Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning
Year:2021 | Volume:13 | Issue:3|Papers Count:6

Nowadays, universities are known as the main context of thinking and contemplation and students have an essential role in the development of society. Therefore, factors affecting educational and research performance are of great importance. One of these factors can be mental imagery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PETTLEP imagery on the bilateral transfer of handball skills. The statistical sample included BSc students in physical education in University of Tehran, 24 of which participated in this research voluntarily. After taking part in the pretest, the participants were randomly divided into two groups of imagery with the dominant hand and non-dominant hand. Then PETTLEP imagery was applied to both groups for 12 sessions. A posttest similar to the pretest was done after the last session. This was followed by a retention test after 24 hours and then a transfer test in the form of handball triple shoot after 30 minutes. After ensuring the consistency of variances by the Leven test and normality of the data by the Shapiro-Wilk test, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and an analysis of variance with repeated measures with a significant level of α =. 05 were used. The results showed that intervention of PETTLEP imagery had a significant effect on skill transfer through the entire process (P≥ . 05). Thus, PETTLEP imagery causes the occurrence of bilateral transfer. Therefore, PEETLEP mental imagery is recommended to be used for the improvement of people's skills when employing bilateral transfer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual illusion on the learning of throwing skills in autism children. The research method was Quasi-experimental with repeated design and retention test. The statistical sample of this study included 33 about 10-year-old children who were available and randomly selected. They were divided into three groups: larger circle perceptions, smaller circle perceptions and control group. The tool used in this study was the Ebbinghaus illusion displayed on the ground and the beanbags for throwing from down of shoulder to the goal. At first, the participants performed ten trials at the pre-test phase. Then, in the acquisition phase, 10 blocks of 10 trials were completed. 48 hours after the last session of the acquisition, a retention test was performed for 10 trials for each participant. To analyze the data, mixed analysis of variance analysis with repeated measures, one way analysis of variance and Tukey's follow-up were used. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the groups both in the acquisition phase and in the retention phase, which this difference was in favor of the larger circle's perception group. Overall, the results of this study showed that a simple perceptual manipulation can increase motor learning in children with autism. Therefore, it is suggested to educators and sports practitioners to use this variable to improve performance and training sessions.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of skill level matching in cooperative dyadic interactional practice on learning of forehand table tennis skill in adolescent girls. in a semi experimental method, 24 females (14-16ys) were selected by convenience sampling method from junior high school in Nahavand and were divided into two groups as Novice-Novice and Novice-skilled. Both groups performed five sessions of cooperative dyadic training with their arrangement (novice-novice and novice-skilled); each session consisted of 20 sets, which lengthened 3-minutes with a 1-minute time break between each set. Using table tennis forehand shot accuracy test, their forehand performance was measured in the pre-test, post-test, retention and transfer stages. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to investigate the natural distribution of gathered data. Then, combined analysis of variance test and appropriate post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that both Novice-Novice and Novice-skilled groups showed significant improvement of forehand table tennis skills (p<. 05). Also, the Novice-skilled performed better in the acquisition, retention and transfer stages than the Novice-Novice group (p<. 05). The present finding suggests that the Novice-skilled arrangement was better than other method for learning of forehand table tennis skill during cooperative dyadic training because they benefit from optimized model observation and other related challenges and strategies during the practice.

Finding the best teaching method is an issue that has attracted the attention of many researchers, researchers in behavioral sciences and sports today. In order to discuss this, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TGFU, the combination, and SE on individual and team creativity in comparison to the traditional method in futsal games. The statistical population of this study was all children aged 9-12 years in Ahvaz (M age= 10. 74 and SD= 1. 42). The interventions were designed for futsal skills, so four groups of Participants (20 people in each group) practiced SE, TGFU, the combination and linear methods. The test of team and individual creativity was performed using film analysis. Exercises were presented for two months in 16 sessions, one and a half hours each. The results showed that for individual creativity in the post-test, differences between groups were not significant for inappropriate actions but significant for appropriate actions. Moreover, for creative and original actions as well as team creativity TGFU, the combination, SE and linear groups had the most progress, respectively. In all variables, the difference between TGFU and linear (p <0. 05) and the combination and linear (p <0. 05) was significant. The results of this study showed the effectiveness of the TFGU and combined methods compared to the linear method, which can be used in schools and kindergartens.

Sports injuries are one of the most difficult and dangerous experiences athletes face during their sporting activities. Even after recovery, psychological factors such as fear of movement and anxiety would affect-return to exercise. The aim of the present study was to compare fear of re injury and pain related anxiety in athletes with and without a history of experimental professional skeletal muscle injury. The study was an applied and quasi-male athletes in different fields of sport, thirty of whom had a history of musculoskeletal injury who had been in the field for at least two months. The sampling method was iety research. Sixthly professional and semi-accessible and purposeful. Fear of movement and pain-r-elated anx questioner used in this study. The data were analyzed using independent t test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between two groups of athletes with and without a history of injury(p≤ 0. 05). Fear of reinjure and pain related anxiety scores in group with a history of injure were higher than those without a history of injury. Therefore, It is necessary to identify important cognitive factors involved in pain perception and the existence of appropriate rehabilitation programs to improve the mental and post-traumatic mental involvement of athletes is essential.

This study aimed to compare the effect of local indigenous games and dynamic cortyard on cognitive function, physical literacy, and academic achievement of children aged 8 to 12. Participants were 60 male elementary school students with an average age of 10. 32± 2. 43. The research was conducted in four phases; including: Pre-test, Training in local indigenous games and dynamic courtyard, Posttest, and Follow-up. The dependent variables included cognitive function, physical literacy and academic achievement, which were assessed using n-back task, Canadian physical literacy, and academic self-efficacy questionnaire, respectively. The local indigenous games training consisted of twelve traditional-indigenous games that relied highly on motor activity and interpersonal interactions. In addition, the control group performed dynamic courtyard training that included some predetermined activity. After ensuring the normal distribution of data by shapiro-wilk test, the descriptive statistics and statistical procedures of Mixed ANOVA 2*3 and Bonferroni post-hoc were utilized to analyze data. The results indicated that the amount of cognitive function for the local indigenous games group was higher than the control group (F= 14. 49, p=0. 001). In addition, the physical literacy of the local indigenous games group increased more than the control group (F=70. 53, p=0. 001). Moreover, academic achievement points for the local indigenous games group and the control group in the pre-test to post-test were enhanced (F=34. 44, p=0. 01), but this increase was higher in the local indigenous games group (t=2. 17, p=0. 03). The results of this study suggests the local indigenous games as a better model in compared to the dynamic courtyard model for improving cognitive function, physical literacy, and academic achievement.