Nursing And Midwifery Journal
Year:2018 | Volume:16 | Issue:9 ( 110)|Papers Count:8

Background & Aims: There are several tools that used to assess postoperative pain. The McGill Pain Questionnaire assesses the qualities of the patient’ s pain in sensory and emotional dimensions in addition to the pain intensity. Since the assessment of postoperative pain is important, this study aimed to compare and investigate the correlation between visual analogue scale (VAS) and different dimensions of the short form of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) in post-cesarean pain evaluation. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 101 pregnant women who referred to Mashhad Omolbanin hospital after caesarean section in 2015. Two hours after caesarean, the pain was measured by the VAS and the SF-MPQ. The VAS was a straight horizontal line (0-10cm). The (SF-MPQ) consisted of 12-word descriptors of pain (9 words for sensory dimensions and 3for emotional dimension) and a verbal scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19), Chi-square, Spearman and Pearson correlation. Results: The mean of VAS pain was 3. 72 ± 1. 50 and total scores from the SF-MPQ was (9. 94 ± 4. 40). The VAS was the most correlated with the verbal expression of pain intensity from the McGill Pain Questionnaire (r=0. 64 p<0. 001). The majority of subjects had mild (44. 6%) or medium (52. 4%) pain intensity, with VAS; According to the verbal expression of pain, most of the subjects described their pain as mild (40. 66%) or uncomfortable (44. 6%). Although, significant correlation was observed between the VAS score and total score of SF-MPQ(r=0. 55 p<0. 001), but there was no significant correlation between the VAS score and emotional dimension of SF-MPQ (r = 0. 43 p = 0. 07). Conclusion: The VAS is an appropriate tool for assessing the severity of acute pain after surgery, but it does not assess the quality and emotional dimension of pain. Since pain is a multi-dimensional problem and in addition to physical components, it also has emotional components, using the SF-MPQ for evaluation of postoperative pain is recommended.

Background & Aim: Several factors affect the formation of organizational learning and facilitate its process in the organization, including these influential factors and perhaps the most important ones are organizational culture and organizational intelligence. An organizational learning is used to describe specific types of organizational variables that are streamed. One of these variables is organizational intelligence. Organizational intelligence is the potential of the organization to gather relevant environmental information and transform this information into a useful knowledge that influences the organization's adaptability to the environment. The purpose of this research is to answer the question of whether organizational intelligence and organizational culture are related to organizational learning. Materials & Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all employees (doctors, nurses and midwives) of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia. The sample size was 150 people based on Cochran formula. For data collection, three standard Denison organizational culture questionnaires, organizational learning, and organizational intelligence, Albrecht, were used. Data was analyzed using SPSS and PLS3 software. Results: The results of the research hypotheses showed that organizational intelligence and organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on organizational learning as well as organizational intelligence has a mediating role in the relationship between organizational culture and organizational learning. Conclusion: Learning-based changes are the key to the success of each organization; therefore, appropriate solutions to improve and enhance these changes are needed to help organizations to change objectively. Considering the recognition of the positive effect of organizational intelligence and organizational culture on organizational learning, it seems that by increasing and strengthening organizational intelligence and organizational culture, it is possible to improve the learning environment.

Background & Aim: Nurses are the largest professional group of healthcare providers, who significantly influence the quality and effectiveness of health care services. This requires the development of scientific nursing knowledge and systematic attention to nursing research activities, especially clinical research, in order to provide strong evidence for nursing interventions. In this regard, research priority setting is an essential step for improving the quality of health services. This study was conducted to determine the nursing research priorities in Iran. Materials & Methods: This study was initially conducted in 2015 using a three-round Delphi method with the participation of 19 nursing experts in the fields of administration, clinical practice, , education and research, and then was revised in 2017. Initially, a draft of the issues related to nursing research was prepared based on the concerns of nursing experts and upstream documents. Afterwards, the prepared priorities were sent to the participants in three consecutive phases, and their opinions were analyzed using directed content analysis. The research priorities were revised by 43 nursing experts from various regions in Iran. Results: Based on the content analysis of the data, in the phase of nursing priority setting, 36 priorities were obtained in the administrative (21 items), educational (2 items), clinical practice (11 items), and research domains (2 items). In the revision phase, these priorities increased to 57 cases in the administrative (23 items), educational (11 items), clinical practice (18 items), and research domains (5 items). Conclusion: Current priorities are focused on the national needs in nursing research. Therefore, conducting research in the identified areas in this study could improve the quality of nursing care and health outcomes, which in turn promotes the health of individuals, families and the community.

Background & Aim: Drug addiction is one of the most serious humanitarian problems of the past 15 years. In this regard, paying attention to marital status is an important aspect. The purpose of this study was to compare the predisposing factors of drug use in single and married individuals in addiction treatment centers in Tehran. Materials & Methods: A descriptive-comparative study was conducted on all male individuals referred to the welfare Dependent centers of Tehran, among whom 200 single and married addicted male subjects were selected by available sampling method. Data were analyzed using T-test and Chi-square. Results: The most important factors in single =subjects were anxiety, the history of sexual abuse, the use of drugs for pleasure and leisure, curiosity towards drugs, imitation of others' behavior, violent and authoritarian behavior, and family rigor, educational problems, educational stress and in married subjects, a positive attitude towards drugs, social pressures, a severe family feeling, having a friend of addicts were found to be the most important factors. Conclusion: By discovering the most important causes of drug use in married and single groups, it is possible to create a field for increasing awareness among these individuals and to prevent many health problems including addiction.

Background & Aims: Pregnancy and childbirth are a major event in women's life. Fear of childbirth is one of the most important reasons for not choosing a normal delivery method. In this study, the prevalence and causes of fear of childbirth in primiparous pregnant women were studied. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed by census method on 181 pregnant women who were referred to health centers in Talesh County. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Information related to childbirth and caesarean, and the causes fear of childbirth. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher exact test and Statistical tests such as Independent t-test and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the difference between averages and rank. Results: In this study, 82. 7% of mothers had a degree of fear of childbirth(31. 8% low fear and 32. 9% moderate fear and 17. 9% high fear). There was a significant difference between the knowledge of the complications of cesarean section and the mean score of fear of normal delivery (P= 0. 017) and fear of childbirth was reduced with increased awareness. The most common cause of fear of childbirth was harm to the baby. Conclusion: considering the importance of fear of childbirth in increasing cesarean section, the reasons for this fear must be taken into account by health authorities and providing counseling services to reduce the fear of childbirth in primiparous women is recommended.

Background & Aims: One of the health problems in each country is the collection of surplus drugs in homes, which these drugs impose economic costs on the health system as well as can cause problems for families such as poisoning and excessive consumption. This study aimed to investigate the unused drugs in Urmia city. Materials & Methods: This was cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic research. Sampling method was cluster based on four urban areas which 256 households were distributed within these areas. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire which by visiting homes and method of interviewing and drug observing were obtained the percentage of households with surplus drugs, forms and family of drugs, expiration date of drugs, price of drugs and their keeping place in Urmia’ s homes in 2017. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The results showed that 88% of households kept unused drugs at home. That is, there were an average of 8. 27 number of drugs at each home with the value of 81050 Rials per capita, which is a huge amount at the macro level and it is approximately equivalent to the country's one-year drug budget. The most common form and family of drugs among surplus drugs were pills (87%) and analgesics (24. 4%), respectively. Conclusion: Partial utility of drug usage and the subsequent use of remaining drugs, which may be kept after their expiration date, endanger not only the health of patients, but also increase the cost of health care. Therefore, increasing people's awareness about how to use and store drugs can prevent from wasting too much money.

Background & Aim: Studies in the field of clinical competence assessment of midwifery students and related factors have contradictory and sometimes unexpected results. Given the role of clinical competence in the quality of midwifery care and Its importance in protecting the health of mothers and babies, This study aims to Determining the extent of achieving clinical competencies and its relation with some of the demographic factors in midwifery students. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 73 midwifery students and 438 pregnant women in 2015. Data was collected using clinical competence questionnaire, which was completed in two ways by self-assessment and assessment by researcher. Data analysis was performed applying Descriptive statistics, Spearman and Pearson correlations tests and One-way ANOVA test in SPSS software, version 16. Results: Midwifery students assessed their clinical competence with a mean (109. 84 ± 12. 12) at a good level and the researcher the clinical competence of midwifery students with mean (70. 92 ± 17. 41) At the Medium level. The results of the study showed there is a significant difference between the selfassessment and evaluation by the researcher (p <0. 05) But there is no significant relationship between self-assessment and evaluation by the researcher (p >0. 05). Also, there is a significant and positive correlation between self-assessment of clinical competency and marital status (p <0. 05). Conclusion: This study shows that self-assessment is not an appropriate alternative to assessing professors but at the same time it can be used as a complementary evaluation method to evaluate students' performance.

Abstract Background & Aims: Pregnancy is one of the most important lifecycles in women's lives, which is associated with pregnancy overweighting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and level of physical activity in pregnant women with overweight referred to Urmia health centers. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 overweight pregnant women referred to six health centers in Urmia. Eligible subjects were included according to their socioeconomic status from three different strata and via random selections (20 pregnant women from each center). Therefore, written consent was obtained from each subject, individually. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, nutritional status, and physical activity levels were recorded and evaluated via appropriate tools. Data were analyzed by SPSS-20 software. Results: The mean age of the sample population was 27. 32 ± 3. 74 years. The mean weight and BMI in this population were 69. 29 ± 4. 91 and 27. 15 ± 1. 36 respectively. The average daily energy intake level was 1974. 95 ± 589. 85 kcal/day. Meat (3. 92 ± 2. 02) and oil (3. 34 ± 5. 07) dietary group intakes were more than the daily recommended allowances. Also for the bread and cereals (4. 59 ± 10. 79) was the same trend, while the intakes from dairy (1. 84 ± 1. 86), fruit (2. 71 ± 3. 71) and vegetable groups (1. 79± 3. 4) were found to be lower than the recommended daily allowance level. The average total physical activity was 1. 14 ± 2. 65 met / min. The average total daily activity was 36. 7 ± 85. 23 met/min. The highest level of weekly physical activity was allocated to home (56. 10 ± 27. 89) and light (21. 04± 47. 71) activity types. The lowest amount was for exercise activity types (1. 57 ± 3. 2 met/day). Conclusion: The results from the current study showed that the most frequent type of done physical activity by women during pregnancy was light and home physical activity types. The consumption of milk, dairy products, and fruits plus vegetables were lower than the recommended allowances for the studied pregnant women. It seems that educational programs with focuses on the diversities in dietary intakes and physical activity levels in pregnant women will be cost-benefit programs.