JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND EDUCATION RESEARCH
Year:2020 | Volume:13 | Issue:2 (50)|Papers Count:6

The purpose of this research was to “ Design an Optimal Pattern of Agricultural Land use in the KahakRegion of the Qom Province” . This research as far as goal is an applied research, with descriptive-survey methods to achieve the facts. Dependent variable in this research was “ pattern of agricultural lands use” and independent variables are consisted: social, economic, environmental (natural) variables and individual characteristics variables. The study population of the research included all landowner farmers of the Kahak in Qom Province. According to the statistics, the study populations are 2010 individuals. The sample numbers are determined by Cochran formula which is 322 samples in this research. The required information was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using AMOS software and SPSS20. The design of the model based on structural equations indicated that, economic and environmental factors have positive effect on the optimal pattern of objected agricultural land use with errors around one percent. But latent variable social factors had no effect on the land use pattern. Land use pattern, the correlation coefficient between economic factors variables and environmental factors variables was 0. 79 and 0. 44 respectively. Also based on the results, 76% of variance differences of land optimal model were defined by social, economic and environmental factors.

This survey aimed to study comprehensive model of organizing agricultural extensions with the approach of chaos theory. This is the first attempt on improving agricultural extension in Iran using the chaos theory. The target population was the agricultural specialists of Jihad organizations in Fars province of Iran. 186 agricultural specialists were selected using a whole number method. A questionnaire was developed using fixed-choice questions. The validity of the instrument was established using an expert panel. A pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the questionnaire used for the study. The Cronbach’ s alpha, Average variance extracted and Composite Reliability were calculated, and all were approved. The statistical analysis applied the structural equation modeling, with SPSS ver. 16 and smart PLS software. From the results, the chaos theory together with its indicators explained 37% variance for extension agents, 22% variance for extension and educational activities, 31% variance for management and organizational extension, 21% variance for extension and educational infrastructure, 18% variance for mass media education, 11% variance for extension credit, and 22% variance for extension communications. Obviously, the most explained variances were those for the extension agents and management and organizational extension.

This study aims to investigate the reasons of not achieving the goals of first to fifth programs of social, economic and cultural development of the Islamic republic of Iran in Sector of Agriculture. The statistical population of this study consists of professionals who have sufficient information and deep understanding of the case study through Nonprobability Sampling and snowball sampling method, 100 people were identified and studied. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Validity and reliability were confirmed through a panel of specialists and Cronbach's alpha calculation (0. 70 to 0. 85). Factor analysis method was used to analyze the results. Based on the results, the most important reasons for not achieving the goals of development programs in the agricultural sector respectively are Economic-political barriers, Executive-structural barriers, scientific barriers and Socio-cultural barriers.

The current study aimed to determine and analyze Solutions of low-pressure irrigation system in the East Azarbaijan Province. Data collection was performed using semi structured interview method. We conduct an interview with experts of irrigation, soil and agricultural extension sectors as well as famers who had a purposeful use of technics. In order to achieving appropriate research validity, we applied triangulation-data sources and monitored them by the experts. Statistical analysis was performed using MAXQDA software version 10 based on basic theory including open, oriented and optional coding stage. The result indicates that based on there were 6 main categories, 25 sub-categories as well as 171 conceptual units. Effective measures should be taken into consideration in order to develop the low-pressure irrigation system. The results showed that measurements including creating educational-promotional mechanisms, reducing administrative complexity, improving farmers' participation, long-lasting monitoring, follow-up and consulting during and after implementation, financial supports and creating infrastructure activities.

The present study was conducted to analyze wheat farmers’ behavior regarding water use and conservation in the Orzuiyeh County based on the theory of Social Cognition. The statistical population of the research was 1350 wheat farmers in the central district of the Orzuiyeh County that 135 of them were selected by using Bartlett et al. table of sample size. They were randomly selected. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on social cognition theory whose face validity was confirmed by a panel of academic and performance experts. The reliability was also determined by conducting a study and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0. 58-0. 86). The results of correlation analysis of the study variables showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all the constructs of the theory (social structure factors, expectation of outcome, understanding of others behavior, self-efficacy and behavioral intention) and farmers' water management behavior. The results of multiple regression showed that the constructs of the theory predict a total of 36% of the variations of the management behavior of wheat farmers. In addition, the variables of understanding the behavior of others, self-efficacy and behavioral intention had significant influence on wheat farmers’ behavior of water use in the county. At the end, implications of the study for changing farmers’ behavior of water use are discussed.

Because of consumers Increasing tendency to the subjects of health and environmental issues in recent years, using organic products has been increased And this has led to research on the consumption of organic products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological and demographic characteristics on consumers' attitudes towards the consumption of organic products. The present study used a survey method to collect data and a correlation method to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study consists of consumers of organic products (garden products, livestock, dairy, fruits, and vegetables organic) in Urmia. Based on Cochran's formula, 141 people were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling method. The questionnaire-based on the Likert spectrum was used in order to collect information. The validity of convergent and divergent validity was used by Lisrel software, In order to fit the reliability, Cronbach alpha was used and its coefficient for all research structures is more than 0. 7. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the research data. The findings of this research show that the psychological characteristics (materialism, Hedonic, and Uniqueness) have a positive and significant effect on the attitudes of consumers towards the consumption of organic products, and also this positive attitude towards the intention to purchase organic products has a positive and Meaningful. Finally, there was a significant difference between the attitudes of male and female consumers towards the consumption of organic agricultural products, but there was no difference between the attitudes of different age groups.