Management and Development Process
Year:2020 | Volume:33 | Issue:1 (111)|Papers Count:7

Enhancing employee performance is of great concern among state organizations. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of perceived committed HRM on individual performance with the mediating roles of job stress and job commitment and the moderating roles of job skills and perceived supervisor support among the employees of the Education Department of Qazvin Province. Based on Morgan’ s Table, 260 subjects comprised the statistical sample. It was a survey study and questionnaires were applied to gather data. Data analysis was performed through structural equation modeling based on variance analysis. Findings indicate that there is direct relation between committed HRM and employee performance; the mediating role of job commitment between perceived committed HRM and employee performance is positive and significant, but work stress plays no mediating role between these latter variables. Moreover, regarding the amount of the statistic “ t” , the moderating role of perceived supervisor support between perceived committed HRM and work stress is positive and significant; however, job skills play no moderating role between perceived committed HRM and job commitment.

There are issues in organizations that require new theoretical formulation. Hence, metaphorical theorizing is used in the study of organizations to interpret them and understand their complexities. In this method, the organization is likened to an entity and one of the key features of that entity is generalized to the organization. It should be borne in mind that most organizational theories are based on a positivist paradigm that focuses on knowledge and data in an attempt to discover the nomothetic of social systems. This article is an attempt to build a theory based on interpretive paradigm that puts the organizational black hole theory forward in a metaphorical way. The black hole theory of the organization has been adopted from the cosmic black hole metaphor. In the first step, the key features of the organizational black hole were summarized in accordance with the researcher's interpretation, taking into account the one-on-one correspondence and adopting the cosmic black hole characteristics. In the second step, the definition of the organizational black hole was presented based on key features, and in the third step the overall framework of the theory was formulated. In addition, by analyzing the characteristics of the organizational black hole theory, it was found that this theory falls under the interpretative paradigm. Finally, how one can test the theory in terms of falsifiability or utility is discussed.

Development of the private sector, running businesses by private sector enterprises and privatization of state-owned enterprises are a dominant approach in most countries. Ample empirical evidence has strongly supported the effectiveness of this approach. In Iran, 39 state-owned companies, whose market value is about 60% of the total value of the country’ s stock market, joined the stock market between 2001 and 2015. There were two major objectives behind this move: improving the performance and functions of business enterprises. This paper attempts to identify and analyze the those factors which help privatization to affect the performance and functions of listed firms in Iran’ s stock market. Findings indicate that privatization is effective in promoting nominal performance and nominal functions of firms, but it cannot lead to the development of their actual performance and business functions. Besides, findings show that the formation of corporate governance, dominant shareholder's status after privatization, the way management controls the quality, and the way privatization affects performance and functional changes of firms each plays a role.

Administrative system is a fundamental basis for development and shows how a government approaches the running of the country. Administrative governance behavior shows the type of administrative culture which dominates the country. Administrative culture at its fundamental analytical level looks at the behavioral pattern embracing the country’ s administrative system. Taking into account the modern institutional approach, this article intends to define and evaluate the administrative culture as one of the three main components of Iranian administration system. This study used an outsider’ s perspective/ approach (ETIC) to administrative culture and evaluated nine indexes: institutional collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, future orientation, performance orientation, power distance, in-group collectivism, humane orientation, assertiveness, and gender egalitarianism. Using random sampling method, data was collected from 166 managers, experts, and scholars of management. Findings show that power distance and in-group collectivism are perceived at a higher level, while there is a vital need to improve and develop institutional collectivism, future orientation, performance orientation, uncertainty avoidance and assertiveness. Finally, based on the findings, recommendations are presented to managers and researchers.

The challenge and inability to effectively manage organizational resources such as financial capital, human resources, and management of intra-and inter-organizational conflict resolution is one of the issues non-governmental organizations are faced with. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present an effective leadership model for environmental people-based organizations (PBSs/NGOs) in Iran. The present study was developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of methodology. Grounded method, together with Strauss and Corbin approach, was applied to collect qualitative data. Alongside this, 12 experts from these organizations were selected and interviewed. The process of coding in the founded theory involved the process of continuous data analysis in open, central and selective stages. Results show: (a) participation, service rendering, transformation orientation and legal orientation are effective leadership dimensions, (b) capacity of grassroots organizations, governance networks and organizational capabilities are among the causal factors, (c) flexible organizational structure and organizational climate are effective contextual factors, (d) supportive policies and strategies (both internal and external) are intervening factors in the effective leadership model, (e) public participation and organizational performance are effective leadership outcomes.

A great amount of potential financial losses arise from borrowers’ abstaining from refunding their debts calls and the development and improvement of credit risk measurement techniques in the financial literature in order to decrease such losses has transformed into an intevitable subject. The purpose of bankruptcy forecasting models is to estimate the probability of a company or a person’ s abstaining during a certain period of time. This research used the data gathered from a sample of 218 active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange Market as well as Over-The-Counter for the period between 1990 and 2016. Moreover, ants’ colony algorithm was used to determine the most effective factors of credit risk and also pattern recognition neural network technique was applied to classify and evaluate the precision of bankruptcy forecasts. As a result, such ratios as profit before interests and taxes to total sale; total benefits of shareholders to debts; and current ratio, cash ratio and shareholders’ benefits ratio to total assets are the most effective factors. Finally, the presented model which employs data belonging to one, two and three years before the intended year is able to forecast the credit condition of companies with higher precision as compared to the average precision of current models.

The sustainable university concept is rooted in prevalent paradigms pertained to economic, social and environmental development, which all focus on systemic thought and rationality; besides, they tend to discover and solve problems by applying an interdisciplinary approach. However, the epistemic component is what these paradigms have ignored. The purpose of this study is to explain a methodology for the shift from current paradigms to spiritual ones for sustainable higher education. To reach this end, meta-synthesis method was applied, based on which 46 qualitative researches covering sustainability domain were gathered and their findings were analyzed and evaluated. The viewpoints of these studies were put together and synthesized to introduce a more comprehensive substitute. Results show that the dynamic spiritual paradigm based on wisdom and objective knowledge is in line with the divine wisdom of Iranian universities.