Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Year:2008 | Volume:30 | Issue:3|Papers Count:38

Background and Objectives: Nutritional role of edible oils, which may induce diverse effects on nervous system, is one of the issues considerations in modem communities as well as our country. Tissue changes and thereby behavioral alteration are among these effects. In present study the effect of nutritional oils on serum lipid profile and memory was studied.Methods and Methods: Twenty Wistar rats in 2 equal nutritional groups were studied: 1) Control group 2) Ghee oil group. After 5 weeks of taking their particular diets, rats tested by shuttle box system for passive avoidance learning. Then blood samples were obtained and lipid profile was determined using an autoanalaizer and Randox kits. Finally using SPSS software, T-Student and Pearson method results were analyzed (p<0.05 was considered as significant).Results: In ghee oil group based on HDL and LDL (which suggests propensity in arteriosclerosis) indicators as compared with control group was found to be useful for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This oil induced positive effects on memory retrieval after 24 and 72 hours (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the positive effects of ghee oil on memory and prevention of cardiovascular disease, we suggest to include ghee oil (even in small amounts) in the diet. The advisable amount added to family diet requires further investigations.

Background and Objectives: Vitiligo is a pigmentary disorder with an acquired loss of pigmentation characterized histologically by absence of epidermal melanocytes. The pathogenesis is still not understood. Studies suggest that some genetic mechanism involved in the etiology of vitiligo and that is polygenic in nature. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules have an important role in regulation of the immune response. Associations between HLA-antigens and most autoimmune diseases are well established. The purpose of this study was to survey class-I HLA-typing in order to determine predisposing and preventive human leukocyte antigens in patients with vitiligo.Materials and Methods: In this analytical case-control study, venous blood samples of 50 healthy subjects as control and 50 patients with vitiligo refered to clinic and ward of Dermatology of Tabriz Sina Hospital, from December 2004 to March 2005 are evaluated to determine the type of human leukocyte antigens with microcytotoxicity technique. The control group was selected from healthy kidney donors that were typed for HLA class I antigens.Results: HLA-A2 (P=0.009, OR=2.901), B49 (P=0.031, OR=9.333), CW2 (P=0.008, OR=10.756), CW3 (P=0.031, OR=9.333), CW7 (P=0.008, OR=10.756) were determined as predisposing antigens and HLA-A3 (P=0.019, OR=0.316), B8 (P=0.031,OR=0.107), BW4 (P=0.0000, R=0.008), BW6 (P=0.001, OR=0.206) as preventive antigens for the disease.Conclusion: In our study positive association between vitiligo and HLA-A2, B49, CW2, CW3, CW7 and negative association between vitiligo and HLA-A3, B8, BW4, BW6 were found. The positive association of HLA-A3, A30, B13, B21, B27 BW35, BW6, BW60, CW6 and the negative association of HLA-19 with vitiligo, which obtained in other studies, were not encountered in our study.

Background and Objective: Varicocel is known as one of the most common cause of male infertility which occurs through different mechanisms. Immunologic reasons such as antisperm antibody (ASA) may have also a role in infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the antisperm antibody in semen and serum of male patients with varicocel before and after varicocel surgery.Methods and materials: A cross sectional study was conducted on 65 varicocel patients who had indication for varicocel surgery, were candidate for assessment of ASA level in semen and serum pre and post surgery. The level of ASA was measured by direct and indirect SPERM.MAR-test. Over 15%ASA level was considered as positive result.Results: The semen analysis after surgery showed recovery regarding all three parameters including sperm count, motility and morphology, where changes in count and motility revealed significant (p<0.05) differences. Thirteen percent of patients before surgery showed positive level of ASA in serum and semen, whose ASA level three-months after surgery was positive 15% in semem and 21% in serum. Serum level of ASA before and after surgery showed significant differences (P=0.031). In semen, the level of ASA did not show any differences (P=0.772). After surgery, semen parameters compared within positive and negative ASA patients showed only significant difference in motility (P=0.035). Within patients with negative ASA before surgery 48 patients showed ASA level about 5-15% with no effect on semen parameters.Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that varicocelectomy may cause positive ASA level in serum of patients after surgery. However, in comparison with patients with negative ASA after surgery, no changes in the semen parameters can be seen except reduction in motility. Since varicocelectomy showed no effect on semen ASA, thus varicocelectomy has no unfavorable effects on male infertility.

Background and Objects: The intensive cares have dramatically improved in two recent decades. On the other hand pathophysiology of life threatening processes and technical capacities of management has developed and resulted in improvement of clinically ill children.Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is the major source of expenditure in hospital and produces different levels of care such as mechanical ventilation and homodynamic assessment which are not available in other wards. These points dictate the necessity of continuous evaluation for qualified services. This study was designed to assess the effective factors on outcome of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).Materials and Methods: In an analytical, cross - sectional study 1044 patients who were admitted from April 2005 to April 2007 were included. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using t-test, Chi- square and one way ANOVA tests. Level of significance was p<0.05.Results: From 1044 admitted patients 435 underwent mechanical ventilation. The mean age of ventilated patients and the opposite group was 29.±43.1 and 41.2±44.5 respectively (p=0.001). The total mortality rate was 218 (20.9%) which 201 (41.6%) of them were in ventilated patients and 17 (2.9%) in opposite group. In patients with length of stay less than one day, the mortality rate was 31% and in opposite group 14.7% (p=0.001), which with elimination of first group (length of stay was 4.9±10.4 and 3.1±5 in dead patients and opposite group, respectively (p=0.001). The re-intubation rate was 13.9% (36 from 258) which 7 of them died and 29 saved.Conclusion: One of the most important effective factors on PICU outcome is the mortality of patients which are referred to this department on end-stages of diseases and regardless of consumption of resources; they cannot be benefited.

Background and Objectives: The Clotting - factor concentration (CFC) used for prophylaxis or treatments of haemorrhage in patients with haemophylia are a potential source of transmission of blood- borne viruses. Therefore, the study of these viruses is important and necessary in these patients.Materials and Methods: In this study 52 haemophilic patients, positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti- HCV) and negative for HIV, were randomly selected as case group. The same number of haemophylic patient’s age and sex matched and anti- HCV and HIV antibodies negative, were selected and studied as a control group. All serum samples were studied for HBsAg, CMV and EBV specific antibodies using ELISA method. Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) and Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) were performed with the standard methods in these patients and controls.Results: Our findings indicated that 7.6%, 61.5% and 57.6% of patients and 3.8%, 42% and 48% of the control group were positive for HBsAg, CMV and EBV specific IgG antibodies respectively. Significant correlation was only noticed in the case of CMV between the both groups (p=049). Serum ALT and AST were higher in both groups but significantly higher in the case group. More than 50% co - infection was noticed in the both groups. The serum ALT and AST activity in these groups were higher than the other groups.Conclusion: In spite of using controlled blood products by haemophilic patients, they are still one of the high risk groups for blood - borne viruses. Therefore the study of these patients for above mentioned viruses is probably necessary for individual and social health.

Background and Objectives: Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world. Effect of some antioxidant on prevention of cataract progression was investigated. We investigate whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents sodium-selenite induced cataract in Wistar rat eyes.Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups. In each group were 10 rats. In group I (control) subcutaneous and intraperitoneal 0.3 ml saline normal were injected on postpartum day 10. In group 2, sodium selenite (20 nmol/g body weight) subcutaneously and 0.3 ml saline normal intraperitonealy were injected on postpartum day 10.In group 3, sodium selenite (20 nmol/gbw) subcutaneously and N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kgbw) intraperitonealy were injected postpartum day 10. Intraperitoneal N-acetylcysteine and subcutaneous saline normal were injected in group 4. The development of cataract was assessed weekly, and its density was graded by biomicroscopy and photography. Removed rat lenses were analyzed for glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (M.D.A, marker of lipid per oxidation), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).Results: In group 3, all ofrats lenses were clear; however the Mean cataract stage in group 2 (sodium selenite) was 2.8±03 (p<0.05).The mean GSH, SOD and GPX level in group 2 was significantly lower than in groups 1, 3 and 4 (p<0.05),however the mean M.D.A level in group 2 was significantly higher than in groups 1, 3 and 4 (p<0.05).Conclusions: N-acetylcysteine effectively suppressed cataract formation. The protective effect was supported by lower GSH, SOD and GPX; and higher M.D.A levels in group 2 than in group 3, suggesting the antioxidant efficacy of this agent.

Background and Objectives: Many studies have been done to understand the nature and mechanisms of verbal short term memory. These studies have led to linguistic and nonlinguistic approaches to it. Phonological similarity effect as an important finding of these studies increased the conflict between both approaches. Regarding differences between languages, cross- language investigations may be helpful. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of phonological similarity on span of verbal short term memory in Persian language.Material and Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, 16 graduate and postgraduate students (mean age 20 years, SD=2.03) participated (4 males, remaining females). All participants were native Persian (monolingual) without any speech or hearing disorders. Stimuli were 450 words categorized in 3 different lists, namely rhyming words list, alliterative words list and dissimilar words list. Each list consisted of twenty five 6-words sequences (150 words in each list). Stimuli were presented via a speaker. There was a 1 second interval between words in each sequence. Three seconds after presenting each sequence a signal was heard as a sign to start the recall.Results: A one-way ANOVA test showed significant difference between rhyming, alliterative and dissimilar words (p= 0.0000). Poshtoc Tukey test showed significant difference between rhyming list and dissimilar list (0.000). Also a significant difference was shown between alliterative and dissimilar list (0.006). There was no difference between rhyming and alliterative lists.Conclusion: These data suggests that in rhyming and alliterative words, vowel, because of higher sonority (rather than other phonemes) enhances the memory span as a cueing feature.Cross-language differences, especially in phonemes sonority level may cause different phonological similarity effects among languages. Since verbal short term memory is sensitive to vowel in words, it seems that the verbal short term memory has a linguistic nature.

Background and Objectives: The pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is not completely understood. However, several risk factors such as diet, overweight, and obesity have been suggested. The association of diet, body mass index (BMI), and their interaction with GERD is inconsistent. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify association of total diet, BMI, and their interaction with GERD.Materials and Methods: This age- and sex-matched case-control study (106 cases and 111 controls) was carried out in 217 subjects who visited the specialized clinic of Tabriz University of medical sciences from November 2006 to March 2007. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a checklist to determine reflux symptoms, and a 3-day food record to assess dietary intake. Weight and height of subjects were measured and BMI was calculated.BMI³25 was defined as being overweight or obese. Dietary factors of participants with and without reflux were compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Ver. 11.5) and Nutritionist III program. Statistical tests such as x2 'student t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used.Results: The mean BMI of participants was 26.5±5.32kg/m2. Concerning the whole diet of participants, only percentage energy from total dietary protein showed marginally significant association between cases and controls (P=0.06). Other dietary items were similar between the two groups. Further, caloric density, total meal size and frequency had no significant association with GERD; whereas higher BMI was significantly associated with GERD symptoms (P=0.0001). After adjusting BMI as an important confounder, dietary fat and sugar consumption were positively associated with GERD symptoms (P=0.04, both).Conclusions: According to the results, only percentage energy from total protein may have protective effect on GERD. On the other hand, the higher BMI, the more prevalent GERD. It seems that dietary fat and sugar may positively affect GERD through non-refluxogenic mechanisms such as higher BMI.

Background and Objective: In the present study, the effect of electromagnetic field on ultrastructure of uterine tube epithelium and also the effect of hMG injection after exposure to electromagnetic field is investigated.Materials and Method: Thity adult female wistar rats were divided into two groups of control and experimental. The rats in experimental group were exposed to 3 mT electromagnetic field 4hours per day for 4 months. The rats in control group were kept in similar condition without exposure to electromagnetic field. After the experimental period, half of the rats in both experimental and control groups were received a single dose of hMG.Seventy two hours after the injection of hMG, all the rats in experimental and control groups were sacrificed; specimens from uterine tube were fixed in glutaraldehyde and processed for electron microscopic and morphometric studies. The formalin fixed specimens were used for TUNEL technique staining. The data were analyzed using student t-test and p<0.05 were considered significant.Results: Transmission electron microscopy revealed that in experimental group, in comparison to control group, the nuclei of epithelial cells were condensed, mitochondria were disrupted cisternae of rER were dilated and cytoplasm contained numerous fat granules. The heights of the cells were reduced and they were rested on and irregular basal lamina.Furthermore, the underlying connective tissue contained several apoptotic cells and macrophages. hMG injection resulted in progression of morphological quality of uterine tube, however, it could not inhibit electromagnetic field induced changes.Conclusion: According to our results, electromagnetic field by producing functional and structural alterations and induction of apoptosis in uterine tube epithelium would interfere with the normal process of implantation by affecting blastocyst growth and blastocyst transfer through the uterine tube. These changes could not be prevented by administration of hMG.

Background and Objectives: Over 80% of hospitalized patients receive intravenous therapy through peripheral catheters during a hospital stay. This technique of therapy has numerous complications such phlebitis which can affect the patient's health state. Prevalence of phlebitis in Iran is more than 70%. So, according to high prevalence of phlebitis and insufficient researches about chlorhexidine gluconate solution as a choice disinfectant for prevention of phlebitis, research in this subject seems necessary.Materials and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study which was done on hospitalised patients in Tabriz Imam Khomeini hospital at internal units. For this aim collectively 90 patients were studied in chlorhexidine gluconate 2%, ethylic alcohol (Ethanol) 70%, and Betadine10%. Samples were selected through available sampling and divided into 3 groups randomly. Data collecting tool was observing checklist which includes two sections: demographic characteristics and standard scale of phlebitis signs and symptoms.Results: This research showed that incidence of phlebitis in Chlorhexidine group was 36.7%; in ethylic alcohol group was 53.3% and in Betadine group was 46.7%. There were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences between using of three solutions on prevention of phlebitis, but incidence and signs and symptoms of phlebitis in chlorhexidine group was lower than ethylic alcohol and Betadine groups. So it is suggested as a selected solution for disinfecting of catheter insertion site.

Background and Objectives: There has been a remarkable increase in antimicrobial resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in many developing countries in recent years.Most dramatic was appearance of b-Iactamase producing isolates that bearing high M.Wt. plasmids, which created problem in treatment of infections caused by this organism. Little information is available regarding antibiotic resistance, b-lactamases production and plasmid content of the strains of Ngonorrhoeae in Iran. Aim of this study was to study the antimicrobial resistance, b-Lactamases production and plasmid profiles of the Ngonorroeae isolates among urethritis and cervicitis patients in Kerman, Iran.Materials and Methods: 205 patients with signs and symptoms of urethritis and cervicitis were referred to 4 gynecology and urology clinics in city of Kerman from October 2004 to May 2006. 37 were infected with Ngonorrhoeae. For identification of the isolates, bacterial samples were collected from secretions and subjected to gram staining and inoculated into MTM medium with 2%hemoglobin. Oxidase, catalase and sugar utilization tests were also carried out for all isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disk agar diffusion and MIC test by agar dilution in MHA medium. Similarly, b-lactamases and plasmid content of all isolates were investigated from the cell lysates.Results: 83% of the isolates were highly resistant to penicillin. 72.9% were also resistant to tetracycline (TRNG). However, 78% of the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 67.5% sensitive to ceftriaxone and 62% were sensitive to ceftazidime, respectively. 54% of the isolates that exhibited resistance to penicillin also produced b-lactamases (PPNG). Plasmid isolation and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed three types of high M.Wt. plasmid in both PPNG and TRNG isolates. However, plasmid band was absent in the majority of isolates.Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the antibiotic resistant strains of Ngonorrhoeae are widely distributed among patients with urethritis and cervicitis in Kerman. The majority of penicillin resistant isolates were capable of producing a periplasmic b-lactamases (PPNG).However, majority of the isolates were sensitive to fluoroquinolones and the third generation cephalosporins.

Background and Objectives: Esophageal atresia is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Coincident of anomalies in organs other than esophagus such as the heart is a common finding in these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of various types of CHD in patients with esophageal atresia. Moreover, the influence of the coexistence of CHD and esophageal atresia on the prognosis of the operations of these patients was assessed.Materials and Methods: Patients with esophageal atresia who were admitted to pediatric surgery ward of Tabriz Children's Hospital Iran from 1998 to 2003 were consecutively enrolled. Necessary data including age, gender, weight, echocardiographical findings and final outcome of patients were extracted and analyzed Results: 139 patients with esophageal atresia underwent cardiologic examinations during the study. Among these patients, 60 did not have any CHD and 79 did. There were 8 deaths (13.3%) in patients without CHD, and 26 deaths (32.9%) in patients with CHD. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.008). In patients with CHD, the highest mortality rate (66.6%) was seen in subjects who had cyanosis and pulmonary hypertension (PH), while the lowest rate (14.2%) was seen in subjects who had neither cyanosis nor PH.Conclusion: CHD has a high prevalence rate among neonates with esophageal atresia. In addition, the presence of cyanosis or PH could affect the prognosis of the operation. Thus, cardiologic assessment is necessary for all neonates with esophageal atresia.

Background and Objectives: Micro-amperage direct current (MADC) has been used for a long time to accelerate the wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of effectiveness of the MADC on skin wound healing, to do that, the comprehensive evaluation of the wound surface, mechanical properties, and histological findings of healing stages were studied.Material and Methods: Fifty-one male guinea pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: one control group and two treatment groups (anodal and cathodal groups). A full thickness skin incision, with a length of 2.5 cm, was performed on the dorsum of each animal at a distance of 1 cm to spinous processes. A day after incision and up to 3 weeks, every second day, MADC with the relevant polarities was applied to the incision area. The wound surface and its mechanical properties were measured. Additionally, histological findings were studied.Results: The wound surface area was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the cathodal and anodal groups, 17th and 15th days after incision, respectively, with respect to the control group.There was not a significant difference in the mechanical properties and collagen orientation between the three groups. The number of fibroblast cells and collagen density significantly increased (P<0.05) in the cathodal group compared to the control group on 3rd, 7th and 21st days after incision.Conclusion: It appears that the anodal MADC, via the more attraction of the epithelial cells toward the wound site, may lead to the better closing of the wound surface.

Background and Objectives: Cleft palat is one of the most common congenital disorders.There is association between cleft and some disease, such as hearing loss. Hearing loss due to serosa otitis was seen in more than 90% of cleft patients. Unfortunately Hearing loss delay diagnosis and treatment cause irreversible complications, the aim of this study is determination of etiology and frequency of hearing loss in cleft patients.Materials and Methods: 101 cleft children which admitted in Tabriz children Hospital "between 2004-2007 during in cross sectiontial study examined and children Hearing threshold screening was done by audiometry tests for all of patients. All of data analyzed by t-test and chi-square in SPSS.Results: Hearing loss due to serosa otitis and congenital sensorineural hearing loss frequently is common in cleft lip &palate patients.Conclusion: 101 cleft children studied. (57 boys and 44 girls) The mean age of boys 4116monthand mean age of girls 29.34 months. (P<0.005) 34 patients had Isolated cleft palate (11 boys and 23 girls), 7 patients had isolated cleft lip (2 boys, 5 girls). 60 patients had cleft lip & palate, (43boys, 17 girls) 25 patients of isolated cleft palate, 2 patients of isolated cleft lip and 43 patients of cleft lip palate had serosa otitis. 2 patients had sensorineural hearing loss. One of these patients referred to choclear implant and other use hearing aid. Hearing loss due to several reasons is common between cleft patients so screening necessary for all cleft patients before children loss verbal development time.

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is one the most common chronic diseases in developed and developing countries, and its cardiovascular complications can be induced lipid disorders; one of the suspected mechanisms of tea consumption in prevention of cardiovascular complications is its effect on lipid prifile. This study was aimed to examine the effect of total and different fractions of Iranian black orthodox tea on blood lipid profile in type I diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 56 male rats which were randomly divided in to 8 groups (7 rats in each group, the range of weight: 200 - 250 gr). Group 1 and 2 were non-diabetic, groups 3 - 8 were diabetic, and diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). Groups 1 to 8 was received carrier, total extract, carrier, total extract, methanol fractions of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% plus 100% respectively. In the end of study blood lipid profile was measured. Data were analyzed by using one and two ways ANOVA and nested variance.Results: Triglyceride was reduced in total extract received diabetic group (p=0.045). 20% fraction of black tea significantly decreased triglyceride (p=0.004), total cholesterol (p=0.000) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.000) more than other groups. There was no significant differences between groups that received total extract and fractions according HDL cholesterol levels (p>0.05).Conclusion: It can be concluded that injection of total extract and 20% fraction of black tea had positive effect on blood lipid profile in diabetic rats. Therefore consumption of black tea might prevent cardiovascular diseases from diabetes complications.

Background and Objects: In Iran, like many other countries, coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death. In recent decades there has been a significant decrease in the prevalence and fatality rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) attributable to both, a decreased prevalence of major risk factors and development of new therapies. The aim of this study is to evaluate such evolutions and their effect on mortality and morbidity of AMI during the past 20 years.Methods & Materials: Records of 600 AMI patients hospitalized in Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz during the past two decades (I986 to 2005) were evaluated in an analytic-descriptive study. Patients' general characteristics, risk factors, complications, treatments, and in-hospital mortality rate were assessed. The patients were categorized in three groups: years 1986-I992 (majority with medical therapy without reperfusion), years 1993-I998 (beginning of thrombolytic therapy in our center), 1999-2005 (beginning of angioplasty in our center), 200 patients in each one. The mentioned parameters were compared between the 3 groups.Results: Six hundred patients, 440 (73.3%) males and 160 (26.7%) females with the mean age of 60.03±1.61 years enrolled in the study. The mean age (p<0.001), frequency of hyperlipidemia (p=0.001), ventricular fibrillation and/or tachycardia beyond second day of AMI (p=0.024), prescription of beta-blockers (p<0.001), ACEIs (p<0.001), streptokinase (p<0.001) and PTCA (p<0.00l) showed significant increase during this period. On the other hand, the mean duration of hospitalization (p<0.001) and frequency of smoking (p<0.001) decreased significantly during the past two decades. There was no significant changes regarding the mortality (p=0.533) and heart failure (p=0.403) rates.Conclusion: Our results showed a significant improvement in management of patients with AMI. According to international guidelines in our center; however, inadequate use of coronary reperfusion strategies has led to a relatively fixed rate of mortality and major complications in the past two decades.

Background and Objectives: BCC is the most common malignancy of the skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate secondary intention healing (SIH) as a method in approach to defects remaining after excision of BCC lesions of the scalp and to evaluate efficacy and complications of this method.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 15 patients with BCC's on their scalps have been evaluated and their wounds have been managed by SIH. A course of several follow up visits at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 6 months after surgery have been arranged for them.Complications, process of wound healing, recurrence and patient satisfaction of cosmetic result of the surgery have been questioned and examined and entered to check-lists.Results: Recurrence occurred in one patient who had history of radiotherapy. In one patient granulation tissue formed with delay. The mean lesion diameter was 3.71±0.46 cm and there were a direct relation between lesion diameter and time period between beginning of symptoms and patients referral to dermatologist (P=0.001). All of the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results of the surgery. There was only one case of infection that was not severe.Conclusions: Wound management with SIH is useful in approach to scalp BCC lesions and has acceptable rate of recurrence and complications. Reintroduction of this method can cause more accurate decision-makings and may reduce time and money spending.

Background and Objectives: During the initial stages of an emergency, using emergency food products (EFP) is very important due to no access to cooking utensils and appliances, ruin of foundations and displacement of people which uprooted from their homes. The emergency food products (EFP), a term used to cover a range of products such as fortified biscuits, compressed food bars and nutrient dense pastes that are transported easily and can be consumed immediately.The objective of this project was formulation of emergency biscuit which cover daily requirements to energy, protein and micronutrients and improvement of sensory property of resulting biscuit.Materials and Methods: In this study, biscuits (with different formulations) were produced according to the EFP nutrients table which prepared by IOM. These emergency biscuits should satisfies all nutrient requirements (energy, protein, vitamins and minerals) for a population of all ages over 6 months for initial crisis phase and appropriate for use as the sole source of food materials for up to 15 days.For this purpose, five type formulations were prepared and then sample that had better technological feathers was select. Sensory evaluation of the emergency biscuits was performed by a 100 members taste panel that was selected from students and employers of Tabriz University.Results: The results of the work showed that there was not significant differences between emergency biscuit and convenient biscuit produced by same manufacturer (p>0.05).Conclusions: The formulated emergency biscuit had relatively good acceptability and could be used in emergency situations.

Background and Objective: A wide range of molds (e.g. Aspergillus sp. Penicillium sp. Fusarium sp. are enable to produce fungal toxins (Mycotoxins) such as Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, Zearalenones, Ochratoxins and etc with harmful effect on human health. Information on the fungal contamination of consumed rice in Iran is limited and this kind of contamination is important for food hygiene and safety and therefore, a survey was undertaken to determine the fungal contamination of consumed rice of East Azarbaidgjan.Materials & Methods: A total of ISOsamples were obtained using standard 20 cm collection sond from local silos, whole sail store and stores in different part of East Azarbaidgjan. Samples were cultured in YCFA medium and incubated at 25oC for maximum 3 weeks and a screening survey for positive samples was carried out.Results: 137 (90%) out of total 150 samples had fungal contamination more than 104 colony forming units/gram (cfu/g). Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Mucoracae, Helminthosporium sp., Cladosporium sp., Rhodotorula rubra, Derchslera sp., Paecilomyces sp., Candida sp., Trichotecium sp., Gliocladium sp., and Acremonium SP., were the most frequently detected microorganisms throughout the survey.Conclusion: The presence of moulds such Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Mucoracae, and ... in rice can lead to the presence of mycotoxins produced by these moulds and then could result in serious toxicity and illness in humans. As the fungal contamination has a strong influence on the ultimate quality of rice, rice end products and food safety, more attention to the quality of consumed rice are necessary.

Background and objective: Obese individuals are at high risk for developing endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions. Among the endocrine derangements of obesity is hyperparathyroidism, believed to promote weight gain in obese subjects. Therefore the aim of this cross sectional study was to investigate serum Parathyroid Hormone concentration and its relationship with body composition and nutritional status in obese and none obese women.Materials and Methods: 86 healthy reproductive age women (17-50 years) with no history of hepatic or renal disorders, Diabetes and Hypertension and no consumption of vitamin D and calcium supplements were participated in the study. They were separated into two experimental groups based on Body Mass Index: obese group with stage 1 and 2 obesity (BMI: 30-34.9 and 35-39.9 kg/m2 respectively) and none obese group with normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 Body composition was analyzed by BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analyser) method.Serum PTH and alkaline phosphates was measured by Enzyme linked immunoassay technique (ELISA) and Enzymatic method respectively. Serum Calcium and Phosphorous were measured colorimetrically. Dietary energy and nutrient intakes were analyzed by NUTRITIONIST III Software.Results: Body composition and anthropometric parameters were significantly different between two groups (P<0.001); However, There was no significant difference between mean daily energy and nutrient intakes. Obese women have significantly higher serum PTH than non obese women (P<0.05). Serum calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase was not significantly different. We found a significant positive relationship between serum PTH and BMI, kilograms of body fat, body fat percent and waist circumference and a significant negative relationship between serum PTH with percent of fat free mass and total body water (kg) (p<0.05).Conclusion: Serum PTH in obese women is higher than none obese women; So it is necessary to follow serum PTH level in obese individuals.

Background and Objectives: Results of renal biopsy varies based on geographic areas, race and age. There is few data about renal biopsy on children in our area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of renal biopsies in Children's Hospital of Tabriz, and compare the results with available medical literature.Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional and descriptive study we analysed 73 renal biopsies on children under 14 years of age, between 1999 and 2006.The results of histopathologic evaluation, its impact on diagnosis and treatment and outcome of patients were studied.Results: The primary clinical diagnoses of patients were nephritic syndrome (NS), acute nephritic syndrome, renal failure, henoch schonlein nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and recurrent gross hematuria in order of decreasing frequency. The histopathological diagnosis in order of descending frequency were: diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis(GN) (22%), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (19.1%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (16.2%), membranoproliferative GN (11.8%), focal proliferative GN(11.8%), Finnish type congenital NS (7.3%), crescentic GN (5.9%) , nephronophtysis (4.4%) and diffuse mesangial sclerosis(1.47%). Diagnosis was changed in 31% and mode of therapy changed in 44% of patients after biopsy. In long-term follow up 49.3% of patients recovered, 23.4% developed chronic renal failure and 11% died.Conclusion: The indications and results of renal biopsies in this study were similar to other worldwide published studies. But in comparison with the western countries the frequency of IgA nephropathy was lower, maybe due to few diagnostic facilities, and the frequency of Finnish type congenital NS was higher.

Background and Objectives: Bone fracture is known as a major health problem today and animal studies have shown that zinc deficiency results in reduced bone growth, bone volume and force required for breaking .accordingly this study was designed to assess nutritional status, serum zinc concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase as an enzyme that is dependent on zinc and needed for bone modeling ، in patients with bone fracture.Material and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study, were conducted on 71 patients with traumatic long bone fracture referred to shohada hospital of Tabriz. Nutritional intake was determined by using 3 day food records, physical activity،individual and clinical information by questionnaire and weight and height of subjects were measured by scale. Serum zinc concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and serum alkaline phosphatase by using pars azemoon kit. data were analyzed by using analytical and descriptive statistical methods.Results: Of total 71 patients 47 people were male and 24 female. Mean energy and dietary zinc intake were 2385 kcal and 4.82 mg/day, respectively that meet only 54% and 43.5% of zinc RDA in female and male. Respectively, that was significantly lower than dietary recommendation values. Mean serum zinc concentration in these patients was lower than normal values and was significant but serum alkaline phosphatase was in normal range. dietary zinc intake was correlated with dietary intake of protein, fat, calcium, phosphor and magnesium, significantly. However Zinc serum hadn’t significant correlation with age, BMI, smoking status and serum alkaline phosphates’ concentration and dietary zinc.Conclusion: Based the finding of this study, nutritional status and serum zinc concentration in patients with traumatic bone fractures were lower than normal range. Therefore nutritional education to intake of zinc rich foods with calcium and high intake of these foods when bone fracture happened to improve for fracture healing, is suggested.

Focal epithelial hyperplasia ( Heck disease) is a rare benign and contagious lesion that first time was reported in children of Eskimos and American Indian. Up to now only one case report of this lesion has been reported from Iran. High incidence of this lesion among family members indicates infectious pathogenesis. Human papilloma virus (subtype 13 and 32) has known as cause of this lesion. FEH usually characterizes by multiple soft nodules and papules in the oral mucosa specially on lips, buccal mucosa and the lateral border of the tongue. This article reports the first case of FEH in Tabriz and the second one in Iran.

During Iran-Iraq war, the Iraq army used chemical weapons against Iranian soldiers and civilians several times. Several short time and long time complications have been reported in victims. Malignancies are one of the most important complications. Our case is a 66 year-old woman exposed to sulfur mustard gas in Sardasht, Iran in 1987. She experienced several pulmonary, ocular and skin signs and symptoms. Two years later she noticed an ulcer on her face that was slowly growing and then several other ulcers appeared on her face in a few years that have pathologic features of Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Malignant primary cardiac tumors are rare and have dismal prognosis. we report a 48-year-old man with dyspnea, chest pain and cough. He underwent sternotomy and open cardiac surgery and resection of heart mass. Pathology report was malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. This is the first report in our university.

Since 2000 urinary iodine concentration (UIC) has been measured in East Azerbaijan. For the first time in 2003 the median of UIC was decreased drastically. For the evaluation of Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) program two studies were designed. In the first study UIC in children, aged 8-10 and in the second study iodine content of salt samples in factories was measured. Median UIC in 2003 was 68mg/l and in 2004 was 65mg/l. As well the mean of iodine content in salt samples was 12.37 ppm. Median UIC in 2005 was increased to 107 mg/l and after 1 year it was reached to 119 mg/l. The mean of iodine content in salt samples was elevated to 25.19 ppm & 32.36 ppm in 2005 and 2006 respectively. In 2003 and 2004 mild iodine deficiency was shown and in 2005 & 2006 it was in optimal range. There was probable correlation between urinary iodine concentration and iodine content in salt. Past experiences are made show that (IDD) could be returned easily. For sustainable and effective program we need regular monitoring activities.