Culture-Communication Studies
Year:2020 | Volume:21 | Issue:50|Papers Count:11

The extremism and violence of the extremist groups, under the name of religion and apparently Islam, have caused many tragedies in recent years and many people in different parts of the world, especially in the Middle East, have suffered a lot from extremism. Regardless of whether or not these conflicts in the region and the world are based on religious beliefs. Some try to promote Islamophobia, and simulating Islamic jihad with violence and extremism, and introduce the divine and mercifully religion of Islam as a violent religion. Accordingly, this article uses analytical framework of "constructive" and its main aim is re-reading the concept of Islamic Jihad and its nature and explaining the difference between the ideas of extremism and violence in the form of religion. It seeks to answer this question that; what is the incompatibility of extremism and violence with the original concept of Islamic jihad? The data obtained from the study of the subject of research and the sources and opinions of religious thinkers confirm that; the lack of correct understanding of the theoretical concept of Islamic jihad has led to a misconception, so the actions of extremists and the use of violence against others thought to be legitimate. Of course, "there is no relationship between extremism and Islamic jihad". Therefore violent actions of extremist groups such as al-Qaeda, which has been used to revive the Islamic caliphate and enforce Sharia as neo-jihadism, is religiously rejected and incompatible with it. The type of research is applied-developmental and its method is documentary and library.

Today, due to the arrival of virtual networks, especially Telegram in our country, a new form of social relations is formed. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to Investigate the effect of membership in the social network of Telegram Messenger on the communication identity. To accomplish this, Quantitative survey method was used for this purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 28, 745 young people aged between 18 and 30 years living in Tehran. Using Cochran's formula, 524 people were selected among the youth of Tehran, aged between 18 and 30, based on cluster sampling. A standard questionnaire was distributed among them. After data collection, analysis was done based on SPSS and Lisrel. The findings indicate that 83 percent of Tehrani youth are members of the Telegram, with an average of 2 hours of use per day. Telegram users spend more time in groups, and then for private and two-way communication, but in terms of time, channels have the least use among users. The results show that the use of Telegram groups, the use of private messages in the Telegram, the level of participation of users and the amount of use of Telegrams, groups and channels registered in terms of subject of social communication on the communication identity has been inversely at the confidence level was 0. 95 and 0. 99. But the use of the channel did not affect the identity of the Telegram. Keywords

The main aim of the current paper is to identify and analyze the "structural" and "professional" obstacles of media monitoring over the government and governmental organizations of Iran. This research is a kind of applied-exploratory study. The study has applied qualitative method (in-depth interview with journalists and public relations professionals), for data gathering and purposive sampling method for selecting samples. Research results show that the most important cultural obstacles are "secrecy" and "fear" of transparency in Iranian culture, acclaim of praise, the fear of criticism among Iranians. Political obstacles are secrecy in the media due to the heavy shadow of politics, the government officials’ attitude toward the media as a tool serving their purposes, the government intervention in all of media affairs, media mostly belonging to the government, political treatment of the media, the partisan functionality of the media, and the politician’ s engagement in the media management. Also the most important legal obstacles are the need to obtain a license for media activities, the breadth of exceptions and red lines of informing, and the most important economic obstacles are the government's presence in the media economy, lack of financial independence in the media, bribery of reporters, inequality competitive conditions between the governmental and non-governmental media. Also the most important obstacles within government organizations include the ownership approach of government to information, aidem nmb ab government meetings, considering media criticism as aggressive and misdeed catcher by the government managers. Finally, the most important internal media obstacles include media self-censorship, the presence of young and inexperienced people in the media, lack of recognition of investigative journalism, dominance of event-oriented approach instead of process-oriented approach

The present article analyzes the sociological discourse of Azari folklore in Iran from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. The current research has analyzed and interpreted the stories and proverbs of the Azari language based on Norman fairclughs critical discourse analysis approach. The main question in this study is what discourses and proverbs of the Azari folk have been used in the discourse and what have been the conditions for the formation of those discourses? To analyze and explain the theories of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis, Norman Fairclough's Critical Theory, Clifford Geertz's Theory of Cultural Interpretation has been used as a theoretical and conceptual framework, and Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis approach has been used as the research method. The research type was qualitative and the analyzed data included three stories and thirty Azari folklore proverbs that among them two examples of folk tales and ten proverbs were analyzed in this article. The qualitative data of this qualitative research were selected in a purposive manner from three written sources of Azari folklore. The findings of the study indicate that there is a conflicting discourse between politics and the people, and the language of Azari folklore is a means of expressing criticism, protest and criticism of politics and the social situation.

Jokes are considered as examples of subculture in a society, and they represent different social meanings and concepts. Among them, gender jokes represent social attitude of the society toward gender category. As Iranian people in one hand, have the advantage of utilizing modern telecommunication tools such as smart phones and therefore they use messaging apps such as Telegram and on the other hand, exchange jokes widely in this messaging apps., these jokes should be studied and considered more than before. This study is a qualitative one and it uses a netnography as its methodology. By applying a social constructive theory, this study compares different gender jokes posted in messaging app namely Telegram. The results of studying jokes in three Telegram channels after filtering that were evaluated in June 2018 showed that 50% of jokes were gender jokes and considering their form, they were mostly verbal jokes; jokes related to women were almost twice as many as jokes related to men in all three channels. Topics of gender constructions for men were related to sexuality and for women they were related to gender stereotypes including "making fool of women", "excessive use of make-up", "eagerness to get married", "inability to drive", "being forced to do household chores", and "irritability". These concepts are somehow redefining women's social role in current social conditions.

The present study has investigated the relationship between new communication technology and the mediating role of national, religious identity on security-dependent variables. The statistical population of this study is the students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The sample size was estimated to be 380 people using the classification sampling method according to the classification nature of the statistical population. Data were collected by using a questionnaire. Reliability and Validity were obtained with the help of Alpha Cronbach test and formal validity, and also AMOS software was used to validate the research model. Analysis of the data shows that national and religious identities can play a mediating role between the media and security. What is noteworthy is that modern communication technology has a positive effect on security, but when religious and national identities are mediated, the impact of the media on security becomes negative. This relationship shows the negative impact of satellite media on national-religious identity, which in turn has a negative impact on security.

This research has analyzed cosmetic surgeries by young men qualitatively which has caused "The idea of body creation" in them, based on the grounded theory. Also studies the reasons, factors, backgrounds, strategies and primarily uses semi-structured interview to find out the consequences of the strategies. Tehrani young men who had tried cosmetic surgery were interviewed through systematic sampling with maximum variation. Conceptual saturation were obtained from the eight interview, , but for more reassurance, the interview continued up to tenth person The data categorized using paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin and then Its paradigm model was drawn. The results showed that patternability, sensitivity to beauty and fitness, organ abasement and being tired of everyday life are some reasons which causes men to perform cosmetic surgery. The pressure of around people, men's stereotypical beauty and medical encouragers are the factors of this decision. It has strategies such as reversal of aging, researching before surgery, riskability and liberation in tastes. some results of these strategies are showing off body, being as a guinea pig, inverse imitation and complications of surgery.

The spread of technology and the development of artificial intelligence in modern life, especially in human communication, has become an opportunity to make fundamental changes in this field, both in human-machine and human relationships. These changes, as much as they can make human relationships successful, may also be responsible for their decline. Therefore, the present study has examined this issue in the context of cinema and, in particular, Spike Jonze's film "Her" by focusing on the areas that have represented the opportunities and challenges in recent years tobecome aware ofthe role of artificial intelligence in shaping human relationships and human-machine relationships. The chosen method for the analysis of this film is the myth-analysis method, which analyzes the artworks concerning their social background. The findings of this study indicate that the case study of this research and other contemporary movies with similar themes are affected by the intelligence related mythical narratives. This affection also is influenced by the author's personal life and the dominant idea of the artwork's creation's place-time. The research case study, in the subject matter, is a perfect mirror that represents its own time, and that is why it has been welcomed by the spectators and experts both, because all the people who live in the same time-place, somehow are influenced by intelligence associated mythical narratives.

This research aimed to study the taste of music consumption among the M. A. students of the Ilam University based on the qualitative paradigm and using thematic analysis. The semi-structured interview tool was used for data collection and the Brown and Clark model was used for analysis. The target population includes all M. A. students of the Faculty of Human Sciences at Ilam University in the last 9 months of 2018 that were 25 people. In this study, a sampling was targeted that finally saturation obtained with 11 samples. In the process of theme analysis, 17 sub themes and 4 main themes were identified and defined. The findings showed that the results of this study presented its own special pattern and show the cultural context and musical context and in particular shows the auditory background of the people as the shaper of their consumption tastes. As students consum music that they have already been heard in the family, family parties, friendly parties and hangouts. Therefore, auditory background can be a product of the cultural context of family, friends and relatives. Overall, the taste of music consumption of the studied students is influenced by the cultural context-in particular the quality of study, knowledge and awareness, as well as the musical context and, especially, their auditory background. The poor and infirm cultural context of the people has created a poor musical background, which in turn has led to the fluidity of the musical tastes. According to Bourdieu, it can be claimed that musical tastes, in turn, reproduce the cultural and musical context.

The purpose of this research is to identify affecting factors on the book publishing industry in Iran and offering a qualitative model. Research method of this study is qualitative in terms of approach and foundation data theory in terms of way of Execution. statistical population of the research included experts and publishing managers of the country who were selected by using targeted sampling. A total of 16 people were selected as participants in the study. . Data were collected through interview by the method of guidance of generalities and without structure. In order to acquire data validity, two methods of reviewing participants and reviewing experts were used. As a result, after interviewing and reviewing extracted components by experts, the pivotal category which was identified in this research was weakness in the management of publishing companies which considering causal conditions, context and mediator, strategies developed and final model presented. In conclusion, the most affecting factors on the book publishing industry included: management of publishing companies, strategy of publishing industry and information and communication technology while, economic conditions, unauthorized reproduction, social conditions and per capita reading have lower rankings. Additionally, main phenomena studied in this research is the weakness of management in publishing companies. Consequently, in order to improve the situation and as a strategic component, the use of information technologies has been suggested for the field of publishing.