Journal of Health System Research
Year:2020 | Volume:16 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Background: In recent years, along with all-round advancements, the need for computer use has been dramatically increased. The computer industry has cut down the size of personal computers (laptops) for ease of use. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of ergonomically-designed laptop desk in different positions using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical, and interventional study. In this study, 17 male students and 17 female students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran, with the age range of 20-30 years old were studied. Their posture was assessed in three positions: sitting cross-legged, sitting on the chair, and lying down in two situations, without using a laptop desk and with using a laptop desk through RULA method. Findings: A significan difference was observed in the changes of the RULA score without using the ergonomic laptop desk and with using the desk in all three positions of use of the laptop desk (P < 0. 001), which revealed that use of the ergonomic laptop desk was effective in improving the sitting position of the user when using a laptop. The mean RULA variations in sitting cross-legged, sitting on the chair, and lying down were-1. 85,-1. 64, and-1. 79, respectively. There was a significant relationship between height and gender parameters with RULA variations. Conclusion: The ergonomically-designed laptop desk due to having the facility to adjust the height, the width, and the slope of the keyboard in 6 modes has the highest adaptability to the body's anthropometric dimensions in different modes of using laptop for users. The results of this study confirm the effectiveness of the ergonomic laptop desk in improving the position of users when using the laptop.

Background: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Kazdin Method for Parenting training on reduction of aggression, low-breaking, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in students. Methods: The study employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up quasi-experimental design with the control group. The population consisted of all boy first-to-third grade elementary students with ODD in educational district 3 of Isfahan City, Iran. They were selected via the stratified random sampling method, so that with the selection of 10 schools by Education Administration of District 3 of Isfahan in the academic year of 2017-2018, 230 boy first-to-third grade elementary students with ODD were listed. From among them, 30 students were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups based on a score higher than the cut-off point on the subscales of law-breaking and aggression according to the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a clinical interview conducted by school counselor. In this study, the Kazdin parenting educational intervention program was administered to the experimental group twice a week for twelve 1. 5-hour sessions. The data were analyzed via the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings: The Kazdin Method for Parenting had a significant effect on reduction in ODD (F = 20. 57, P = 0. 001) and also on the reduction in subscales of law-breaking (F = 29. 81, P = 0. 001) and aggression (F = 10. 33, P = 0. 001), and this effect remained constant in the follow-up stage Conclusion: . The Kazdin Method for Parenting reduces the ODD, aggression, and law-breaking, and also reduces the parent-child conflicts and it can be used as an effective interventional method for parents to reduce symptoms of ODD, aggression, and law-breaking.

Background: Obesity and its consequences threaten the general health of individuals. The results of studies suggest a possible role for sleep deprivation in increasing the prevalence of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep pattern and obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 395 students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, based on a multistage cluster random sampling method. Sleep pattern was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and height and weight were clinically measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Linear regression analysis was performed for analyzing data. Findings: One-fourth of the participants had BMI ≥ 25, and 40. 8% were poor-quality sleepers (PSQI > 5). Mean sleep duration was 6. 39 ± 1. 05 hours for participants. Among the men after controlling for age, socioeconomic status, and education level, a significant negative relationship was found between sleep duration and BMI [β =-0. 088, 95% confidence interval (CI):-0. 916,-0. 021, P = 0. 022] and this association was marginally significant in women (β =-0. 066, 95% CI:-0. 681, 0. 243, P = 0. 071). In addition, there was a significant negative relationship between sleep quality and BMI in men (β =-0. 139, 95% CI:-1. 328,-0. 007, P = 0. 008). Conclusion: The results indicate the possible role of sleep deprivation in increasing the prevalence of obesity and support the health development programs for promoting healthy sleep among students. However, more research is needed to confirm the findings.

Background: Preparation of ready-to-eat food by deep frying at a high temperature causes adverse chemical changes including oil oxidation, polymerization, and hydrolysis, in addition to absorbance of large amounts of oil. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of oil absorbed in ready-to-eat foods by measuring oxidation indices. Methods: In this descriptive study, 60 food samples including 26, 17, and 17 samples of fried potato, chicken, and mushrooms, respectively, were randomly collected from restaurants in different regions of Isfahan, Iran. Peroxide value was measured using spectrometer and acid and acidity values were determined by the method defined in national standard of Iran. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS software. Findings: Average values of peroxide, acid, and acidity of extracted oils were 6. 79 ± 1. 70 meq/kg, 4. 05 ± 0. 88 mg KOH/g, and 2. 04 ± 0. 33%, respectively. Overall, 66. 66% and 100% of samples had peroxide and acidity values higher than the standard limit. Fried chickens had the highest amount of acid value (P < 0. 050). The amount of peroxide in fried potatoes was higher than other samples. Conclusion: The measured oxidative values in fried potatoes, chicken, and mushrooms compared to other studies were less; however; they were more than the range defined in the national standard of Iran. It seems that continuous monitoring and implementation of health guidelines for the quality of the studied products is necessary by health authorities.

Background: Lack of attention to health literacy by health professionals in relation to clients affects the quality and success of health services. The present study aimed to investigate the knowledge and practice of health care providers in Bushehr City, Iran, regarding health literacy and applying its related strategies in the process of communication with patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study done on 91 health care careers in Bushehr. The samples were entered using a census method, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge and practice of healthcare providers about health literacy and applying related strategies in communication and education to clients. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS software. Findings: The level of knowledge of health care providers was weak about health literacy and its related strategies, and the status of performance and application of health literacy strategies in the process of communication and education to the clients was generally moderate. Health care providers with lower age (P = 0. 022), less work experience (P = 0. 009), contracted employment status (P = 0. 008), and higher education level (P = 0. 026) had better knowledge about the health literacy. Health care providers with higher levels of knowledge about health literacy strategies also had better performance in using these strategies in practice (P = 0. 017). Conclusion: Health care providers' knowledge about health literacy is weak, and there is moderate performance in applying health literacy strategies in the process of communication and education to the clients. Since health care providers who have a better understanding of health literacy strategies, use health literacy strategies more than others do; therefore, training courses is necessary to empower health care providers with the concept of health literacy and its effective role in patient education.

Background: The increase in solid waste is the result of rapid population growth and the development of industries, and recycling is the way out of this crisis. Successful implementation of recycling requires awareness and training of human societies. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and performance of housewives in Kouhdasht City, Iran, regarding solid waste recycling in 2019. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 403 housewives of Kouhdasht City were selected by multistage random sampling and completed the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Questionnaire about recycling. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, Fisher’ s exact test, and chi-square test. Findings: The mean age of the women was 33. 24 years. Knowledge about recycling was poor in 65. 5% of them, moderate in 33. 7%, and good in 0. 8%. In terms of attitude, 7. 4% were weak, 66. 0% were moderate, and 26. 6% were favorable. Performance was poor in 65. 5%, moderate in 33. 5%, and good in only 1%. Moreover, a strong positive linear relationship was observed between women's attitude and performance (r = 0. 626, P = 0. 001). Conclusion: The knowledge and performance of housewives in Kouhdasht regarding recycling were poor and their attitude was moderate. Informing citizens, especially housewives, about various ways of solid waste disposal in this city should be considered an important issue and must be on the agenda of the responsible organizations.

Background: According to available evidence, about 60% of deaths worldwide and 80% of deaths in developing countries are associated with lifestyle. This study was aimed to predict health-oriented lifestyle based on personality characteristics and self-efficacy. Methods: The statistical population of this correlational study was the married stuff of Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran. Using available sampling method, 160 people were selected and assessed by NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Findings: Neuroticism (P < 0. 050), conscientiousness (P < 0. 050), and self-efficacy (P < 0. 001) could significantly predict health-oriented lifestyle. Conclusion: Considering the role of personality characteristics and self-efficacy in health-oriented lifestyle, it is suggested that these variables be given more attention in the field of prevention, education, and research.

Background: Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face significant pressures and challenges that may expose them to different psychological problems and can lead to their greater propensity to use of aggressive behaviors and less use of health services and programs offered to these children. This has a negative impact on the child's development and leads to more disruptive behaviors. Therefore, the present research studies the relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress with social support and life satisfaction in mothers of children with ASD. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 47 mothers of children with ASD were selected by convenience sampling and completed the questionnaires of anxiety, depression, stress, social support, and life satisfaction. Findings: Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was no relationship between life satisfaction score with depression, anxiety, and stress scores (P > 0. 050) and there was a significant negative relationship between social support score with depression (P = 0. 020), anxiety (P = 0. 040), and stress (P = 0. 020) scores. Moreover, there was a direct relationship between life satisfaction score and social support (P = 0. 010, r = 0. 323). Conclusion: Increase of social support for mothers of children with ASD leads to their increased life satisfaction and decreased depression, anxiety, and stress. Improving the social support of these mothers seems necessary.

Background: Regarding that in the most of studies, the effects of each micronutrient such as folate, zinc, and various antioxidants have been considered separately, the aim of this study was to review dietary patterns and their relationship with sperm concentration, count, motility, morphology, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage as well as some biochemical parameters such as homocysteine levels in infertile men. Methods: In this study, through search in scientific databases and using keywords such as ‘ infertility’ , ‘ sterility’ , ‘ sub-fertility’ , ‘ fertility’ , ‘ dietary pattern’ , ‘ diet type’ , ‘ eating pattern’ , and ‘ diet’ , published papers during 1980-2018 were extracted. After that, only studies that investigated the food pattern were included. Finally, 5 studies were used for this study. Findings: The studies showed a positive relationship between healthy eating patterns and sperm’ s density, motility, and quality. Men with healthier eating pattern had better sperm index. It was also shown in studies that there was a direct relationship between the dietary pattern, the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA damage, so that the ROC caused a negative effect on the spermatogenesis by inducing oxidative stress and altering the density and compression of the sperm nucleus. Conclusion: Studies have shown a positive association between dietary pattern and sperm parameters damage, so that a healthy diet is an indicator of success in improving sperm parameters. More studies are needed with a high statistical population to conclude definitively.

Background: According to the widespread prevalence of different chronic diseases, nurses need to know the choices, necessities, and abilities of patients. The study purpose was to investigate the methodological quality of published papers based on Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM). Methods: This study was a systematic review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to retrieve all national and international studies in the field of FCEM. The final papers were reviewed for different methodological dimensions using three quantitative scales: Jadad, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010, and Newcastle-Ottawa, and qualitative scale of Cochrane risk of bias. Findings: In the initial search, 644 papers were retrieved; following PRISMA screening guideline, 47 relevant papers were recognized. Jadad scale scores showed that one study received a score of 5 and 33 received a score of less than 3. Consort scale scores indicated that four studies were scored 7 and the same number were scored less than 5. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale scores showed that 13 studies were scored 8, and 4 were scored less than 4. The five dimensions of Cochrane's risk of bias scale are detailed in the paper. Conclusion: The methodological quality of applied studies based on the FCEM was relatively good, but their reporting style and quality were inadequate.