NEW CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Year:2021 | Volume:11 | Issue:42|Papers Count:8

Aim and Background: Nocardia is a member of the Nocardiaceae family. Due to the fact that few studies have been conducted on the prevalence of nocariasis in Khuzestan province, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify nocardia species from bronchial lavage and sputum specimens of patients suspected of nocardiasis using molecular PCR in Khuzestan province. Materials and Methods: In this study, 178 bronchial lavage samples and 100 sputum samples were collected from patients suspected of nocardiasis during 1 year and sent to Ahvaz Microbiology Laboratory for more accurate identification, then identified by PCR for gene tracking. 16 S rRNA, NG and Bet were performed and PCR products were sequenced. Results: In this study, 278 samples including 178 samples of bronchial lavage and 100 samples of sputum taken from patients suspected of neocardiosis were examined. Sequencing results showed that 27 of the samples were positive for Nocardia species. Out of 7 bronchial lavage samples, 6 belonged to N type. Nova and 1 case belong to. N. farcinica. 20 samples belonged to sputum and 8 belonged to N. cyriacigeorgica, 4 samples belonged N. farcinica 3 samples belonged to N. asteroides and 5 samples belonged to N. nova. Conclusion: The present study shows the high ability of molecular methods in accurate diagnosis of species and species of Nocardia and the need for further study of this disease in future studies is felt more than ever.

In December 2019, the outbreak of a new type of acute viral respiratory disease (pneumonia) was reported in central China and the number of people infected with it increased rapidly. Specialists named the disease COVID-19 and identified its origin as a virus called SARSCoV-2. So far, no effective drug has been developed that can be used to definitively treat this disease, but some drugs have been identified and introduced that have shown a significant impact on the recovery of patients. In this review study, several published articles on the structure, characteristics, origin and prevalence of COVID-19 virus, as well as drugs used to inhibit COVID-19 virus, were reviewed. All the documents and articles have been collected from reputable sites PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus with keywords such as "COVID-19", "Coronavirus 2019" and "COVID-19 and drugs". Among the drugs studied in this study, lupinavir and ritonavir have been clinically evaluated in many cases along with complementary drugs such as Interferon Alfa, and the results indicate the effectiveness of this drug in reducing the load capacity of the Betacoronaviruses family. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been shown to be effective in limiting the replication of COVID-19 in vitro. The antiviral drug amantadine reduces the virus' replication capacity due to its disruption of the lysosomal pathway. Amantadine, as an anti-influenza drug, prevents the virus from uncoating and releasing its nucleic acid into the respiratory epithelial cells. Remdesivir can also prevent damage to the human lungs caused by coronavirus infection. In relation to favipiravir, studies showed a recovery rate of 91. 43%, which indicates a very high effectiveness of this drug. Among the studied drugs, favipiravir and remediator have shown significant effectiveness in many cases and are even recognized and used as COVID-19 effective drug in some countries, so that the efficacy of favipiravir has been reported to be 91. 43%. Lupinavir and ritonavir, which have been used in combination with supplements such as Interferon Alpha, as well as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, which reduce the load capacity of the virus, have been shown to be less effective.

Recently, in many developed and developing countries, the consumption of food supplements derived from natural resources has become popular due to the lack of side effects, low cost, and antioxidant properties for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Microalgae contain a wide range of beneficial compounds, including essential amino acids, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, and dietary fiber. They are also known as powerful free radical scavengers. In this study, using the findings published in the databases of Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and ISI, etc., recent evidence about the therapeutic and protective effects of microalgae on human health was collected. The industrial applications and clinical challenges of these compounds were also presented. Due to the wide range of microalgae ingredients, its long-term consumption can provide many essential nutrients in our body where leads to improve Community health. In addition, in many cases, especially liver disorders, Chlorella and Spirulina microalga have a significant therapeutic effect which can be used as a drug. However, many differrent components, sometimes causes side effects, which should be minimized by consuming the standard dosage under the care of a physician.

Aim and Background: Due to the nature and method of processing, prepared foods are exposed to a variety of dangerous pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and parasites that can pose a serious risk to public health. In the present study, two types of food were examined for Staphylococcus aureus and parasite eggs. In this paper we will review metabolism and mitochondrial context in cancer stem cells and we would discuss the possibly of targeting metabolism in cancer stem cells. Materials and Methods: 40 samples of lettuce salad and 40 samples of pasta salad were prepared from the supply centers in 5 regions of of Islamshahr. The number was calculated based on Cochran's formula and the error rate was five hundredths. The physical health of the samples supply were also examined from a health point of view and then the samples were immediately transferred to the microbiology laboratory in the presence of dry ice in order to avoid possible secondary contamination. The samples were examined according to the instructions of the National Standard Organization of Iran, numbers 6806-3and 10082 for contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and parasitic eggs (respectively) and were analyzed using the tests. The findings of this study were calculated using SPSS software as the standard ± standard error and compared between different regions using one-way analysis of variance. Results: According to this study, the sample sets were within the permitted range declared by the National Standards Organization in terms of Staphylococcus aureus infection; All the samples were also negative for parasite eggs. Also, in comparing the means between different regions, no significant difference was observed (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: The results of the research in all the studied areas indicate the same process in their preparation and supply and the consumption of these two types of food does not pose a potential risk to consumers. So, by emphasizing the cooperation of various sectors active in the field of food safety, including inspectation and educational organizations, as well as the general attention and determination of people working in these cencers, a significant reduction in foodborne illness and thus increasing public health in this area can be achieved.

Aim and Background: The use of medical herbs and their extracts because of their low side effects is increasing all over the world. Glycrrizha glabra is one of these plants with proven therapeutic effects, but conventional prescribing of them faces challenges. Using of drug delivery nanocarriers such as Niosome is one of the new strategies to overcome these challenges. The aim of this study was to synthesis and charactrization of nano niosomal system containing Glycrrizha glabra extract in order to improve its therapeutic effects. Material and methods: Nanoniosome were synthesized using Tween-60 (70%) and cholesterol (30%) by thin film method and by using inactive method, Glycrrizha glabra extract was loaded into them. Their physico-chemical features were assayed by Zeta sizer, AFM and FTIR and at last the release rate of extract and toxicity of Nanoniosome on normal cells were assayed. Results: Data showed that the synthesized nanoniosomes are anionic with-21. 2± 1. 64 mV zeta potential, size of 90. 7± 3. 6 nm, dispersion index of 0. 53 and 55. 36% encapsulation efficiency. The nanoniosmal system presented slow and controlled release of the extract. AFM and FTIR analysis demonstrated that nanoparticles have appropriate morphology and the system does not interact with the extract. The results of MTT assay also approved that the system has not toxicity effects on normal cells. Conclusion: The results indicated that synthesized nanosiosome vesicles because of their appropriate features, could be good carrier for delivering of Glycrrizha glabra extract and thus improve its therapeutic effects.

Aim and Background: Diarrhea is the second most common cause of under-5 mortality. The most important strains of Entrotoxigenic Escherichia coli causing Lt and St toxin cause diarrhea and Entrohemoragic E. coli causing Shiga-like toxin secretion. Chlorine enterotoxin B subunit (Ctx) plays a key role in the development of diarrhea in Vibrio cholerae. More specific antibodies could be developed to counter these toxins by combining the CtxB, LtB and StB (LSC) epitopes and the production of trivalent vaccine. The aim of this study was to cloning lsc gene into pcDNA3. 1 to design a vaccine DNA. Materials and Methods: The lsc gene sequence was transferred to pcDNA3. 1(+) vector after primer design and amplification by PCR. The pcDNA3. 1(+) vector and the PCR product were digested using HindIII and EcoRI enzymes. Cloning of lsc gene was performed in pcDNA3. 1(+) vector and PCR. The clones were digested enzymatically. To ensure expression of lsc gene, it was transferred to HEK-293T cell and confirmed by Western blotting. Results: The lsc gene was confirmed by PCR and cloning in pcDNA3. 1(+) vector using enzymatic digestion and a fragment length of 933 bp was detected and confirmed. Transfection kit was then transferred to HEK-293T cell and expression of the recombinant protein was confirmed by Western blotting and the protein was 39 kDa. Conclusion: The results of the chimeric gene are well expressed in the cell line and confirmed by Western blotting that can be a good candidate for the fight against bacterial infection.

Aim and Background: Proteolytic enzymes are essential for the survival of living organisms by irreversible hydrolysis of peptide bond. Carboxypeptidases are proteolytic enzymes found in many organisms and are widely used in various industries, such as food and pharmaceuticals. Aims of this study are expression of carboxypeptidase of chohnella A01, purification and determination of its activity. Materials and methods: The gene of carboxypeptidase of cohnella A01 has been cloned in pET26b(+) vector. Competent cells were prepared from E. coli BL21, plasmids were extracted and transformed to expression host. E. coli BL21 was cultured in LB medium and protein expression was induced by IPTG. After that cell harvested and recombinant protein was purified by Ni-TNA resin. Results: The expressed recombinant enzyme is a glutamate carboxypeptidase that capable of separating glutamate from folic acid. Conclusion: Hence carboxypeptidase G has medicinal application and recombinant carboxypeptidase from cohnella A01 is a thermostable enzyme, after optimization, can be use it for medicinal application.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause a variety of illnesses, from the common cold to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The SARS-COV-2 epidemic was first reported by the World Health Organization of China and is now becoming an epidemic, indicating the extremely high prevalence of the virus, which has caused great concern and stress among people around the world. Has created. In the present review article, using Covid 19 keywords, prevalence, prevention, treatment and by searching in reputable databases of Pub Med Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, Science Direct, articles indexed in Medline and related research from 2003 to 2020 have been compiled. Research suggests that in transmitting the virus, preventing and educating people to deal with the risk and promoting self-care behaviors can reduce the rate of disease transmission in communities and identify sources of disease transmission can be effective in controlling it. The mortality rate of this virus in the elderly and people with underlying diseases is significantly higher than healthy people. Coronavirus is a challenging disease that is easily transmitted in public places and the number of people infected with this virus at all ages and in the community is increasing exponentially. Therefore, increasing public awareness of this disease and presenting positive psychological programs and teaching ways of prevention in the media, in addition to reducing mortality and the number of patients can reduce psychological problems in society.