor in the plasmid was confirmed by colony PCR and sequencing methods. The study showed that the level of miR-579 expression in infected cells with the recombinant virus was found to be up-regulated seven-fold compared to the control group. miR-579 increased the BAX gene expression by three times. But, there was no significant change in the expression of CDKN1A gene expression. Conclusion Increased expression of miR-579 in the A-172 cell line could increase the expression of BAX gene. However, the CDKN1A gene expression does not change significantly.

Aims It is assumed that nitrosamine ketone derived from tobacco (NNK) which is the most important carcinogen in tobacco modulates alveolar macrophage mediator production, such as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of a Nigella sativa on tissue pathology and IL-10 levels in lung tissues exposed to NNK Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 46 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups consist of supplement, supplement+NNK, NNK, solvent and control. NNK-induced groups received NNK subcutaneously one day per week at a rate of 12. 5 mg per kg body weight. Supplemented groups also consumed Nigella sativa Nanocapsules for 12 weeks. Levels of IL-10 in homogenized lung tissue were measured by ELISA. To analyze the data; ANOVA and Tukey test were used at a significance level of p≤ 0. 05. Findings Exposure to NNK increased levels of IL-10 compared with the solvent group, although not statistically significant (p≥ 0. 05). Meanwhile, a period of consumption of Nigella sativa Nanocapsules significantly increased levels of IL-10 in NNK + supplement and the supplement groups compared to NNK group (p=0. 038, p=0. 002; respectively). In addition, the effect of Nigella sativa Nanocapsules on IL-10 levels of lung tissue was shown that the levels of this variable were significantly higher than the solvent group (p=0. 001). Conclusion Generally it could be confirmed that consumption of Nigella sativa Nanocapsules plays an important role in the inhibition of inflammation induced by NNK via Increase of IL-10 activity.

Introduction Due to increase of infertile couples, potential differentiation and proliferation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone marrow mesenchyml stem cells (BMMSCs) was compared to find proper stem cells for differentiation into germ-like cells. Materials & Methods In this experimental study, isolated umbilical cord and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were treated by Retinoic acid (10-6M) and Sertoli cells condition medium. Viability percentage and the rate of proliferation (population doubling time) of cells was calculated in both groups. The number of colonies was evaluated in different days of culture, and finally the expression of premeiotic and meiotic genes investigated by RT-PCR. Findings The viability percentage was higher in BM-MSCs group and the rate of proliferation of cells increased by elevating the passage number. The number of colonies in the bone marrow stem cells was significantly higher than that of the umbilical cord MSCs (p<0. 05). In contrast, the expression of PLZF, OCT4 and SCP3 genes were detected in umbilical cord MSCs after 10 days of culture. However, in BM-MSC, the expression of PLZF and SCP3 genes was observed only after 15 days of culture. Conclusion It seems that the human umbilical MSCs have higher differentiation potential for producing germ-like cells when compared to the Bone marrow stem cells. In contrast, the proliferation potential of BM-MSCs is greater than umbilical cord MSCs. This difference is probably due to secreted growth factors from these cells.

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the specialized cells that are created from epiblast cells and after the migration differentiate into spermatogonial cells. Also, Spermatogonial cells differentiate into spermatids during the spermatogenesis process. Created disorders in each of these stages cause infertility, so the recognizing of the mechanism of these cells from the early stages of formation to the differentiation and investigating the effective factors in differentiation can be useful in the treatment of the infertile people. Today, the cultivation of spermatogonial cells and transplantation of these cells can be effective in the investigation of spermatogonial stem cell and the treatment of infertility. In this paper, the formation and migration of primordial germ cells, the spermatogenesis process and the effective factors in differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells are investigated. . .