JOURNAL OF SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH
Year:2020 | Volume:18 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background and Aim: For achievement of equity in the population health the implementation of health in all policies is essential. The most crucial intervention in this approach is inter-sectoral collaboration. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study based on the national policy framework. Data were collected using literature review, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with the stakeholders. The results were categorized into three sections, namely, situational analysis and factors affecting it, developing goals and objectives, and requirements and interventions. Results: Currently inter-sectoral collaboration in the Iranian health system potentially allows to have health in all policies policy in terms of explicit legislative support, national macropolicies/ upstream documents and organizational structure. It will require proper planning as regards designing and institutionalizing appropriate mechanisms for collaboration, as well as cultural and skills capacity building, for stakeholders within and outside the health sector. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used in annual operational planning of the High Council of Health and Food Security secretariat.

Background and Aim: Nowadays foodborne diseases are a serious concern globally. Due to unsound use of antibiotics various pathogens are involved in foodborne diseases, S. aureus being the most common cause of food poisoning. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are a serious threat for the public’ s health worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of contamination of foods offered in the South of Tehran, Iran with MRSA strains in 2018-19. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 560 food samples were collected from different regions in the south of Tehran, Shahr-e-Rey and Islamshahr between June 2018 and May 2019 and sent to a laboratory to determine the presence of S. aureus according to the Iranian National Standard No. 1194 methods. In addition, the antibiotic sensitivity of the S. aureus species was determined using the Disk Diffusion Test. Results: Of the 560 samples, 49 (8. 7%) were found to be contaminated with S. aureus. Pastry, traditional ice cream and raw protein foods were the most contaminated foodstuffs. Four 4 (8. 2%) of the 49 S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to methicillin. Conclusion: Considering the importance of S. aureus in causing food poisoning and the possibility of transfer of species resistant to antibiotics, especially methicillin, through foods, it is vital to pay special attention to sound use of antibiotics.

Background and Aim: Economic evaluation of health interventions by comparing the relevant costs and benefits will result in optimum allocation of resources and increasing the effectiveness of the health system and, through improving equity and increasing accessibility to health services, will lead to increased effectiveness of the health system. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) studies on health interventions worldwide. Materials and Methods: A critical review of the published CEA studies on health interventions was conducted. Seven databases including PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of science, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, and SID were searched between 1975 and 2018, using appropriate keywords. The retrieved articles were evaluated using the Drummond (2005) quality assessment checklist. Overall, 173 articles met the entry criteria and were included in this study. Results: CEA of health-related interventions were classified into six categories, namely, studies on immunization, education, nutrition, sexually transmitted diseases prevention, gynecological diseases prevention and vector-borne diseases and, eventually, cost-effective interventions were identified. Further analysis of the data showed that the methods used in health intervention CEA studies are very heterogeneous and lack sufficient scientific quality especially in developing countries. Researchers working in this area should pay more attention when designing studies and follow valid guidelines for CEA, particularly as regards research methods, sample size, CEA model, cost and benefit calculations, determining effectiveness, timeframe and, finally, analysis of the sensitivity and validity the research data. Conclusion: The number of cost effectiveness analysis and cost utility studies has increased greatly during the last two decades. In order to improve the quality of these studies it is essential to revise the guidelines and procedures for economic evaluation of health interventions and train and update researchers in this area.

Background and Aim: The family relationships of parents suffering from cancer change following the onset of physical problems, the experience of depression and the lack of emotional access. This study aimed to compare the negative orientation of adolescent girls with mothers with and without breast cancer toward the problem, hopelessness and perceived stress. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population was all the adolescent girls 13-18 years old referring to the oncology ward of Golestan Teaching Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran during a 6-month period accompanying their mothers suffering from breast cancer. The girls for the group with mothers with cancer (n=57, mean age 16. 31± 4. 65 years) and the group with mothers without cancer (n=57, mean age 16. 02 ± 3. 27 years) were selected using convenient and multistage sampling, respectively. Both groups completed the Robichuad and Dogus negative orientation to problem questionnaire, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Chohen Pecieved Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using the one-way and multivariate analysis of variance (with a p<0. 05 to show statistical significance) with the software SPSS-22. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups as regards the variables of negative orientation toward the problem and hopelessness (F= 4. 21; p<0. 05), while no significant difference was found between them as regards perceived stress (F= 0. 015 P= 0. 90). Conclusion: The children of cancer patients have psychological problems and, therefore, need guidance and support. Improvements in the psychological conditions of children will improve their relationship with their mothers, who will then feel more relieved.

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: A common problem among married women is related to sexual function. A large percentage of complaints by women referring to consultation centers are about sexual problems. Determination of factors influencing sexual function can help us to find suitable strategies to solve the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acceptance and practice variables and rumination on women's sexual function mediated by stress tolerance. Methods and Materials: The statistical population included all women referring to clinics in Isfahan, Iran in 2018. A sample of 120 were selected using the availability sampling method and completed the Arizona Sexual Experience (ASex), Simons and Gahr (2005) Distress Tolerance, Bond et al. (2011), Acceptance and Action, and Watson and Harris (2008) Rumination Victim questionnaires. The data were analyzed based on the structural equation method, the software being the smart PLS software. Results: The stress tolerance variable could play a role as a mediating variable among sexual performance, commitment, acceptance and ruminant variables (P<0. 05). Further analysis of the data showed that commitment, acceptance and rumination were associated with sexual function and distress tolerance (p <0. 01) and that distress tolerance could affect women's sexual functioning (p <0. 01). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be said that women’ s sexual function is influenced by a variety of factors, including acceptance and action, rumination and distress tolerance.

Background and Aim: Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), as a criterion for assessing plants' resistance to air pollution, is one of the important tools for managing air quality around industrial complex buildings. The aim of this study was to determine air quality and the APTI of native plants grown around the Industrial Complex of Glass, Khak-e-chini, Tile and Ceramics and Glass in Ardakan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study. First, the concentration of air pollutants in the industrial area was assessed. Then, APTI was determined as follows: measuring the pH of leaf extracts, relative water content, total chlorophyll and ascorbic acid contents of leaves in samples of native plant leaves. In addition, the concentrations of lead, chromium and cadmium were measured in plants by atomic absorption using the dry digestion method. For statistical analysis of the data the SPSS software version 22 was used. Results: The mean plant concentrations of Co, O3, NO2, SO2 and PM10 in the industrial are were 2. 06 ppm, 7. 75 ppm, 3. 28 ppm, 33. 94 ppb and 70. 55 μ g/m3, respectively; these concentrations were all below the respective standards, as were those of lead, cadmium and chromium. The tolerance index of plants around the Industrial Complex was measured in the floor/parts sensitive to air pollution, proportional to low air quality pollutant and heavy metal concentrations in plants. Among the rangeland, tree and shrubs species, the following had the highest air pollution tolerance index, respectively: Boiss. fortuynia (8. 49), Punica granatum (16. 80) and Albizia lebbeck (9. 37). Conclusion: Based on the Air Pollution Tolerance Index it is suggested that the nonproductive species Punica granatum be used as a more tolerant species and Artemisia species as a biomarker for the expansion of green space.

Background and Aim: Man, as the Creator of God and the Creator of Creatures, has a right, one of which is the right to a healthy life, and this type of life can only be achieved through useful training. In this regard, comprehensive health education in schools is one of the most important pillars for the health of the next generation of the country. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the content of health components and promote the health of primary school books based on the assumptions of the health system with emphasis on education to increase the quality of primary school health. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, content analysis method was used. The statistical population of this study was all second grade elementary school books of 2016-2017 (5 volumes). Statistical sample is equal to statistical population. The research tool was Shanon Entropy, which presents data processing in the context of content analysis in a new and quantitative way. Results: The results of Shannon's entropy content analysis showed that the review of the 5 primary elementary second-level mental health books had the highest frequency with 236, and the least amount of disability with 10. The highest coefficient of importance among health components in elementary second grade was related to the components of nutrition health (0/21) and the lowest coefficient of prevention to high risk behaviors was (0/019). Conclusion: Findings show that attention to each component of health education and health promotion is different; therefore, it can be concluded that some components of primary education textbooks pay less attention to some components of health education, while that health education and consequently health promotion is the most important factor in the advancement and guarantee of community survival. Designing, implementing, and managing health development programs is more than any other underlying concept such as health.

Background and Aim: Healthy food and nutrition have always been a serious concern of human beings. In this regard, food safety is extremely important. As an example, nitrates in foods may affect their safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nitrate contents of highly consumed food products (potatoes, tomatoes and onions) on sale in wholesale fruit and vegetable markets (Heravi, Mellat and Lavizan) in District 4 of Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: Samples of the foods were collected in winter and spring, and their nitrate content was measured spectrophotometrically. The SPSS-20 software was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the vegetables nitrate contents in winter and spring. The nitrate content of onions in the spring in the Heravi market and that of potatoes in the winter in the Lavizan market were higher than the respective standard, while that of tomatoes was less than the standard in both seasons. Conclusion: The nitrate content in the samples was in most cases below the respective standard, indicating that the vegetables on sale in the wholesale markets in Tehran were acceptable as regards nitrate content (at least in spring and winter).