Journal of Molecular and Cellular Researches
Year:2019 | Volume:32 | Issue:3|Papers Count:12

Several physical and chemical methods have been studied for synthesis of metal nanoparticles at commercial scale for use in biological and non-biological purposes. Nowadays, the green synthesis or biosynthesis method by plants is the most efficient way for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this study, biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles has done by adding gold nitrate in extract of aerial organs biomass of cumin. The highest conversion of gold ions into nanoparticles of gold was achieved under optimal conditions of 40 ° C, pH=10 and 20 minutes. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles surveyed by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Spectrophotometric analysis showing absorbance in 550 nm approved synthesis of gold nanoparticles using extract of aerial organs biomass of cumin. TEM analysis showed spherical shape of gold nanoparticles in range of 2-10 nm. Moreover, XRD analysis showed nano crystals synthesis by extract of aerial organs biomass of cumin. Using nyquist plot, electric conduction comparison between simple carbon dough electrode with its modified counterpart with gold nanoparticles verified the presence of gold nanoparticles in Cumin extract.

In the present study, an enzyme catalyzed in situ forming hydrogel based on chemically modified tragacanth was prepared and then evaluated for use in cartilage tissue engineering. For this purpose, firstly tyramine was conjugated on the galacturonic acid methyl ester units of gum tragacanth (GT) via ammonolysis of methyl ester groups in heterogeneous media. Then, the hydrogel was prepared by mixing of functionalized polymer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide using a double syringe equipped with a mixing chamber. Then, cell viability of the encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and in vitro chondrocyte differentiation of them, incubated in the presence of differentiation medium, were investigated. After mixing of the gel promoters, hydrogel formation was obtained due to enzyme catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction between phenolic groups of tyramine functional groups. The tunable gelation time of hydrogels was less than 2 minute. Viability of the encapsulated cells was more than 95% and 75% after 2 h and 21 days of incubation. The expression of chondrocytic genes and sulphated glycosaminoglycan indicated that the encapsulated hMSCs differentiated to chondrocyte cells during in vitro differentiation time.

Animal venoms contain numerous toxins with various physiological activities that cause problems such as allergic reactions and/or more severe reactions including as blood clots, necrosis, pulmonary arrest. Nevertheless, research has shown these venoms can be used as a medicine for treating many diseases including cancer. Disintegrins are a family of small protein from Vipera species venoms. Studies have shown that these peptides can exhibit anticancer activities by interfering with intracellular signaling pathways. In this study amino acid composition of Disintegrin toxins from different Vipera venoms were studied and phylogenetic relationship between them was depicted. In order to analysis of the sequence and amino acid composition, the sequence of these peptides were obtaianed from NCBI. MEGA6 software was also used to compare of these peptides and phylogenetic studies. In the next step, the structure of some of these peptide were modelled with Modeller and were analyzed by SPDBV. Study of sequence and amino acid composition lead to identification of conserved and important residues involved in the structure and the function these peptides. Phylogenetic analysis showed that disintegrins could also classified in 3 evolutionary groups. Structural analysis also showed that disintegrins with a most recent common ancestor have significant structural similarity which confirm the results obtained from phylogenetic studies.

Ovarian cancer is the most common cancer among women that some environmental and genetic factors contribute to this cancer. Clinical research has shown that excessive expression of HER2 gene leads to carcinogenesis, which includes 20-30% of ovarian and breast cancers. In this study, the polymorphism of a part of codon of 655 HER2(rs1136201) gene associated with ovarian cancer was studied. in this study, the polymorphism of HER2 (1136201) was studied gene in 70 women with ovarian cancer and 70 healthy women in East Azerbaijan province using of BSMI enzyme by PCRRFLP method. The distribution of polymorphism of HER2 (rs1136201) site provided the most differences in AA genotype between healthy group and unhealthy one (40 against 3); that is, there was a significant difference in the frequency of homozygote genotypes between healthy and patient groups. Chi-Square test used for studying the difference of genotype frequency between two population indicates that there is a significant difference between two population in terms of abundance (p<0/0001), which is the indicator of probable relation of this site with the incidence of disease. The results of this study showed that the polymorphism of HER2 gene increases the risk of ovarian cancer.

The cyanide is a toxic and very lethal compound that has devastating effects on the environment and human health. Physical and chemical methods are very costly to remove contamination in high large areas. This fact leads to understanding of the potential of microorganisms, including fungi, in the effective and economical purification of soil and contaminated water. In this study, a random sample was taken from a gold mining wastewater. Samples were cultured in a PDA medium. Then, to evaluate the ability of fungus to measure the fungal power in cyanide decomposition, Picric acid method was used. Take In this study, the specific activity of the cyanide degrading enzyme called nitrilase in concentrations of 0, 2, 5 and 10 mM cyanide was investigated in Penicillium fungus culture media. To determine the nitrilase activity of the spectrophotometer and to absorb benzoic acid at 238 nm. Benzonitrile produces benzoic acid and ammonia in the presence of nitrilase enzyme. With the help of the standard curve obtained from the absorption of benzoic acid, the activity of the nitrilase enzyme was obtained. To analyze the significance level of data, ANOVA and T. test tests were used. The results indicate an increase in the specific activity of this enzyme in conjunction with an increase in the concentration of cyanide in the culture medium. As a result of a concentration of 0 to 10 mM cyanide, the specific activity of the nitrilase enzyme increased by 26%. Also, in the culture medium containing different concentrations of cyanide, the remaining cyanide concentration decreased by 52%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of cyanide to the induction-induced environmental medium has increased the activity of the degrading enzyme and, together with the increase in enzyme activity, the cyanide decomposition rate is also increased.

The interaction between nano particles such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and macromolecules are receiving much attention because of their wide range of applications in cancer therapy, tissue engineering, protein crystallization and biological sensors. It is believed that carbon nanotubes through interaction with proteins (nanoparticle-protein corona) can have biological effects. Carbon nanotubes are highly hydrophobic in pristine condition, so there is the possibility of interaction of natural and pristine carbon nanotubes to the hydrophobic core of protein due to the strong affinity between carbon nanotubes and hydrophobic amino acids. However, such interaction can lead to loss of main function of the protein. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone that is release from the pituitary gland. This hormone is regulates the development and growth of pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body. FSH is a very unstable hormone in vitro and there has been very little research on it, so in this paper, we study the interaction of double-walled carbon nanotube of chirality (11, 14) and approximately 25 Å in length with FSH by molecular dynamics simulation. The results revealed that the hydrophobic chains tend to interact with the outer surface of double-walled carbon nanotube, and the π-π and hydrophobic interaction is revealed to be main driving force to the adsorption between carbon nanotubes and the hormone.

Genetic materials such as alien additions and substitutions are valuable genetic resources for both plant breeding and basic research. The objective of this study was determination of genetic diversity in wheat addition lines of Hordeum vulgare L., (2n = 2x =14. cv. Betzes) into the genetic background of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x =24, AABBDD, cv. Chinese Spring) by cytogenetical and molecular markers. Cytogenetical study indicated that chromosomes of 1H, 4H and 5H had the morphological differences with recipient parent and 6H had the morphological similarity with recipient parent. A desirable genetic diversity observed based on ISSR markers between the lines. The primers of IS10 and IS15 showed the best polymorphism between the lines. The studied primers were amplified in barley the most regions of the chromosomes of 2H, 3H and 7H. The proliferation regions by using primers for ISSR marker lower placed on chromosomes of 4H, 5H and 6H.

Growing demand for suitable material for cell culture and biomedical applications has been challenged biomaterial community to looking for compatible materials for cell culture uses. in addition of biocompatibility and having appropriate physical-chemical characteristics, cell culture surfaces should not induce spontaneous differentiation of stem cells and should be suitable with different kind of cells. Among the bulk of existing biomaterials, acrylate and methacrylate combinations of polymers in terms of manufacturing process control, as well as mechanical, physical and chemical properties, are substances that can be used in many cell culture systems. In the present study, a combination of several acrylate monomers was evaluated to determine the attachment and growth of human fibroblast cells. The results confirm the fact that some of these polymer compounds, in terms of cell attachment and growth, are a very suitable substrate for cell culture and expansion, and are in a good agreement with respect to degree of hydrophilicity. Also, the substrates due to having multiple functional groups, in contrast to traditional substrates such as polystyrene, are suitable for covalent binding to other molecules, especially biomolecules, and will be suitable for studying their effects in contact with cells.

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world, with nearly 1. 4 million new cases diagnosed in 2012. In addition, the incidence of this disease has increased in recent years. Due to the increased incidence of cancer, the use of new chemotherapy molecules is required. Many studies have shown that intestinal cancers can be treated through natural marine products that contain a large amount of active biological substances with new chemical structures and new drug activities. The aim of this study was the effect of hydroalcoholic extract Sargassum ciliforium on HT-29 colorectal cell line and evaluation P53 and APC genes expression by using Real time PCR Technique. In this study, we determined Sargassum ciliforium extract with the MTT assay at 5 different concentrations 10-1-0. 1-0. 01-0. 001mg/ml and control group on HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line human embryonic kidney HEK were examined. Then optical density each well at wavelength 570nm it was found. Data analysis with spss software and One way Anova statistical test checked out. Also evaluation P53 and APC genes expression by using Real time PCR Technique. Our result showed that extract Sargassum ciliforium the effect reducation on viability in human colon cancer cell line HT-29 and also prevent the growth of tumor cells. Results showed the extract Sargassum ciliforium had toxic effects in colon cancer cell line HT-29 and this algae extract could be used to develope anti-cancer drugs and it was shown that induced cell death with Sargassum ciliforium Algae extract through is the activation of APC protein.

From biomedicine point of view, the application of medicinal plants to prevent and treat diabetes via intervention in biomolecule degradation mechanisms, is an important issue. Achillea L. belongs to Asteraceae family and have traditional properties with different applications in folk medicine. A. pachycephala is one of the valuable species of Achillea which has been considered as a rich source of antioxidants. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of various phenological stages  including five leaves appearance, sprouting, 50% and 100% flowering on antiglycative and antioxidant activity of A. pachycephala flowers extract. Antioxidant activity were evaluated based on 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power (FTC) methods. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was determined in albumin glycation model using Congo red binding and brown staining assays. The results showed that the extracts collected at 50% flowering stage had the highest antiglycative potential, the highest amounts of total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities. Besides, a direct correlation between antioxidant and anti-glycative activity was suggested. Most likely, A. pachycephala prevents albumin glycation originating from its strong antioxidant properties, therefore it can be considered as a good candidate for reducing complications of diabetes.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a well-characterized member of the neurotrophin protein family, which has been shown to play a pivotal role in treating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’ s disease. Production of recombinant proteins in E. coli has particular disadvantages, which are primarily inclusion body formation and lack of disulfide bond formation in the cytoplasm. We therefore aimed to use the modified signal peptide of the Iranian native Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase to target the expressed recombinant β-NGF to the periplasm as an effective strategy to produce correctly-folded β-NGF. For this purpose, the human β-NGF gene with the signal sequence of the Iranian native Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase was cloned into a pET21a (+) vector and then the recombinant vector was transformed to BL21 (DE3) and BL21 (DE3) plysS strains. Protein expression was induced by 1mM IPTG in strains with the recombinant vector and the positive control strain containing the pET39b (+) vector with the DsbA signal peptide. Cytoplasmic and periplasmic expression of β-NGF was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and dot-blot assays. Finally, the expressed periplasmic proteins were purified using affinity chromatography and this purification was confirmed by using SDS-PAGE and Western blot assays. The results show the modified signal peptide of the Iranian native Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase is more effective for the secretory expression and directing β-NGF to the periplasmic space than the DsbA signal peptide. Also, these results indicate that the BL21 (DE3) plysS strain is an appropriate host for periplasmic expression of β-NGF.

TEM beta lactamase gene is one of the important plasmid genes in Enterobacteriaceae which is the cause of over 90% of Escherichia coli isolates resistance to beta lactam antibiotics. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and TEM gene. 266 clinical isolates of E. coli were collected from laboratories in Bonab County. Phenotypic screening and confirmation tests for extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) were carried out using disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer) method. All of the ESBL producing isolates were tested by PCR using specific primers. Our results showed that, the maximum resistance was seen for ampicillin (67. 3 %) and the maximum sensitivity was seen for imipenem (92. 5%). In this study 45 % isolates were multidrug resistance, which showed at least resistance for three antibiotics. Out of 154 isolates, 58 (37. 7%) cases were ESBL producers which 65. 51% of isolates contained TEM gene. This study showed that, TEM gene encodes over 50% of ESBLs in E. coli. Therefore, we recommend detection of this gene as a routine bacteriologic procedure in management of the nosocomial infections caused by enteric bacteria.