JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2021 | Volume:14 | Issue:3 (54)|Papers Count:8

Inroduction & Objective: The importance of histophysiological and histochemical study of the uterus, cervix and vagina in mammals is due to pathological examinations of these organs in infectious and metabolic diseases and infertility treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the histophysiological and histochemical features of these organs in guinea pigs. Materials and Methods: Five female guinea pigs with mean weight were obtained from laboratory animal breeding center and after sampling, Samples were stained by Hematoxin-Eosin, Periodic acid Schiff and alcian blue methods and then histological and histochemical properties of samples were samples were studied by light microscope. Results: The horn and the body of the uterus in general have three layers of endometrium, myometrium and primetrium. The endometrical epithelium in the uterine horn consists of simple cubic cells and it consists of simple cubic cells and simple columnar cells in the body of uterus. The endometrium has many coiled tubular glands. In the body and horn, the myometrium has 2 layers of longi tudinal and circular smooth muscle from outside to inside. The cervical mucosa has simple columnar cells. And has 3 types of folds: primary, Secondary and tertiary folds. Among the columnal cells, a large number of mucus secreting goblet cells are seen. The squomous vaginal epithelium is stratified stratum Corneum. no glands were observed in mucosal layer of the vagina. Conclusion: The results show that the anatomical a tissue structure of Guinea pig uterus, cervix and vagina, despite minor differences, are very similar to other mammals.

Inroduction & Objective: Scorpion venom sometimes causes the production of pro inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2, as a mediator of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. On the other hand, cyclosporine has cytokine inhibitory properties, especially interleukin-2. The aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the drug intervention to control and treat histopathological liver tissue failure caused by the harmful mechanisms of scorpion sting inflammation by injection of cyclosporine and Odontobuthus doriae scorpion venom. Material and Method: This study was performed in Razi Serum and Vaccine Institute of Karaj and in this study male mice in 5 groups of 10; The first group of normal saline, The second group has only one sublethal dose of venom and groups 3, 4 and 5 in addition to one sub-lethal dose of venom, Cyclosporine was given at doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg/day, respectively. Serum levels of interleukin-2, Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase and liver tissue changes were determined by sampling liver tissue. Results: Venom injection significantly increased the serum levels of interleukin-2 (P <0. 05), Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase and treatment with cyclosporine showed a significant decrease in the serum levels of interleukin-2 (P <0. 05) and Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase. Histological studies showed improvement in edema, hemorrhage, and hepatic hyperemia in the groups after cyclosporine injection compared with the venom group Conclusion: Cyclosporine treatment significantly reduces the effects of scorpion venom on interleukin-2 levels, as well as the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and liver tissue injury.

Inroduction & Objective: Trypanosoma evansi induced trypanosomiasis causes infection in domestic mammals as well as humans. Treatment of trypanosomiasis has limitations, including resistance to chemical drugs. The aim of this study was to identify active natural products and compare the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of neem seeds and bitter olives against the resistant agent of this disease in the liver organ of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Material and Methods: After collecting and identifying neem and Bakain seeds plants, hydroalcoholic extract was prepared from their seeds by Perkoleh method and after concentrating 100-500 mg / kg of rat weight peritoneally to male rats infected with 3×10 Trypanosoma evansi were injected for 3 days. Routine method was used to determine the number of noises. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP were measured. Tissue pathology tests of. Histopathological liver tests were performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Statistical evaluation was performed using ANOVA analysis of variance and Prism software and the error 7 limit of p <0. 05 was accepted as a significant difference. Results: Neem and Bakain seeds extracts both reduced the number of parasites and compared to the two extracts, the reducing effect of Bakain was greater than that of Neem. Congestion changes, fat degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, Necrosis and cell infiltration in the liver nephritis was higher of the control groups than the treated groups. Conclusion: The use of neem and Bakain seeds hydroalcoholic extracts of in a certain amount of herbal medicine is effective in trypanosomosis (soda).

Inroduction & Objective: One of the biggest threats facing the aquaculture industry is bacterial infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics. Phage therapy is a reliable alternative to antibiotics to inactivate bacteria as major pathogens in the aquaculture industry. The aim of this study was to screen Vibrio species off the coast of Bushehr province and control this shrimp pathogen using phage. Material and Methods: For this study, water was sampled in 1398 from areas close to the coast of Bushehr province. Bacteria that cause Vibriosis were determined using biochemical tests and molecular sequencing. Bacterial selection was performed according to the results of antibiogram profiles of dominant bacteria and pathogens. TCBS was used to determine the phage titer of the culture medium and the plugs were counted 24 hours after incubation at 30 ° C. Results: 5 bacteria (Vibrio alginolyticus strain SeqID, Vibrio xuii strain Z-03Phage, Vibrio alginolyticus SZ / 10 gene, Vibrio rotiferianus strain SRPR-Phage, Vibrio harveyi strain Z05 were isolated from Bushehr wastewater contaminated waters). Vibrio alginolyticus strain SeqID was selected as the dominant bacterial species according to the results of antibiogram profile determination, growth halo diameter and bacterial biochemical test of the studied species. Based on the results of 16srDNA molecular analysis, the isolated strain of the bacterium was 100% similar to Vibrio alginolyticus. Based on the results of the host domain, Vibrio alginolyticus strain Samira Phage was able to form plugs. Conclusion: The isolated bacteriophage Vibrio alginolyticus strain Samira Phage had a bactericidal effect with a wide range against Vibrio bacteria identified from the shores of Bushehr, which indicates that this bacteriophage can be a good candidate for use in phage therapy Be against viberosis.

Inroduction & Objective: Increasing in temperature and drying of pastures cause water and nutritional stress to animals. In this study, resistance control genes in crossbred and native sheep were examined. Material and Methods: In this study, ten cross of Romanov native male lambs and ten purebred male native lambs in 4 treatments and 5 replications in each group were used. They are divided into two groups with normal and water restriction condition. At the end of the experiment, liver tissue samples were collected from slaughtered animals and it was kept in liquid nitrogen, to investigation of gene expression whole RNA was extracted and purified and the cDNA was synthesis. In the end Real Time PCR reaction were performed using specific primers. For statistical analysis we used randomized design as factorial analysis method using SAS 9. 2. Results: By extracting the genes, it was found that the expression of GPX1, TFAM, SIRT3, PRKAA1, NRT2 genes increased under stress in native sheep compared to crossbred sheep. Conclusion: The expression of GPX1, TFAM, NRF2, SIRT, PKAA1 genes in the liver of two groups of native and crossbred in normal and stress conditions indicate that Under stress, these four groups of genes act as oxidative process and store energy and prevent energy loss and protect the cell. Due to the genetic compatibility of native sheep with the drought conditions of the region, it makes the animal more resistant to heat and disease.

Inroduction & Objective: Lifestyle modification, including physical activity and the use of herbal supplements, is an important part of the health, prevention and treatment of obesity and it’ s associated with reduction in cardiovascular complications caused by obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on heart tissue structure in obese rats. Material and Method: To implementation of this experimental research, 25 male rats (5 healthy adult rats and 20 adults obese male Wistar rats) were randomly divided into five groups: control (healthy), obese, obese-garlic, obese-aerobic training and obese-garlic. Aerobic exercises were performed. Supplement groups received garlic supplementation at rate of 250 mg per kg body weight as daily gavage during the intervention period. Aerobic exercise was performed on treadmill, 5 days week for eight weeks. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed and heart tissue was removed. The changes of heart tissue, Muscle cells, necrosis, inflammation and hyperemia were assessed, the severity and degree of these changes were performed based on microscopic and photomicrographs observations. Results: The results showed that in obese rat’ s pathological changes of heart muscle and heart cells were observed in comparison with the control group. Aerobic training and consumption of garlic reduced pathological changes in heart muscle tissue and heart cells. Also, the interaction of aerobic training and garlic supplementation was associated with the improvement of tissue and cellular changes in heart tissue. Conclusion: According to the results, aerobic training with garlic supplementation can probably help improve changes in the structure of heart tissue during obesity.

Inroduction & Objective: Enzymes and food attractants are the ingredients used to improve the nutritional status of fish in recent years. In this experiment the effect of dietary administration of betaine and Natozim multi-enzyme on growth indices (Weight gain, SGR and FCR) and growth hormone gene expression (GH) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. Materials and Methods: For this purpose 180 fish with average weight of 19. 5± 0. 5 gr, were fed diets supplemented with 3 different levels of 0, 1 and 1. 5% in combination with 0, 250 and 500 mg/l for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, growth indices were assessed. RNA extracted from brain, cDNA synthesized using Suprime script RTase kit and Real-time PCR were done using GH primers. Results: Results showed no significant difference growth indices and GH expression gene in fish fed betaine (P>0. 05). However, with increasing the amount of Natozim multi-enzyme from 250 to 500 mg in the non-betaine condition, there was a significant increase (P <0. 05) in the weight gain, specific growth factor and growth gene expression, as well as the Food Conversion Rate. The best growth performance indices and growth gene expression were in combination treatments (500 mg of natozym and 1 and 1. 5% betaine) (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Regarding the results, it seems that the use of Natozim and betaine can help to improve growth by eliminating the effects of anti-nutrients and attracting fish to foods.

Inroduction & Objective: Regular exercise reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, choosing the type and intensity of training as a suitable model for further effectiveness is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training on oxidative stress induced by ischemia in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, thirty two male Wistar rats in the weight range of 220± 20g were used. After one week of adaptation to the new environment, mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=8): 1-Control group, 2-Isoproterenol group (ISO), 3-Endurance exercise group (EnEx) 4-Endurance exercise group + Isoproterenol (EnEx + ISO). EnEx and EnEx + ISO groups were undergoing endurance training for 8 weeks. At the end of the eighth week of training, Isoproterenol (85 mg / kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 2 consecutive days. Then, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured with special kits. Results: Results showed that cardiac ischemia significantly decreased antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) as compared to control and exercise groups, while eight weeks of endurance training before ischemia increased antioxidant enzymes activity and decreased the level of MDA in comparison to ischemia group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that endurance training can have a therapeutic effect against ischemia-related injuries by reducing oxidative stress and diminish ischemic heart disorders.