Journal of Diabetes Nursing
Year:2021 | Volume:9 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

Introduction: Diabetes-related complications and problems affect the quality of life of diabetic patients. The present study aimed to make a comparison between the effectiveness of stress management and acceptance and commitment therapy on blood sugar control and quality of life in patients with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study was all patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Milad Specialized and Sub-Specialized Hospital in Tehran in 2020. After the assessment of the inclusion criteria, 45 subjects were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups (n=15 in each group). The stress management group received 12 sessions, while the acceptance and commitment group attended eight 90-min sessions. Research data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (1996) and fasting blood sugar test. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using a mixed analysis of variance test. Results: Based on the results, stress management intervention and acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on blood sugar control and quality of life components in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0. 05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the effect of stress management and the acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life and blood sugar control (P>0. 05). The mean post-test and follow-up scores of mental health demonstrated a higher increase in the acceptance and commitment group, compared to those in the stress management group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the present study, both stress management methods and commitment therapy can be used to improve quality of life and control blood sugar among patients with type II diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetes, as the most common disease caused by metabolic disorders, is a major global challenge and one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Accordingly, the attainment of proper knowledge and behaviors can reduce the complications of this disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of education on knowledge, nutritional behaviors, and quality of life of diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 144 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (72 cases per group) in Zabol, Iran. The patients were selected out of those who were referred to diabetes and health centers. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that was administered at pretest and posttest. Subsequently, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) through the relevant statistical tests. Results: In the case group, there was a significant relationship between age and knowledge, quality of life and behaviors, marital status and quality of life, history of disease and knowledge, as well as the method of education with knowledge and quality of life before intervention. After the intervention, the quality of life showed a significant relationship with age, gender, education level, and occupational status (P<0. 05). In the control group, the knowledge revealed a significant association with age, education level, occupational status, marital status, history of diseases, income, body mass index, and method of education before the intervention (P<0. 05). Moreover, there was a relationship between the history of disease and quality of life, as well as the method of education and self-care behaviors (P<0. 05). After the educational intervention, the results revealed the relationship of the method of education with knowledge and self-care behaviors (P<0. 05). Among the main variables of the study, in the case group, the quality of life was significantly associated with self-care behaviors after the educational intervention (P<0. 05). The two groups were significantly different in terms of knowledge (after educational intervention), behaviors, and quality of life before and after the intervention (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Health education promotes the patients' quality of life and selfcare behaviors; moreover, it prevents disease complications that can cause disability, mortality, and socioeconomic problems in society.

Introduction: Public stigma is one of the important consequences of living with diabetes. The present study aimed to compare and assess diabetesrelated public stigma and diabetes knowledge of first and seventh-semester undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, first and seventh-semester undergraduate students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of 209 were selected by random sampling. All volunteered students who returned the study consent form completed three questionnaires, including demographic characteristics, diabetes-related public stigma, and diabetes knowledge. A number of 16 experts assessed the face and content validity of questionnaires after translation and back translation. Content validity ratio was estimated at 0. 64 for both questionnaires, while content validity indices of 0. 87, and 0. 88 were calculated for diabetes knowledge and diabetes-related public stigma, respectively. The results were analyzed in SPSS statistical software (version 24). Results: A total of 106 first-semester students participated in the study, the majority of whom (64. 2%) were female. Moreover, 106 seventh-semester students participated in the study, the majority of whom (67. 9%) were female. The mean scores of knowledge and stigma in first semester students were obtained at 11. 23 (0. 36) and 8. 19 (0. 53), respectively, and in seventhsemester students, these scores were reported as 13. 97 (0. 42) and 8. 83 (0. 56), respectively. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, seventh-semester students scored higher in the diabetes knowledge questionnaire, as compared to first-semester students. Nevertheless, the public stigma scores of the two groups were not significantly different. These findings suggested that knowledge improvements alone cannot contribute to stigma changes, and multidimensional interventions may be needed to overcome diabetesrelated stigma.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and various factors are involved in the incidence of CAD and the mortality caused by this disease. Diabetes is one of the risk factors of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of hypertension on admission on the inhospital mortality rate of patients with ACS. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 246 patients with acute coronary syndrome hospitalized at the cardiac intensive care unit of Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol, Sistan and Balouchestan, Iran. Patients were divided into two groups based on their blood glucose at admission, namely the group with a blood sugar of ≥ 200 mg/dl and the group with a blood glucose of < 200 mg/dl. The rate of cardiovascular complications and morbidity were assessed in the two groups during hospitalization. The required data were collected using information forms and finally analyzed in SPSS software (version 22). Results: Out of 246 patients with the mean age of 62. 8± 6. 5 years, 166 (67. 5%) subjects were male and 106 (43%) patients were in the first group with a blood glucose of ≥ 200 mg/dl at admission. The frequency of history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, body mass index, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, serum troponin, left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in the first group. Furthermore, the rates of cardiovascular events including acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, stroke, and in-hospital mortality were significantly higher in the first group. Despite the higher incidence of death in patients with high blood sugar, previous history of diabetes had no effect on increasing the mortality rate. Conclusion: preventive measures, such as regular screening of at-risk population and early diagnosis and control of diabetes, can prevent such cardiovascular complications as acute coronary syndromes and their related mortalities and avoid imposing more economic, social, and medical burden on societies.

Introduction: Considering the accelerated development of type II diabetes and the role of cognitive factors, such as cognitive fusion and emotions, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on cognitive fusion, as well as positive and negative affect in women with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all women with diabetes referred to the Diabetes Center in Birjand, Iran, in the second half of 2018. In total, 30 cases were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Acceptance and commitment intervention was performed in eight 90-min sessions. The required data were collected using a 7-item Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire by Gillander et al. and a 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule by Watson et al. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) through multivariate analysis of covariance. A p-value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of cognitive fusion and positive and negative affect in type 2 diabetic patients (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy is effective in reducing cognitive fusion and negative affect and increasing positive affect in patients with type II diabetes.

Introduction: Older adults, especially those with diabetes, are more vulnerable to infectious diseases due to relative immunodeficiency and underlying disease, and are prone to Covid-19 for a variety of reasons. Of course, these conditions cause many adverse effects on the physical health of the elderly, one of which is pressure sores. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the studies performed on the prevention and management of pressure ulcers in diabetic elderly with Covid-19. Materials and Methods: This study was performed as a narrative review initially, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Clinical Key, Medline and SID databases were selected for search according to the specified keywords, and 390 related studies were found. This search was conducted in English and Persian and from this number, 14 studies that were eligible for inclusion in the study were selected and analyzed. Results: Diabetic older adults with Covid-19 are more prone to pressure ulcers due to severe inflammation, vascular complications, immobility, supine position, and respiratory connections. Changes in insulin levels as well as changes in cytokine levels play a role in increasing inflammation and pressure ulcers. Conclusion: Diabetes management, the use of advanced dressings, prevention of dehydration, changing the position of the elderly, monitoring the patient's respiratory connections and proper nutrition are all involved in preventing pressure ulcers.