Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Year:2003 | Volume:7 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background & Objective: Different fat types have different health effects and Increasing evidences indicate the greater importance of types of fat than total amounts of consumed fat with respect to risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). While intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats are negatively related to CAD, high consumption of either saturated or trans fatty acids has detrimental effects on plasma lipoproteines and positive relationship between their intake and risk of (CAD) has frequently been reported. This study was aimed to assess the fatty acids profile and trans fats in hydrogenated oils currently available in Iran. Material & Methods: Different commercial brands of hydrogenated oils were collected. The total lipid of each sample was extracted, derivitized with 2-nitrophenylhydrazide and subjected to fatty acids analysis by hplc.Results: The results showed that all samples contain high amounts of trans fatty acids. On average, percentage of trans fatty acids and total trans and saturated fats were 34.6% and 59.1 % respectively. In some oils the total trans and saturated fatty acids was more than 70%.Discussion: This study proposed that there are high levels of cholesterol rising fatty acids in available hydrogenated oils in Iran. Because hydrogenated fats can be eliminated from the food supply by changes in processing that do not require efforts in education and behavioral modification, these changes would be an extremely efficient and rapid method for substantially reducing rates of coronary disease.

Background & Objectives: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic disease caused by genus of Brucella. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), outer membrane proteins and several ribosomal or cytosolic proteins of Brucella have been considered for diagnostic and subunit vaccine purposes. The objective of this experiment was to identify and compare immunogens of Brucella abortus (S19) in infected human and goat and immunized rabbit.Materials and Methods: Brucella abortus (S19) was obtained from Pasture Institute of Iran. The bacterial proteins were extracted by lysozyme, urea and CHAPS, then analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The resolved proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membrane by tank blotting and their reactions with the sera preformed by immunoblotting. Results: The proteins of the (S19) strain were often acidic pI 4.5-5.7) in range of 10-100 kDa. The most aboundant proteins which were immunogenic in goat and rabbit but not in human was a group of 5-6 spots observed in acidic side (pI 4.5-5.7) and molecular mass of 32-34 kDa. In human a group of 4-5 proteins with mass of 44 kDa and pI ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 and several low molecular weight proteins were immunogenic. Furthermore several proteins of Rubella had common reactions with human, goat and rabbit sera.Discussion: Lipopolysaccharids of Brucella abortus (S 19) had remarkable reactivity against all of the sera; but are not good candidates for diagnosis of brucellosis, because of structural similarities with some gram negative bacteria and remaining of anti-LPS antibodies in high levels in sera of many cases after recovery of brucellosis. In contrast, some antigenic proteins can be candidate for accurate diagnosis, and recognition of active from inactive brucellosis in human and cattle. The results of this study suggested that a group of 4-5 proteins of 44 kDa and pI 4.5-5.5 and several low molecular weight protein in human and a group of 5-6 proteins with 32-34 KDa and pI 4.5-5.7 in goat and rabbit as potential diagnostic candidates.

Introduction and Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important diseases among children and young infants. Imaging evaluations in pediatric UTI is done to determine predisposing factors and high-risk children. We evaluated two pediatric groups (younger and older than 5 years) with first UTI and normal ultrasonography of urinary tract, to determine the rate of VUR.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 104 of 320 children were studied using Cystourethrography. The results were compared in patients younger or older than 5 years.Results: 21 (21.2%) and 83 (79.8%) patients were older or younger than 5 years. VUR was seen in 4 (19%) and 18 (21.7%) of the older and younger groups, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups.Discussion: Probably VCUG has significant importance in radiologic evaluation of the first UTI of the children older than 5years old, and in presence of normal ultrasonography We recommend additional studies.

Background & Objectives: Free radicals especially reactive oxygen metabolites can damage DNA, proteins, enzymes, and membrane lipids. Lipid peroxidation in LDL and hepatocyte membrane may be involved in atherosclerosis and hepatic disease, respectively. nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin may be involved in complications of diabetes. Antioxidants including vitamin E may inhibit such reactions. Due to oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, free radicals may cause destructive effects. We studied the antioxidant effects of pimpinella animus and cinnamomum zeylanicum on cell membrane of hepatocytes, LDL, and nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin.Materials and Methods: Extracts of the abovementioned plants were obtained. Rat hepatocyte membrane was selected as a sensitive system to peroxidation. In the vicinity of 1.5mmol of tert-bytyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant agent, and in presence and absence of plant extract, the amount of Malone dialdehyd (MDA), as a marker of lipid peroxidation was measured. The amount of alanin aminotransferase as a marker of peroxidation induced cell membrane damage was measured. LDL oxidation and nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin were measured in presence and absence of plant extract. T test was used and significance determined at p<0.0.Results: production of MDA, GOT, and glycosylated hemoglobin was decreased by 10%, 6% and 16%, respectively by a dose of 2.5 microgram/ml of Cinnamon. production of MDA , GOT, and glycosylated hemoglobin was decreased by 0.34%, 21%, and 10%, respectively by a dose of 2.5 microgram/ml of animus.Discussion: Cinnamon had inhibitory effects on all three oxidative systems, and may be useful in preventing atherosclerosis, diabetes and hepatic dysfunction. Animus had no significant effects on these systems.

Background & Objectives: Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) can reduce atelectasis after general anesthesia by lung expansion and increase in alveolar pressure. Considering high incidence of atelectasis after open heart surgery and presence of reports on usefulness of PEEP in decreasing its incidence, this study was done to evaluate the effects of PEEP on incidence of atelectasis after CABG.Materials and Methods: Sixty patients (48 males) were divided into two groups of experiment and control (30 patients in each group). Two groups were similar with regard to age, sex, duration of cigarette smoking, aortic clamping time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, anesthesia time, ejection fraction, intubation time. The experiment group received 5-10 cm/H2O PEEP after operation. The control group did not receive BEEP. The diagnosis of atelectasis was made using a combination of radiographic findings, WBC counts, temperature, Pao2, Paco2 and O2 saturation. Data were analyzed using t-test and chi 2.Results: Incidence of atelectasis in experimental group was 26.7% (8 patients) and in control group 56.7% (17 patients). The difference was significant (P<0.02). Mean Pao2 and Paco2 in the first and second days after surgery in experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group. There was no significant difference in mean temperature or o2 saturation.Discussion: Use of PEEP after CABG can decrease the incidence of atelectasis in intensive care unit.

Background & Objectives: hepatitis B is a major health problem in Iran. Although seroconversion in vaccinated persons is estimated to be more than 90%, immune response to hepatitis B vaccine has been reported to be varied in different studies. This study was done to assess the vaccine effects in health care workers (HCWs).Materials and Methods: I this descriptive, cross sectional study, HBSAb titer in 138 HBCAb negative, vaccinated HCWs in 10 health care centers was assessed using ELISA method. Of 138 HCWs, 60.1% were females and 39.9 males.Results: 69.9% developed protective immune response. Age was a significant factor in responsiveness. Sex, weight, and last vaccination time had no significant role.Discussion: In our study, rate of immune response to hepatitis B was low. Thus, revaccination may be necessary for nonresponders. We suggest that cost-effectiveness of the Heberbiovac HB vaccine should be re-evaluated in high risk groups.

Background & Objective: Five percent of maternal mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy is due to ectopic pregnancy (EP). The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of EP during the years 1374 to 1378 in Motazedi hospital of Kermanshah.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was based on records of pregnant women in Motazedi hospital of Kermanshah. Definitive diagnosis of EP was made by laparatomy findings. The incidence rate was expressed per 1000 pregnancies including vaginal or cesarean section deliveries, abortion or EP in each year and total EPs in of years. Risk factors, signs and symptoms were also determined.Results: Total incidence of EP was 2.45 per 1000 pregnancies. Annual incidence rates increased during the years 1374 to 1378. The most frequent signs of EP were abdominal pain (99.2%), abnormal uterine bleeding (70.2%), and gastrointestinal problems (38.3%). The most frequent symptoms were abdominal tenderness (92.2%), painful cervix (70.2%) and painful adenexa (46.8%). There was no risk factor in 24% of patients but 22.7% of patients had more than one risk factor. Infertility was the most frequent risk factor. The tube was the most frequent site of EP.Discussion: Pattern of distribution of sexually transmitted diseases and low rate of use of assisted reproductive techniques may be the causes of low incidence of EP in Kermanshah. Our study showed the increase in incidence rates of EP, which needs to be evaluated in future studies.

Background & Objectives: Hyperuricemia occurs frequently in patients with myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders and in patients with congenital heart disease associated with polycythemia. Since it has been confirmed that serum uric acid levels have a relationship with severity and prognosis of disease, this study was done to evaluate the correlation between serum uric acid level and severity of pulmonary hypertension (PHT).Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done on 97 hospitalized children (mean age 48.9 months, range 3mo-15yrs) with congenital heart disease that underwent cardiac catheterization at the Aliasghar hospital between March 2001 and June 2002. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 42 cases with pulmonary hypertension, and 55cases with normal pulmonary artery pressure (NPAP).Results: Mean (SD) pulmonary arterial pressure in PHT and NPAP groups were 42.83mmHg (13.08) and 14.89mmHg (3.52), respectively (t=11.18, P<0.001). Mean (SD) serum uric acid levels in PHT and NPAP groups were 4.86mg/dl (2.27) and 4.46mg/dl (l.60), respectively (t=1.01, P=0.31). Mean (SD) ratio of pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic vascular resistance (Rp/Rs) in PHT and NPAP groups were 0.36 (0.18) and 0.11 (0.04), respectively. There was no relationship between serum uric acid levels and pulmonary mean arterial pressure (r=0.03, P<0.81), age (r=0.03, P<0.80), or Hemoglobin (r=0.26, P<0.1). Discussion: Increased serum uric acid levels had a direct correlation with pulmonary vascular resistance (r=0.40, P<0.009). We can use this correlation for prediction of severity and progression of disease to Eisenmenger syndrome.