Payesh
Year:2021 | Volume:20 | Issue:6|Papers Count:10

Objective (s): Hospital accreditation is “ an external evaluation of a hospital by an independent professional accreditation body using pre-established optimal structural, process and outcome standards” . The Iranian hospital accreditation program faces some challenges. This study aimed to identify the Iranian hospital accreditation method challenges and provide suggestions for their improvement. Methods: This qualitative study was performed using semi-structured interviews in 2019. Using a pluralistic evaluation approach, 151 policy makers, managers and employees, accreditation surveyors, and academics from ministry of health, medical universities, hospitals and health insurance companies were purposively recruited and interviewed. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Overall, 27 challenges and 17 solutions were identified and grouped into five categories including accreditation time, accreditation method, accreditation duration, accreditation feedback, and accreditation certificate. Giving insufficient time to hospitals to implement accreditation standards, different evaluation methods of evaluators, inefficiency of self-assessment and periodic evaluation, failure to provide detailed feedback to hospitals, lack of supporting hospitals, and a lack of public announcement of results were the main challenges. Some solutions for overcoming these challenges were as setting a specific time frame for accreditation, using a scientific and patient-centered method for evaluation, improving surveyors' knowledge and skills, independence of the accreditation organization, providing detailed feedback to hospitals, determining a two-year validity for accreditation certificate and public announcement of hospitals’ accreditation results. Conclusion: Iran's hospital accreditation method faces several challenges. Improving the accreditation evaluation method can increase the credibility and reliability of Iranian hospital accreditation results.

Objective(s): The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of authentic leadership and organizational bullying on job alienation with the mediating role of organizational culture among faculty members of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This was a descriptive study using the structural equation modeling. A random sample of faculty members of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences participated in the study. To collect the data four standard questionnaires were used to assess the variables of authentic leadership, organizational bullying, organizational culture, and job alienation. The structural equation modeling (partial least square-pls) was used to determine the effect of authentic leadership, organizational bullying on job alienation, with the mediating role of organizational culture. Results: The results showed that reliable leadership has no direct effect on job alienation of faculty members of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, but the results were significant with the mediating role of organizational culture. Also, organizational bullying did not show significant direct effect on job alienation. The indirect effect of organizational bullying on job alienation became significant with the mediating role of organizational culture. Conclusions: Authentic leadership and organizational bullying due to organizational culture has an effect on job alienation among university faculty members.

Introduction: Bread as a staple food, especially wheat bread is a main source of energy consumption in large number of population in the globe as well as Iran. Some researches stated that the amount of bread wastage is about 30% in Iran. there isn’ t any general research with comprehensive picture of bread wastage in Iran. Objective: It is necessary to design a systematic review study to bring holistic figure on substantial reason of bread waste for policy makers to improve the Iranian food security. Method: systematic review was performed with key words of bread wastage, quality, type, traditional, industrial production, Iran in the international PubMed, Google Scholar) and Iranian data base SID, CIVILICA، GANJ in 2021. The inclusion criteria were: study the reason and results only for bread wastage, the relevance of the articles with the title, the language of articles English or Persian, availability the full text of articles. sensitivity analysis was employed. Results: out of 441 articles, 25 articles (1 in English and 24 in Persian language) get good quality to extract the data during (2001-2021) years printed in scientific local and international sources. 48% of studies conducted in laboratories and 52% was performed in community at both consumer’ s part and bakeries or Industrial producers. The most proportion of bread waste in all types was seen in bakeries that received subsides to buy flour. community investigation demonstrated the considerable effect of consumers’ knowledge in transport, preserve and bread consumption on diminish the amount of bread waste. Conclusion: According to the consumer’ s behavior the willingness to pay shows upward rate for high quality breads which is the principal reason for decreasing bread waste. These consequences primarily observed in private bakeries. consequences elucidate the necessary of reform by policymakers in bread production and consumption sectors in Iran.

Objective (s): Evidences from various studies through the world reports experiences similar to hallucinations in people without a specific disease. This perception is called extrasensory perception, pseudo hallucination and paranormal cognition in scientific-research texts. The incidence and prevalence of extrasensory perception in different societies and the lack of information in educational programs of health service providers, indicate the necessity of appropriate criteria for diagnosing extrasensory perception from hallucinations and other sensory perception disorders. Differences in the causes and management of these situations increase the necessity of the issue. Methods: Review and qualitative study methods were used in different steps of the study. In the review study, relevant information was collected from scientific sources in the field of psychiatry and psychology and in the field of Islamic philosophy and mysticism. During a series of expert panels and based on documents from review study, different states of perception were identified and a "perceptual diagnostic algorithm and its spectrum without sensory stimulus" were designed. Results: Perceptual diagnostic algorithm is a tool to distinguish a person with experience of extrasensory perception from people with sensory perception disorders as well as normal sensory perception. Hallucination, extrasensory perception and revelation are categorized as perceptual experiences without the presence of sensory stimuli. These situations Based on these characteristics: awareness of the presence or absence of sensory stimuli, physical and mental health of the experiencer, awareness of the message of perceptual experience forms the spectrum of perception without sensory stimuli. Conclusion: The use of "perceptual diagnostic algorithm" and its spectrum without sensory stimulus" by physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, and counselors can meet the need to diagnose various sensory-related conditions in health system.

Objective (s): The present study aimed to examine a method focused on reacting based on the hidden meanings of overt behaviors and its effect on marriage adaptability. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. Participants were sixty clients referred to psychological and counseling centers in Karaj, Iran with marital adjustment problems. They were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of fifteen pairs: experimental and control groups. The Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), was used to collect information about research variables. Couples in the experimental group received a combination of self-monitoring and self-regulatory therapy for ten sessions to modify their communication actions. The control group only received the usual care. Results: The results showed that compared to the control group, marital adaptability significantly improved in the experimental group at post-treatment and at two-months follow-up assessments (p<0. 05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that method of reacting based on the hidden meanings of overt behaviors using the model of self-monitoring and self-regulation could be effective.

Objective (s): Lymphedema due to breast cancer is one of the most challenging complications of breast cancer treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Pilates combined with standard complete decongestive therapy (CDT) on heaviness and cardiorespiratory fitness in breast cancer patients with lymphedema. Methods: Thirty breast cancer patients with lymphedema were included in this randomized double-blind study. Patients were randomly and equally assigned into two groups: Pilates plus CDT group (n=15) and control group (CDT only). All patients were treated with CDT for six weeks (acute phase for 3weeks and maintenance phase for 3 weeks). Heaviness and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed by visual numerical scale and Rockport walking test respectively. Then, the changes and consequences were evaluated before and after treatment in both groups. Analysis of covariance was performed. Results: The mean age (SD) of patients in the study was 56. 3 (6. 1) years. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of clinical and demographic variables. The results showed that the severity of heaviness was significantly reduced in both treatment groups, but there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0. 37). Cardiopulmonary fitness (Vo2peak) increased before and after exercise intervention between control and experimental groups and a statistically significant difference was observed (p=0. 038). Conclusion: No adverse effect of Pilates exercise was observed among the participants in this study and the intervention improved the cardiorespiratory fitness. The results of current study suggest that Pilates can be considered as effective intervention along with CDT for treatment of lymphedema.

Objective (s): Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders associated with work that leads to important social and economic consequences such as reduced productivity due to absenteeism, early leave and retirement, missed working days, financial loss. Due to medical expenses and poor work ethic due to discomfort when working in the workforce, especially teachers. The aim of this study was to identify and explain the causes of occupational neck pain and promote preventive behaviors based on the health belief model in teachers. Methods: The was a qualitative study using the directed content analysis approach by telephone interviews with 25 high school teachers working Tehran, Iran, in 2020. Teachers were selected based on simple random sampling. Interview questions were designed based on the constructs of the health belief model and the information was analyzed using MAXQDA software. Results: Based on the health belief model the following factors including awareness, sensitivity and perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy emerged as effective factors causing occupational neck pain in teachers. Conclusion: Teachers expressed a number of reasons for neck pain experiencing. Due to the important role of teachers in educating children, adolescents and young people, their health should be considered a priority.

Objective (s): This research aimed to identify residential environment’ s characteristics, which are important how to adapt to new quarantine lifestyle. Methods: This was a cross section study. A sample of 813 individuals answered to an online questionnaire distributed on social media. The data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics, and a machine learning method named decision tree model. Results: Most of changes made by the residents have been applied in bedroom, living room, reception room, balcony and entrances. The satisfaction with the responsibility of house to quarantine conditions, used spaces and activities performed during the quarantine, color variety and the predominant color of the house, the possibility of exercising at house, and the type of house during the quarantine period were the most important characteristics that contributed to residents' adaptability with quarantine. Conclusion: House environmental conditions affect the level of adaptation of people to quarantine. Flexible living environments that might allow the residents to interact with each other could be more successful in helping people to adapt with confinement. In order to improve the adaption, the possibility of exercising at house, communication with nature and smart use of colors in indoor spaces and household density should be receive more attention.

Objective(s): This study aimed to review Persian biomedical literature on psychometric properties of health literacy measures in Iran. Methods: The Scientific Information Database (SID) and Google Scholar were searched using the keyword ‘ health literacy’ in the titles of the articles. First, duplicate articles were removed from the search list. Then, articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Finally, information about the health literacy measures including development or psychometric evaluation in Persian literature were extracted and presented in relevant tables. Results: In all, 600 articles were identified. After excluding duplicates and papers that did not meet inclusion criteria, 26 articles were included in the review. Of these, 17 articles reported on the development of a health literacy measure. These measures assessed health literacy among general populations, specific populations, or specific topics. The remaining nine articles reported translation and psychometric properties of a number of known measures, including the TOFHLA, the STOHFLA, the NVS, the FCCHL, the OHLI, the MHLAP, the RELAM, and the Health Literacy Scale for Women of Reproductive Age. Conclusion: The results indicated that the development of a new health literacy measure was more prevalent among Iranian investigators instead of using existing measures. In addition, improper reporting on the development and psychometric evaluation of measures was evident.